I-Biograge
UPhilip Roth ungumqhele omkhulu kakhulu waseMelika we-XX kanye nokuqala kwekhulu le-XXI. Kwaphela amashumi ayisithupha eminyaka, umbhali ushicilele izincwadi, wathela ama-taboos enkolo nangokobulili.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa ngoMashi 19, 1933 eLewark New Jersey State. IMalaya Motherland Philip Dala America abaningi ababhali abaningi. I-Rota Countromermen - Imbongi ye-hipster allen ginzberg kanye nomlobi wokuseHhazi uHarlan Koben.
UPhilip wakhulela emndenini wamaJuda, izimilo zazo ezichazwe emsebenzini we- "Tailor Case". Okhokho bakababa, umshuwalense wabathengisi baseJalimane, wayehlala edolobheni lesifundazwe saseKozlov Lviv. Amadlozi kamama, uNee Bess Finkel, evela endaweni ezungezile eKiev.
Ngo-1950, uPhilip waphothula esikoleni samabanga aphezulu we-weequic. Othisha bachaza le nkampani njengensizwa yobunikazi ehlanganisa ufakazi nokuqonda. Unyaka wensizwa ufundile e-University of Rates, edolobheni lakubo, wabe esedlulisela ePennsylvania University Bacnell, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-bachelor ezihlonishwa ngesiNgisi. I-theisis ye-Master ezincwadini zesiNgisi uRoth wavikelwa e-University of Chicago.
Ukuhlukumezeka komhlane, okutholwe lapho kulungiselelwa i-forearm, kwakhulula umfana enkonzweni ephuthumayo. Kusukela kusazi kanye kuze kube ngu-1991, umlomo wafundisa ukuqhathanisa kwezincwadi kanye nencwadi yokudala emanyuvesi aseMelika.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umlobi washada kabili. Umshado ngamunye wahlala iminyaka emi-4. Kusukela kumlingani wokuqala uMargaret Martinson Filip wahlangana ngo-1956, futhi sabheka ubudlelwano ngo-1959. Lapho ngo-1968, ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 isehlukaniso, lona wesifazane ushonile engozini yemoto, okuhlangenwe nakho komlobi kwabonakala encwadini ethi "Amadoda Ami '. Phambilini, uMargaret waba yi-prototype ye-heroine Lucy Nelson kwinoveli "Wayekuhle kakhulu."Umshado neBritish Actress Claire Bloom Bloom Bloom engama-57 ubudala aphetha hhayi kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-14 yobudlelwano, kodwa futhi ngemuva kwesakhiwo esikhulu esihambisana nokusetshenziswa kombhali wempilo yoMlobokazi nomndeni wakhe "enolutho" . Emsebenzini wabalingiswa ababizwa ngokuthi uFiliphu noClaire, isiphetho sabo sakhumbuza ama-biografikhi omlobi nothandekayo wakhe. Ngokwesicelo sokuqhakaza ukubola kwashintsha igama le-heroine.
Ezikhumbuzweni zokushiya indlu yezidlwane, uClaire wachaza unyaka wokuqala womshado ujabule. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabesifazane, ukuvumelana kwavimbela umsebenzi womlobi, futhi uFiliphu waqala ukuzibonakalisa njenge-laminator yowesifazane kanye nokwakhiwa.
Ngo-1994, umbhali nomlingisi bahlukanisa. Abezindaba baphinde baphindaphindeka ngekhotheshini evela eMonsuarov Bloom "kwalasha phakathi kwamagama nezindaba zenkampani kukhulu." Impendulo yencwadi yabafazi bangaphambili kwakuwumsebenzi kaFiliphu "umyeni wami - amaKhomanisi", lapho uClaire athathwe khona ngaphansi kwegama lika-Eva Frim.
Izincwadi
Incwadi ye-shust yenkampani, eyayihlanganisa le ndaba "sawubona, uColumbus" kanye nezindaba ezi-4, yanikezwa umklomelo wezwe lonke ngawo-1960. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35, umlobi waphumelela waphumelela, esethole umvuzo ofanayo ngomsebenzi we-Shabbat Theatre.
Ngo-1962, umbhali wanyathelisa inoveli yokuqala ethi "Navy". Ubungako bomsebenzi ukwethulwa kwengxenye yezehlakalo ezivela ebusweni bomlingiswa ophakathi kweGabe Wallach, futhi izingxenye zivela ebusweni bomlandi obona konke. Esikhathini esithe xaxa sokubhalwa phansi, ama-roths anqoba ngqo amanoveli.
In the 70s kwekhulu lama-20, umlobi bazama izinhlobo, nokungabaza kusukela ukubhinqa zezombusazwe emsebenzini "iqembu lethu" kuya "Kafkianism" ku "esifubeni". Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi, umlomo wadala i-eguqukayo yakhe i-ego - umlingiswa kaNathan Zuckerman, owayekhona ezincwadini eziningi ezalandela (ikakhulukazi, ku-infelleller "noma i-interlocutor wombhali.
Isenzo senoveli esithi "Isitembu Somuntu", lapho i-zuckerman nayo yenza, yenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda secala lokulalelwa kwamandla kaBill Clinton. UNathan ukhuluma ngomakhelwane waseColemen Silka, waxoshwa ekolishi ngenxa yezitatimende, ukutolika ubuholi njengobuhlanga. Kancane kancane, imininingwane ye-biography yaseColeman, lapho umuntu azama ngayo ukukhohlwa khona. Ekuguqukeni komsebenzi - ifilimu "idumela elibonile" - izindima eziphambili ezidlalwa ngu-Anthony Hopkins noNicole Kidman
Ku-noveli "uzungu ngokumelene neMelika", umlobi wenza ohlosweni lomlando ohlukile. Esisekelweni ngokhetho lo-1940, uFranklin Roosevelt uwina, kanye ne-Pilot Charles Lidberg. I-United States iba yi-Alller yaseJalimane futhi ndawonye inqume "umbuzo wamaJuda". Umshayeli wendiza, okungu-1927, indiza engakhokhisi evela eNew York eParis, iveze kaningi imishwana yobuhlanga kanye nama-anti-Semitic futhi ibizwa ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kwempi yaseMelika kuyenzeka kuphela kumaJuda.
Eminyakeni eyinkulungwane yesithathu, ukugxekwa kwakuvame ukuthi kusho ukuthi lo mlolo kufanele umklomelo weNobel ezincwadini. Yize uFiliphu efa, akakaze athole umklomelo ophakeme kakhulu wokubhala, umProse wayengomunye wababhali abanesihloko. Kokunye kwezithombe zokugcina, inkampani ithathwe nguMlobi we-Handshake "American Maseoral" nge-Barack Obama: UMongameli-Democrast unikeze umlobi yi-US National Huntutarian Medal.
Ukushona
UPhilip ushonele esibhedlela saseManhattan ngoMeyi 22, 2018. Imbangela yokufa komlobi kwakuwukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngokuhambisana nentando yomlomo, umlomo awungcwatshwa eceleni kwabazali emathuneni amaJuda kaNewark, kodwa emathuneni aseNew York Bard College.Ingqikithi yezingalo zempilo yabantu yadlula kuyo yonke imisebenzi yeprosese. Umlomo okhanyayo ikakhulukazi waphikisana nokufa kothando emanoveli asekupheleni - Ukuchuma "Isilwane Esifayo" ne- "Ghost asiphumile".
Encwadini yokuqala, okuyingxenye yokugcina ye-trilogy ngoDavid Kipeska, uprofesa osekhulile, njengo-Oleg Sokolov, uvame ukunxenxa abafundi. Omunye woDavide othandekayo uyagula umdlavuza webele. Ngokusekelwe kwinoveli ngo-2008, u-Elizabeth Coiret wadubula ifilimu elingu-melodramatic film "Elelley". Izindima eziphambili kwifilimu zenziwa nguBen Kinglesley noPenelope Cruz. Ku- "Ghost", umuntu wedwa, umbhali uthandana nowesifazane osemusha futhi achithe isipho semibhalo sokwakheka kwezingxoxo ngesithandwa esithandekayo.
I-Bibliography
- 1959 - "Farewell, Columbus"
- 1962 - "Umhlobiso"
- Ngo-1967 - "Wayemuhle Kakhulu"
- Ngo-1969 - "Case Case"
- 1974 - "Amadoda ami angempela"
- 1990 - "Ukukhohlisa"
- 1995 - Shabbat Theatre
- 1997 - "Umelusi waseMelika"
- 1998 - "Umyeni wami ungumKhomanisi"
- 2000 - "Isitembu Somuntu"
- Ngo-2004 - "uzungu ngokumelene neMelika"
- Ngo-2007 - "Isipoki asiphumile"
- 2011 - "Nemesis"
I-Trilogy ngoDavid Killche
- 1972 - "Isifuba"
- Ngo-1977 - "USolwazi Wesifiso"
- 2001 - "Isilwane Esifayo"
Amanoveli nge-zuckerman
- I-Trilogy "epholile ye-zucuckerman"
- 1979 - "I-Negriry Negro"
- 1981 - "Ukukhululwa kwe-zuckerman"
- 1983 - "Isifundo se-Anatomy"
Iqhingivu
- 1985 - "Prague Orgy"