I-Biograge
Naphezu kwethalente lemvelo, ummeleli okhanyayo weqiniso laseMelika, u-Edward Hopper, wahlala ethunzini labakwethuli isikhathi eside. Kuphela lapho umdwebi eneminyaka engama-40, imidwebo yakhe, wagcwala izimbali nomlando, ofana nezithombe ezifiphele, waqala ukufakwa kuhlu phakathi kwama-account connoisseurs.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umdwebi wazalwa ngo-July 22, 1882 eNiake, eNew York, emndenini wamaBaptist u-Elizabeth Griffiths Smith noGarrett Henry Hopper. Inhlala-kahle yezezimali yabazali yamvumela u-Edward nodadewabo wadadewabo uMarion athole ulwazi ezikoleni ezizimele.
Kakade eminyakeni emi-5, i-hopper ikhombisa ukufisa ubuciko. Abazali bakhuthaza isifiso somfana, bangithengele amabhulashi namabhulashi, izincwadi ezikhethekile. Wayazi ukuthi ukudweba izimpaphe nengane encane nekhabhoni, amalahle, i-watercolor, ibhotela, ebhalwe ngobuchule ngemvelo, wayeyimpandla ngamahlaya. Umdwebo wokuqala osayiniwe ngu-Oyili - "isikebhe sethambo e-Rocky Bay" (1895).
Ngiseyingane, i-hopper ephupha ngokuphila kwempilo nolwandle, kodwa, wazala, wanquma ngokuqinile ukuba ngumculi. Abazali babona indodana kwezentengiselwano. Naphezu kwesifiso sabo, wangena esikoleni sobuciko obuhle eNew York, lapho ahlangana khona nothisha bayo uWilliam baxosha noRobert Henry.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1924, umka-Edward Hoperper waba nguJosephine Nivison, umdwebi. Intsha yajwayela isikhathi eside ngaphambi komshado, ngo-1905 ezifundweni zikaRobert Henry. Baxoxa, babelana ngentuthuko yezobuciko, kepha inzuzo yothando lobuhlobo babo yamukelwa kuphela ngo-1923.UNivieson wavulwa, ejabule, anamathela ekubukeni okunenkululeko. UHopper wayevame kakhulu kimi, wayesengumukele, wayebheka impilo ende. Lo mbhangqwana ukwazile ukushiswa ngokulahlekelwa yisimo sokuyekethisa: Ngemuva komshado, uNivison wahlukanisa indlela yokuphila ebabazekayo, wamenzela umnyuziyamu oyisisekelo.
Impumelelo ye-hopper ibophekile ukuba ibe ngumfazi: wamcindezela ukuba adale ama-watercolor, athandwa kakhulu.
Kunzima ukwahlulela ukuthi impilo yomuntu siqu ye-hopper no-Nivieson iyajabula yini. Baphila iminyaka engama-43 bendawonye, kepha bebengazitholi izingane. Yebo, futhi ingqikithi yesizini yaphakade iphishekele ubuqambi be-hopper. Unkosikazi wasinda kulo mculi izinyanga eziyi-10. Imizimba yabo ingcwatshwa ethuneni elilodwa.
Ukudala
IHopper yaqala ngemidwebo yezigcawu zasemadolobheni. Kwesinye isikhathi wayihlambazwa emnyama futhi nsundu ngemibala ekhanyayo, kepha ebumnyameni, sengathi uzizwa ekhululekile kakhudlwana. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi, i-hopper yaqina, yathula.
Ngokungafani nakusokwedlule, i-hopper ineqiniso. Ngesikhathi sokungabizi, inhlolovo yesibukeli yesithombe sangempela sasingelula, noma kunjalo ngo-1913 umculi wathengisa umsebenzi wokuqala "ngomkhumbi" (1911). I-hopper eneminyaka engu-31 yanethemba lokuthi kusukela kuleli phuzu, umsebenzi wakhe wawuzokhuphuka, kodwa wawuphutha.
Ngo-1915, ukuqina kwe-hopper njengomculi, kodwa wazembula njengomqolile. Wadala ama-Etchings angaphezu kwama-70 aveza izigcawu ezivela empilweni yeParis naseNew York. Ngibonga kubo, umdwebi wathola lesi sitayela futhi, ekugcineni, waduma.
Ukuphumelela kokugcina kwavela ngo-1923, ngemuva kokuboniswa ama-hopper wamanzi ayi-6 eMnyuziyamu waseBrooklyn. Abagxeki bashaya umsebenzi wakhe, okuwukuhlwa kokuqala bathola abathengi babo.
Izithombe ezibiza kakhulu ze-hopper - "ezimbili ku-aisle" (1927): $ 1.5,000 izinkulungwane, umculi wathenga imoto. Amanye ama-canvases athengiswa ngamanani afanele, waphila kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, akazange anendaba futhi wenqaba imiklomelo.
Imisebenzi engcono kakhulu ye-hopper yavela lapho sekushona khona ukushona kwelanga. Okokuqala - "Midnightns" (1942), owokugcina - "amahlaya amabili" (1966). Bathi abesilisa nowesifazane abakhonjiswe emidwebeni yena uqobo umdwebi nomngane wakhe othembekile kaJosephine Nivison.
Ukupenda i-Edward Hopper kubeka i-imprent imprint okukhona emasikweni aseMelika ngekhulu lama-20. Eqondiswe nguDavid Lynch umbiza umculi wakhe owuthandayo. Uthe uma kungenjalo ngenxa ye- "Midnightns", uchungechunge lwe-TV "Twin Pix" alusoze lwabona ukukhanya. Futhi isithombe esithi "House esitileni" (1925) sasebenza njenge-prototype kwifilimu ethi "Psycho" Alfred Hichkoka. Ngokuvamile, ama-hopper amaningi asebenza nalolu suku aboniswa kubuciko bomhlaba.
Ukushona
I-biography ye-Edward hopper yaphuka ngonyaka wama-84 wempilo, ngoMeyi 15, 1967, eNew York. Imbangela yokufa iye yaba ukwehluleka okunamandla kwama-renal. Umdwebi womculi uphumule emathuneni ase-Oak Hill endaweni yakhe.IHepper yandisa umsebenzi wakhe. UNivison, naye wabashiya eqoqweni elihlanganisiwe (imibukiso engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-3) iMnyuziyamu ye-Art Art Whitney. Imidwebo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-hopper nayo igcinwe eMnyuziyamu waseNew York wezobuciko besimanje, isikhungo se-Demońskih sezobuciko kanye neChicago Institute of Arts.
Imidwebo
- 1921 - "Intombazane ngemuva komshini wokuthunga"
- Ngo-1925 - "House O Rafy"
- Ngo-1928 - "Loop of Manhattan Bridge"
- 1929 - "Chop Suway"
- Ngo-1935 - "Makaba Dam Bridge"
- Ngo-1939 - "New York Cinema"
- Ngo-1942 - "Milths"
- 1943 - "I-Lobby of the Ihhotela"
- 1952 - "Ihhotela Emgwandeni"
- 1955 - "I-Hotel Window"
- 1960 - "ukukhanya kwelanga esitezi sesibili"
- Ngo-1966 - "Ama-comedan amabili"