I-Biograge
U-Erich Honekker - indoda ehole i-GDR cishe iminyaka engama-20 futhi yazuzwa ngokusekelwa kweSoviet Union ukuqashelwa kwayo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-21 leminyaka, le nqubomgomo yashicilelwa esidlangalaleni, ngeFascism, lapho izikhonzi zangaphambili zisolwa ngenselelo enkulumweni yaseNtshonalanga.Ubuntwana nentsha
Inhloko yeJalimane Democratic RepublicIc wazalwa edolobheni laseNeukirchen Earth Saar ngo-Agasti 1912. U-Erich ungowesine wezingane eziyisithupha zikaShakhtar Wilhelm Honchecker nomkakhe uCatharina. I-biography yenqubomgomo yomfowethu wabadala obizwa ngokuthi udumo lukababa yanqunywa empumalanga nangaphandle ngo-1944. Bobabili abazali u-Erich baphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-80.
Eminyakeni eyi-10, indodana kaShakhtari yajoyina inhlangano yamaKhomanisi yezingane, ngo-14 - kuKomsomol yaseJalimane, kwathi ngo-17 - ephathini yamaKhomanisi yaseJalimane. Ngemuva kwesikole, u-Erich iminyaka engu-2 wasebenza njenge-barrack nonyaka kanye nesigamu sekhono lokuphasela ophahleni.
Ngawo-1930s Honekker, kwaphela iminyaka emi-2 isitokisi se-komsomol cell, kwathunyelwa ukuyofunda eMoscow eMoscow iye esikoleni saseLenin International Lenin. Le nsizwa yabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwama-magnets.
Ngemuva kokubuyela eSaar, umKhomanisi osemusha olwela izwe lezwe. Ngo-1935, i-Malaya Umama we-Erich Erich, owayekade etholakala ngaphansi kwe-patronage yeNhlangano Yezizwe, wajoyinwa yimiphumela yePlebiscitis eya eJalimane, owayevele eholwa ngu-Adolf Hitler. Ebusika bango-1935, u-Heschecker wabalekela eFrance, kodwa wabuyela engxenyeni ethile yonyaka, waletha umshini wokuphrinta emithwalweni.
Ekupheleni kuka-1935, u-Erich waboshwa, kwathi ngo-1937 wagwetshwa iminyaka eyi-10 ejele. NgoMashi 1945, u-Honchecker njengomvuzo wokuziphatha okuhle wathunyelwa ejele laseBradenburg ukulungisa lophahla esigabeni sejizeni le-penitentier yabesifazane eBerlin Street Barimstraße.
Ngesikhathi se-airliner, uphahla luphunyuke lwahlala izinsuku eziningana ukusuka emthanjeni wesango ikoloni, kodwa wabe esebuyela emsebenzini wokwakha. Inkosi yaqondisa inkosi yavala amehlo akhe ekuphunyukeni kwe-Honnocker, futhi amaKhomanisi abuyela kwikhamera yakhe. Ngo-Ephreli, amabutho eSoviet akhululwa ngo-Ephreli, futhi u-Erich waba "ukuphunyula" okuyinqaba kwaba yisihloko sokuqhubeka kwecala ephathini yamaKhomanisi aseJalimane.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yenqubomgomo yaseJalimane yayinodlame kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuphakama okuncane (168 cm) nokungafundi, le ndoda yakujabulela ukunakwa kwesitezi esihle. Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe eLenin School, e-Erich ekudansani kwahlangana nendodakazi yaseSoviet uNatasha, owaba uthando lokuqala lwamakhomanisi amancane.Ngo-December 1946, uHonocker washada noCharlotte Shanuel. Owesifazane wayekhulile u-Erich iminyaka engu-9 ubudala futhi ngaphansi kukaHitler wasebenza njengokwengamela kwejele lesifazane laseBarminstraße. KwakunguSanuel wavimbela u-Erich ngemuva kokuphunyuka entwasahlobo yango-1945 esongwini ophahleni, wabe esethonya umthandi omncane ukuze abuyele ejele lakhe ngokuzithandela. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva komshado, uCharlotte wafa. Imbangela yokufa iba isimila sobuchopho.
Ngo-December 1949, umshado omakiwe we-Honchecker nomlingani we-Union Free German nentsha yaseJalimane kanye ne-Democratic Women's League, Edith Bauman, lapho asondelene khona nonkosikazi wokuqala. Umlingani wesibili wayedala e-Erich iminyaka emithathu.
Ngo-1950, indodakazi ka-Eric yazalelwa emndenini wamaKhomanisi, kodwa u-Erich wayesehlale kahle uthando olusha. Ukusuka Faist Faist owaholela ukuphayona i-GDR, indoda yahlangana ngesikhathi sohambo oluhlanganyelwe eMoscow ngosuku lokuzalwa lukaJoseph Stalin. Intombazane yayimncane kuno-Erich iminyaka eyi-15.
Ngemuva kokubuyela eBerlin, kwahlala khona indoda ebusuku phakathi kweMargot. Ethukuthele ekuziphatheni komyeni wakhe, u-Edith, wabhala nezikhalazo ebuholini beqembu lamaKhomanisi le-GDR, kodwa ngo-1952 kwavela futhi umFaist wabeletha u-Erich ndodakazi. Intombazane ebizwa ngokuthi nguSonya. Ngo-1953, indoda ethile yahlukanisa i-Edith yashada neMargot, eyayiphila ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Umlingani wesibili wekhanda le-GDR wafa ngo-1973, kanti owesithathu - ngonyaka we-2016. UMNYATO uSony Honekker noChile uLeonardo Yanes Beanos wavumela abazali bakhe asebekhulile ukuba bathole indawo yokukhosela kwezombusazwe eSantiago.
Ipolitiki
NgoMeyi 1945, u-Honchecker wahlangana noKhomanisi waseJalimane uHenry Owesilisa, kusukela ekwindla ka-1941, obeseKuibyshev futhi wakhonza edolobheni e-Volga Refuctrisers of Wap yaseJalimane. Umsebenzi ka-Erich ngokushesha wakhuphuka. UHonocker waba umsunguli kanye nosihlalo weNhlangano yaseJalimane. Ngemuva komkhosi wokuqala wentsha eBerlin, indodana kaShakhtar yaqokwa umuntu ozongenela ukhetho lwe-Poplonburro Sepg (Socialist Party yeGerman).
Maphakathi nama-50s ekhulu lama-20, i-Hescherser ibisezifundweni zeqembu eMoscow futhi yaya ekuvezweni kwenkambiso kaNikita Khrushchev yobuntu bukaJoseph Stalin. Ngo-1961, u-Erich wenza omunye wabaqambi kanye nomhleli wokwakhiwa kodonga lweBerlin, ehlukanisa idolobha liye entshonalanga nasempumalanga.
Ngo-1971, uHenokecker walandela isibonelo sikaBrezhnev, owawushintsha uKhrushchev, wathumela unobhala wokuqala weKomidi eliseCentral of Segg Walbter Ulbricht, owayenenkululeko ebabazekayo, ePension yesimo sezempilo ". Njengomlingani weMoscow, u-Erich kamuva wazibingelela ngoNobhala-Jikelele.
Yize i-Eastern Germany, eyayisebenza ku-GDR, yabonakala igxile kwinkululeko yezomnotho enenqwaba yezimpahla nezindawo zokudlela ezithokomelekayo, i-venocker ngesikhathi sokubusa komnotho senziwa. UMthethosisekelo wezwe wafaka okuvela ekuqubukeni kwe- "German Social Nation". Ukuphikisana kucindezelwa yizinsizakalo ezikhethekile. Enhlanganweni yakwamanye amazwe, u-Honnocker walandela yonke into yeSoviet Union.
Ngokuza kwamandla e-USSR, uMikhail Gorbachev, isikhundla sekhanda le-GDR sathuthumela. Ngo-Okthoba 1989, u-Erich wasuswa esikhundleni sakhe, kwathi ngo-December 5, asola ingcebo yoMbuso kanye nokusebenzisa kabi igunya lokucebisa. NgoJanuwari 1990, i-Honchecker yaxoshwa endlini eyakhiwe.
NgoMeyi 1990, iJalimane kanye ne-GDD bahlanganiswa bangene esifundazweni saseJalimane, ekhanda lakhe laba yisikhafu. Ukumangalelwa kwezomnotho nge-Honnocker kwaba yinganekwane. Icala lemibono lokudutshulwa kwezakhamizi zaseMpumalanga Herman ezizame ukunqoba udonga lweBerlin futhi zibalekele entshonalanga, lo mkhonzeni wakudala wavuma. Ekuthetheleleni kwakhe, u-Erich wathi isibalo sabahlukunyezwa bomkhankaso waseMelika eVietnam yizinkulungwane zezikhathi ezingaphezu kwamandla e-GDR.
Ngemuva kokundiza e-USSR kusuka kumaJalimane ahlangene ngo-Mashi 1991, ama-Honnady Yanaev, uDmitry Yazov noVladimir Kruchkov. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-5, abangane baka-Erich Kremlin bahlela i-Agasti Evikelekile, futhi isimo seKhomanisi saseJalimane sawohloka kakhulu. Usopolitiki waphoqeleka ukuthi abuyele eJalimane, lapho achitha khona izinsuku eziyi-169 ejele laseMowabi ngaphambi kokuthola imvume yokundiza eChile.
Ukushona
Okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlobene nokuwa komsebenzi kudale inqubomgomo yokuthola isimila somdlavuza kwizinso, okwatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-gallbladder. NgoJanuwari 1990, uHonecker wezwa ukuthi unomdlavuza, ekukhishweni kwethelevishini kwezindaba. Ezinsukwini ezi-4 ngemuva kwezindaba zomholi wangaphambili we-GDR, kwasuswa isimila, kepha wakwazi ukunikeza ama-metastases esibindini, avezwa ngo-Okthoba wonyaka.
Umdlavuza we-Honcecker wakho wakhonza njengesizathu esikhulu sokukhululwa kwendoda endala ejele nokuthola imvume yokundiza eChile. Umakadebona wezombusazwe waseJalimane washona ngoMeyi 29, 1994 eSantiago.