Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-130 kusukela ngesikhathi akhuphuke ngo-42 m ngaphezulu kwemigwaqo yaseChicago eyakha isakhiwo somshuwalense wasekhaya, obhekwa njengesiketi sokuqala emhlabeni. Umakhi we-William Le Baron Jenny wakhela lokhu okuhlaba umxhwele ngasikhathi sinye. Ngo-2020, cishe ama-5,000 "ama-SkyFhaces" avele emhlabeni, kanti enye nenkulungwane isesigabeni sokwakha. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi lezakhiwo ze-cyclopic liwela e-Asia nase-United States, eYurophu kukhona futhi ama-skyscrapers e-ultrahigh - mayelana nesakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke esizongitshela izinto ezingama-24cm.
ISoviet "Tucheseza"
IGigantantia - Isimilo Sokwenza Komdlandla Wokuthi Hhayi Ongqikithi Wama-Overseas kuphela. Eminyakeni engu-6 ngemuva kokuthi i-skyscraper yokuqala icele amanxiwa (ithe isakhiwo somshuwalense wasekhaya sadilizwa ngo-1931), ukwakhiwa kwesigodlo esimangalisayo saseSoviet kwaqala eMoscow. Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu, ukuphakama kwalo okwakufanele kube ngu-415 m, kanye nezindinganiso zamanje leli nani zihlaba umxhwele.Ngeshwa, umsebenzi wobuciko odlula konke akazange anikezwe ukuboshwa. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo, okwakuzoba uphawu lomgubho wezinkomo zamaKhomanisi phezu kwamanani ongxowanisi wamazwe asentshonalanga, kuvinjelwe impi yezwe yesibili engiqale ngayo ngo-1939.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-SKETYS SKETYCrapers wehlulekile, futhi isikhumbuzo se-stater sikaLenin asikade siphakanyiswe ngenhla kwezwekazi lase-Eurasi, ukukhanga "kokwakhiwa kobuholi beSoviet akuzange kunyamalale.
Amasu amabili weminyaka emihlanu, kusukela ngo-1947 kuya ku-1957, kwavela izakhiwo eziyi-7 eMoscow, yiziphi izakhamuzi zaseRussia nabezinye izizwe ezazi ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Ukuphakama Kwama-Stalinist". Phakathi kwe- "Tuchezov" ebabazekayo, njengoba abantu baseRussia bebiza ama-skyscrapers ngisho nangaphambi kokuba inguquko, kwathatha uhlu lwaseYurophu kusuka ngo-1957 kuya ku-1990, kunikeza isikhundla sokuqala ku-Frankfurt "Messeturma" .
Ukunqoba kweRussia
Ngo-1997, i-OkomTrobank-tower Skyscraper yashicilelwa okokuqala, yakhiwa futhi eJalimane Frankfurt am main. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-8, ubuholi obusebusweni obuphezulu engxenyeni yezwe laseYurophu bubuyiselwe eMoscow - umkhuzi wamamitha angama-264 we-Triumph Palace ukhula eduze komgwaqo omkhulu we-Leningrad. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, "ukunqoba okuphezulu kweYurophu" kusale ngemuva kweRussia, kuphela izikhundla zokuqala ezisuka esakhiweni esisha sedolobha elilodwa liye kwelinye - futhi sonke esikhungweni sebhizinisi laseMoscow-City.
Okuhlukile kwakungu-2012, lapho indima ye-violin yokuqala yaya eLondon 310-Meses-Meses Shard. Kepha vele ngo-2013, ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwe-Mercury City Tower, i-wedge of the Winner emncintiswaneni iphakeme kakhulu eYurophu, izakhiwo zibuyiselwe eMoscow.
Ngo-2016, umbhoshongo osempumalanga we-Federation kwakuyisakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke saseYurophu, okwakulandela lo nyaka olahlekelwe yilesi sihloko esakhelwe eSt. Lakhta Center ", osogwini lwe-Gulf of Finland.
"I-Lakhta Center"
I-skyscraper e-87-esiteji yesakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke esakhiweni esiphezulu eYurophu iyingxenye ye-Lakhta Center Social and Business Complex and Business Complex (Height - 462 m), lapho kuvela khona ihhovisi le-PJSC GAZPROM. Ngaphezu kombhoshongo, isifunda esisha sebhizinisi samamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-570. Amamitha afaka enye isakhiwo esisebenzayo, i-stilobate, isakhiwo sokungena se-arch kanye nenkimbinkimbi yezindawo ezikhethekile.Umdwebi wawungumklamo waseBrithani kanye ne-Architectural Bureau RMJM, ekomkhulu laso lise-Edinburgh. I-Excussiva Design Srl iphendule ama-Interiors, anqobile ithenda yokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo. Izindleko eziphelele zokwakhiwa kwe-Business Complex zilinganiselwa ku- $ 1.8 billion. Ochwepheshe abayizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka-12 abavela emazweni angama-20 bakhangwa ukwakhiwa.
Ngokusho kwephrojekthi, okuyinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwa, ngaphezu kwamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 ezakhiwo zamahhovisi, kuhlanganisa:
- Isikhungo sezingane nezemfundo;
- Umtholampilo wezokwelapha;
- Ipulatifomu elibuka konke elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-360;
- Izindawo zokudlela kanye nendawo yokudlela;
- Amahholo Embukiso;
- I-Aquatic Amphitheatre;
- I-Sports Complex;
- I-Planetarium.
Azikho izindleko zokwakha ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezinelukuluku. Ikakhulu kuleli cala uma kukhulunywa ngephrojekthi enjalo njengokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esiphakeme kakhulu eYurophu. Kulungile nge-lakhta Center Skyscraper.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge "Lakhta Center"
Siqoqe amaqiniso athakazelisayo ahambisana nalokwakhiwa okuhle, okuphansi ezwekazini lase-Eurasi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwekazi lase-Eulebashne kuphela e-telebashine e-Ostankian, esakhiweni esesandleni sobuntu.
1. Njengoba kunikezwe izici zendawo ephakeme kunazo zonke Skyscraper yaseYurophu - ukusondela emanzini nobuthakathaka benhlabathi esakhiweni, - ngaphansi kombhoshongo kunamaphayiphu wamamitha ayi-2, kushiya phansi ngamamitha angama-26. Iphinde ihlinzeke ngomklamo wokuvikela wesisekelo samamitha angama-30 ukuphakama, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesisekelo seSkyscraper futhi kuvikele umthelela wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
2. Sebenzelana ekuxhumaneni nokusungulwa kombhoshongo wawela ebhukwini lokuqina kwamarekhodi njengengxube engakaze ibonwe kwingxube ekhonkolo ekhonkolo hhayi kuphela eYurophu, kodwa futhi emhlabeni. Le nqubo yaqhubeka kuwo wonke amahora angamashumi amahlanu - ngalesi sikhathi 19.6 amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kakhonkolo.
3. Isixazululo sokuqala sasisetshenziselwa ukudala umbhoshongo we- "Lakhta Center" lapho kudala i- "Lakhta Center" - okuthiwa "okubizwa ngokuthi" umnyombo "kubanjwa kukho konke ukuphakama kwesiketi, okuyisilinda sensimbi futhi Ukhonkolo, ngaphakathi osebenza, amakhebu namapayipi, kufakwa izitebhisi zezitebhisi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we- "Kernel", emcabangweni wonjiniyela, ukulondolozwa kobuqotho bokwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto zangaphandle, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba. Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zibuye ziqinisekise izinga eliphakeme lokuphepha ngomlilo - Ukubekezelela kuze kube ngamahora ama-4 okuvezwa kwamalangabi ngaphandle kokushintsha izimfanelo zokusebenza.
4. Ukuze kube lula ukunakekelwa, umbhoshongo uhlinzeka ngojantshi abakhethekile abagijima emaphethelweni wesakhiwo kanye nokuphakama kokwakha. Bashukumisa ama-trolleys adinga ukusebenzela isakhiwo, kufaka phakathi ukugeza amawindi.
5. Izibuko ezifakwe kwi- "Lakhta Centre" tower zinobukhulu obungu-4 cm futhi zimelane nemithwalo ebalulekile ngaphandle komonakalo. Phula iphakethe eliphakeme le-multi ngokuzenzisa hhayi kuphela ngosizo lwapristi, kodwa nangezibhamu.
6. Lesi sakhiwo sihlinzekela i-baclight ekhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo singaguqulwa sibe esihlahleni sikaKhisimusi esiphakeme kakhulu eYurophu. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lokhu kwenziwa ngoDisemba 31, 2018.
7. Isakhiwo sine-grossival. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinga lamafu kwesinye isikhathi lidlula ngaphansi kwe-tower spire, uhlelo olungezekile lwamacala kagesi avela egobolondweni sangaphandle lombhoshongo lunikezwe futhi ngama-toxi ekhethekile.
Umbhoshongo owodwa
Sengiphetha, kufanelekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i- "Lakhta Center" Tower ibhekisa esigabeni sezakhiwo zokuphatha. Kepha esikhungweni sebhizinisi "I-Moscow-City" yakhiwa ukuphakama kombhoshongo owodwa ka-404 m - Lesi sakhiwo sizoba isakhiwo esisezingeni eliphakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu, izindleko zefulethi lapho kulinganiselwa ku-420 ama-rubles ngemitha yesikwele.