I-Biograge
UGiuseppe Verdi waqamba kaninginingi ngemisebenzi yababhali abadumile, noma ngabe uWilliam Shakespeare (Macbeth) noma uVictor Hugo (ukudlala "uHugo (ukudlala" kukhulunywa). Kepha kuphela endabeni ka-Alexander Duma - iNdodana, ngokwencwadi ethi "Inkosikazi enoCamellias", umqambi wabhala "uTraviatu", umbhali womthombo wokubhala ahlala ekhumbula izizukulwane.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa ngoJulayi 1824 enhlokodolobha yaseFrance. Umfana waqanjwa ngokuthi uBaba - umbhali "Queen Margo" futhi "Bala uMonte Cristo" - Alexander Duma - MAHHALA.
Lapho ingane yakini yeNcwadi yeNcwadi yeNcwadi eyayingumbhali, iZwi leNdodana laqala ukunezela ekugwemeni ukudideka. U-Alexander Junior Mfowethu Henry Bauer, eneminyaka yobudala enobungane "nama-camellias" emadodaneni akhe, naye waba ngumlobi.
Njengasendabeni yamaqhawe 'ama-musketeers amathathu' - u-D'Astagnan noC'Aragnan kaBonashe, omaziyo wabazali baka-Alexander Duma - indodana yenzeka ngenxa yokuphila kwakhe endlini yesiParisian. Umama kaMarie-Katrin La La La wayesemdala kunobaba wakhe iminyaka engu-8 futhi enesitudiyo esincane ekuthathweni nasekulungiseni izingubo.
Umlobi akazange ashade nowesifazane owazala izibulo lakhe, kodwa wasiza ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo nangokusemthethweni (wamukelwa) indodana endala, lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-6.5. I-biography ka-Alexander Duma - omncane wabonakala ezincwadini zakhe "iNdodana engaphansi 'kanye' nobaba wedelela '.
Eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, umfana wanikwa indawo yezivakashi, lapho phakathi kwabafundi ekilasini kwakuyilanga lesikhathi esizayo e-Edmond de Gonkur. Ngo-1839, uDuma Jr. wangena eRoyal College of Bourbon, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi yiLyceum Shaptali. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, le nsizwa ishiye isikhungo semfundo ukuba ibe ngomunye wabafazi abadumile baseParisian.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni bakhe, uDuma - indodana wayefana ne-thesis enkulu yaseRussia ye-alexander pushkin. Ukufana kwangaphandle kwababhali, ubuqotho babo kanye nokuqondisa kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi phakathi kwamadlozi bababhali kwakukhona abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama. Umkhulu Omkhulu Umlobi "I-Evgenia One Gent 'yenzeka e-Ethiopia, nogogo wakhe u-Alexander Duma - baba - waseHaiti. NjengoPushkin, uDuma-Son wayegqoka uBenbard.Ekuvuthweni, malini lokhu kungahlulelwa ngalesi sithombe, umbhali "Ombhali onamaCamellias" waba njengoBaba, okuhlotshaniswa nobuhlobo obunobungane. Futhi, u-Alexander wayengumngane nomJuda omnandi, intokazi ethembekile neyesilo lombhali uGeorge Sand, aphatha ngayo njengomama obhaliwe.
Impilo yomuntukazi yaseFranceman yayinodlame futhi imvamisa ibonakalisa emisebenzini yakhe. Ngakho-ke, inkosikazi yangaphambili yi-Aristocrat yaseRussia yaseSydia Nesselrod, umlobi waletha "intokazi ngamaparele" kuleyo noveli. Ubudlelwano bezothando buhambisana nomlobi nabalingisi be-marie umhlobiso no-Eme Dekl.
Unkosikazi wokuqala ka-Alexander wayengumfelokazi wethemba likaPrince Naryshkin, ayekade enza ngalo ndodakazi kaMarie-Alexandrin-Anriett ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kokuqala. Ngemuva komshado, lowo oshade naye wanikeza umyeni wakhe elinye indlalifa chop. Kodwa-ke, kwakunguBanduna kaMarie-Alexandrin - idrama enikele umdlalo we- "Baghdad Princess", intombazane yazo zonke izingane kanye nabazukulu babiwe umkhulu omkhulu.
Umona kanye nokuhlukunyezwa komngane womshado kwaphoqa umuntu osuswayo uDuma junior ukuze asonteke ekukhathazekeni nge-Anriette Estalier, eyayiyi-Henger iminyaka engama-40. Ngemuva kokushona kwethemba, umlobi washada nenkosikazi yakhe.
Izincwadi
I-bibliography of the umlobi ifaka amanoveli, imidlalo, ama-eseyi nezinkondlo. Imisebenzi yokuqala yenkondlo, kamuva yafakwa e-Almanac 'yezono zobusha', uDuma-indodana wabhala eminyakeni eyi-18.
Ngasikhathi sinye, le nsizwa yabona iKurtizanka Marie Duplessi. AmaRoma anontanga, edume ngobuhle, adume nokuxhumana nabantu abanamandla baseFrance, phakathi kwabo umqambi walo kwakungu-Alerexander ngo-1844 futhi baphela ngonyaka olandelayo umlobi.
Ngo-23, owayekade ethandekayo uDuma - indodana wafa. Imbangela yokufa kowesifazane kwakuyisifo sofuba. Ushaqekile u-Alexander wabhala uRoman "Lady noCamellias", abese ecubungula ekudlaleni. I-Pupyuzi - prototype yomlingiswa ophambili weMargarita Gauthier.
Isisekelo semidlalo eminingi namanoveli e-Dumas-ndodana abeka ukuhlaziywa kwezisekelo zokuziphatha. Umlobi wenza amalungelo ezingane ezingekho emthethweni, ngokwethembeka kwabayeni bakhe nesehlukaniso njengendlela yokuzixazulula ngokwabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Alexander wabheka ukubulawa kwabantu abafazi abangalungile nabayeni abaze bamukeleke kuphela, kodwa futhi kufanele.
Ukushona
UDuma-Son washona ekwindla sekwephuzile ka-1895, izinyanga ezi-4 ngemuva komshado ekhulile. Umlobi we- "Ladies noCamellias" ungcwatshwe emathuneni aseParis Montmartre kumakhulu amamitha avela kubaleki bokugcina uMarie Desplessi.I-EFFIGIA (itshe lethuna elicwengelini) ethuneni lomlobi lenze uRené de Saint-Marceau. Uveze isithombe esibaziweyo saseDuma - indodana, emi eParis Square eGreevell-Katra, ekhoneni eliphambene nalo lesikhumbuzo salowo "musketeers" ofakwe ngo-1883.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1847 - "Ukufika Kwabesifazane Abane noParrot"
- Ngo-1847 - "Izono Zobusha"
- Ngo-1848 - "Caesarin"
- Ngo-1848 - "Intokazi ngeCamellias"
- 1849-1851 - "Ukubuyiselwa okune"
- Ngo-1851 - "Diana de Lis"
- Ngo-1852 - "Intokazi enamapharele"
- Ngo-1857 - "Umbuzo Wezimali"
- Ngo-1858 - "Indodana Evulekile YaseMelika"
- Ngo-1859 - "Ubaba we-Dreatigal"
- Ngo-1864 - "Kugcwele abesifazane"
- Ngo-1866 - "Clemento Clement"
- Ngo-1866 - "Imemori Yabamangalelwa"
- Ngo-1873 - "Mnu Alfons"
- Ngo-1881 - Baghdad Princess
- Ngo-1885 - "Deniz"