I-Biograge
Isazi se-English Shysicist, udokotela wamakhemikhali nodokotela wezulu uJohn Dalton wathola udumo ngenxa yemisebenzi yesayensi. Isibonelo, umbono wokwakheka kwale nto owakhekile waba yimpumelelo yangempela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi umzekeliso onjalo, njengobumpumputhe umbala, ngakho-ke ubhekwa njengoDaltonism, ngokwesibongo kososayensi.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography yososayensi yaqala e-IGLSfield, Ceberland County, lapho azalwe khona ekwindla ngo-1766. Uyise wayeluka kabi, kepha umama wavela emndenini ophumelelayo wamaBritish - amalungu enhlangano yobuKristu, izinkolelo zakhe eziphikisana nezitatimende zeTestamente eNtsha.
Ngokubambisana noJohn emndenini, umfowabo omdala uJonathani wakhuliswa umfana oneminyaka engu-15 esikoleni sakhe sangasese senkolo (isikole samazwe). Kusukela eminyakeni engama-21, waqala ukwenza imibono yesimo sezulu, eyaqhubeka nokuqopha kuyo yonke impilo. Sekukonke, amarekhodi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 aqongelele kudayari yakhe maqondana nezinguquko zesimo sezulu.
Ngemuva kwesikole, uDalton wahlela ukuya efundeni ngokwengeziwe, ekwakhiweni kwezinsizwa kwakukhona amakhono ezokwelapha noma asemthethweni, kepha akunakwenzeka ukukwenza.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukuholwa akunikanga uDalton ukwakha impilo yomuntu siqu, waphila iBachelor, futhi waxhumana nombuthano omncane wabantu. Ezithombeni ezigcinwe kuze kube namuhla, abaculi baveze uJohn abacabangayo, bagxile futhi babucayi, abadlulisela ngokuphelele isithombe sosokhemisi.Isayensi
Umsebenzi wokuqala empilweni kaDalton wavele ebusheni bakhe lapho esiza umfowabo esikoleni, wazama ukufundisa. Futhi ngo-1793, le nsizwa yathuthela eManchester, lapho ahlangana khona noJohn Gorukh, kamuva owamnika iningi lolwazi lwakhe lwesayensi futhi wasiza ekutholeni indawo yothisha ekolishi elisha. Kulesi sikhundla wahlala kuze kube ngehora le-1800, wabe esenza imfundiso yangasese.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uDalton waqhubeka nokuzibandakanya ekuzithuthukiseni, wafunda izincwadi, wenza izivivinyo futhi wenza okutholakele okumangalisayo. Isibonelo, ehehwa ngokufundwa kwe-athomusm, ngo-1803 indoda yadala imfundiso yakhe ye-atomistic eyavuma ngayo. Ngokuzayo, ngomqondo omkhulu, usosayensi wakhombisa imodeli yama-athomu namakhompiyutha awo esibonelweni sama-cubes anemibala. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokusebenza kanzima kumagazini wakhe wokulevo, wabhala itafula lokuqala lesikali se-athomu.
Lokhu kwakungewona ukuphela kwembono yombono kaDalton maqondana nezimfundiso ze-athomu. Ngasikhathi sinye, wahlela imithetho emibili emisha kagesi, umfutho wokuqala okhathazekile wegesi mixture, onquma ingcindezi ephelele. Okwesibili kwasiza ekuboneni inhlangano yengxube yamagesi ku-ketshezi, yabizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-soubelity.
I-Daltonism yaba ukutholakala okukhulu kukaJohn, obizwa ngesayensi ubumpumputhe besayensi. Indoda uqobo yahlupheka kulokhu kufona, kodwa yakuqonda lapho ithwalwa yiBotany. Ukutadisha izincwadi ngalesi sihloko, wayevame ukubhekana nezincazelo zezitshalo ezahlukahluka ngezimbali, futhi uma engenabo ubunzima ngezimbali eziphuzi nezimhlophe, wabe esebona okubomvu kanye nemithunzi kaRose ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isici esifanayo sombono sombono saya kumfowabo owayemdala.
Ukuqhathanisa umbono wayo wemibala nombono wemithunzi efanayo yabangane bakhe, le ndoda yaphakamisa ukuthi emehlweni akhe anjengezihlungi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho-ke, waqonda ngemuva kokufa. Uhlobo lomuntu lwenziwa, kepha abaphenyi abatholanga lutho olukhethekile emehlweni akhe. Iminyaka eminingi, lesi sidumbu sikaDalton sagcinwa embizeni ngotshwala. Ucwaningo lwenziwe ngo-1995 kuphela, ofuywayo bakwazile ukwaba nokuhlola i-DNA ye-retina, okwakunqume ukuba khona kwehlobo likaDalton kuJohane.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kuyo yonke impilo uDalton wabhala hhayi incwadi eyodwa futhi kwavela i-athikili yesayensi eyayikade ishicilelwe emibuthanweni yesayensi.
Ukushona
Izinkinga zempilo zaqala eDalton ngonyaka we-1837, lapho enonhlangothi lokuqala. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwesibili kwenzeka eminyakeni embalwa futhi kwashiya imiphumela emibi kakhulu: Yephula inkulumo yososayensi. Kepha akuzange kumvimbele ekucwaningeniseni ucwaningo. Usokhemisi akazange abe ehlobo lika-1844, imbangela yokufa yayingukushaya kwesithathu, ongashiyi ithuba lendoda.Ngenkumbulo yokukhubazeka okwenziwe nguDalton, igama elithi Dalton Term lisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, elibonisa iyunithi ye-athomu ye-mass.
I-Bibliography
- 1793 - "Ukubukwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuhlolwa"
- I-1801 - "Izici zohlelo lolimi lwesiNgisi"
- 1808 - "Inkambo entsha yefilosofi yamakhemikhali. 1 ivolumu "
- I-1810 - "Inkambo entsha yefilosofi yamakhemikhali. 2 Ivolumu "