Izinsimbi eziwayo eziqhutshwa isikulufa esiphethe empeleni zingamangaza umbukeli ngezimpawu zazo eziphakeme. Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezisheshayo emhlabeni zisesimweni sohlelo lwethu.
8. Umkhawulo ophansi
Ngokwenza ijubane eliphezulu lendiza ehamba phambili, kuzoba nengqondo ukunciphisa umkhawulo "umbundu wokungena" kuwo osungula ngejubane lendiza le-300 km / h. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kube okungathandeki ukukhuluma ama-helikopta ngamafuphi, noma ngabe awukafakwanga kulolu hlu, kepha futhi nokuthola izinkomba zendiza ezihlaba umxhwele.
I-Boeing CH-47 "Chinook" - I-Helicopter yezempi yezempi enophephela emhlane ephephesheni lezinkonzo ze-Us Air Force kusukela ngesikhathi seMpi YeseVietnam. Imodeli efakwe ngo-1962, imodeli idlulise ukuphinda yathuthukisile futhi iyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yezempi emhlabeni wonke. Ukusuka ezingxabanweni zokugcina nokuzibandakanya kwalo mshini wesikulufa obili - Izenzo zezempi e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Naphezu kobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele kanye nokungezwa kwangaphandle, le helikopta yezempi, uma kunesidingo, iyakwazi ukundiza ngejubane le-285 km / h.
Idalwe yinkinga ye-European ne-Europe-Capital Eurocopter History Europe-inhloso ye-Hellopter inH90 iyakwazi ukusheshisa kuze kufike ku-291 km / h. Yakhelwe ngo-1995, imoto isenkonzweni emazweni ayi-14 ayingxenye yeNorth Atlantic Alliance. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zezulu ezinzima emhlabeni nasolwandle - ukuguqulwa okukhethekile kwendiza enophephela emhlane kwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwi-navy.
Yakhelwe kuma-70s futhi yamukelwa ngo-1980s esindayo ezokuhamba ezindala mi-26 iyaqhubeka nokuphatha inkonzo emazingeni e-Russian Air Force namazwe angu-15 aphesheya emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zokundiza, okuvumela ukuthuthukisa ijubane kuze kufike ku-295 km / h, futhi nokusebenza okushibhile, le modeli iyaqhubeka nokufunwa kokubili ekusetshenzisweni kwezempi nasekubulaweni kombango.
7. Mi-28n
Kuthuthukiswe ngu-Okb Mila futhi kuthunyelwe ngo-2013 Mi-28N, eRussia, okubizwa ngokuthi "umzingeli wobusuku", futhi ngokuya ngesigaba se-NATO, kudlula ngaphansi kokulungiswa kwezingcingo okuthembekile indiza enophephela emhlane ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-antiterrorist eSyria.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-MI-28, eyayiholwa ngumqambi ojwayelekile wesitshalo sendiza enophephela emhlane yeMoscow. UMile Marku Weinberg, uqale ngonyaka wama-78 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule njengengxenye yomncintiswano neKamov Design Bureau, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4 prototype ikhumule. Kusukela lapho, ukwakheka kwendiza enophephela emhlane kuye kwathola ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene futhi kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha yeminyaka ethola amafomu okugcina.
Abasebenzi bendiza enophephela emhlane abakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni ngomthwalo wokulwa kwamathani ayi-2,5 aqukethe abashayeli bezindiza ababili. Ijubane eliqhekekile lemodeli, okuthi, ngaphezu kwebutho le-Russian Federation, futhi lisenkonzweni e-Iraq nase-Algeria, lingamakhilomitha angama-265, kepha imoto ingasheshisa indiza kuze kube yi-300. "I-Night Hunter" akuyona i-helikopta endiza emugqeni oqondile kuphela: umshini wama-cakery uyakwazi ukwenza abashayeli bezindiza abaphezulu, kufaka phakathi umgqomo, i-netoov loop kanye ne-aupion ka-Immelman kanye ne-Immelman's Coup.
6. Umndeni wesifuba
Endaweni elandelayo phezulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubeka izimoto ezi-3 ngasikhathi sinye - izinkomba zejubane eliphezulu kula mamodeli zisondele, futhi zonke izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zidalwe yinhlangano eyodwa - i-Anglo-Italian Company AdustaWestland.
Okokuqala ukucubungula imodeli ethuthukiswe futhi ekhiqizwa yile ndaba yamazwe omhlaba - i-AW101 Helikopta, ikhombisa futhi iMerlin, isenkonzweni eDenmark, Portugal, eNgilandi nase-USA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa komshini akugcini kumakhembu ezempi - kuthuthukiswa ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene, kubandakanya izakhamuzi. I-Crew iqukethe abantu abangu-2. Mass of Payload - Kufika kumathani afinyelela ku-5.5. Idalelwe ukuthuthukisa ijubane kuze kufike ku-309 km / h.
I-Brainchild Arustawend elandelayo iyinhloso ehlukahlukene ye-AWI139, ekwakhiweni kwawo ama-American Company Bell Hearlters ahlanganyela kuyo, okokuqala wasukuma emoyeni ngoFebhuwari 2001. Futhi njengoba nje nge-2020th isebenza ngenkuthalo emazweni angaphezu kwangu-20. Abasebenza kuleli hlobo lifaka iRussia okuthi ukukhathazeka kuye kwaphetha isivumelwano sokubambisana ekwenziweni kwezinguqulo zomphakathi zale ndiza izidingo zezinhlangano zombuso waseRussia. Phatha i-Hellot Helikopta engu-2, i-salon yenzelwe abantu abangu-6-16 ngokuya ngokucushwa okuthile. Umkhawulo wejubane - 310 km / h.
Imodeli AW109 enophawu lwekholi oluhle lwe-hirundo, okusho ukuthi ekuhumusheni "ukugwinya", kwadalwa ngama-60s wenkampani edlule, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuhlangana kweNkampani ye-Italy enohlose ukwakhiwa kwendiza enophephela emhlane ngo-English GKK PLC . Futhi ihambelana ngokuphelele nesidlaliso sayo esimnene - izinga elinalo lo mshini olinalo, elisebenza ngezempi nezemisebenzi yezempi yase-Italy, lingu-311 km / h, futhi umthwalo owusizo ngu-3 amathani.
5. MI-24
Ingxenye yezinto ezinophephela emhlane ezidume kakhulu zomhlaba kanye nokwanda kwesibili, okukuhlukaniswa kwe-NATO kwabelwa igama elithi "lan" - le mi-24, elikwazile ukubamba iqhaza kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqala ngoSepthemba 1969 ukubamba iqhaza kwinhlamvu yonke yezingxabano ezihlomile kulo lonke iplanethi. Umshini weCoalcasting, owakhiwe yi-OKB Mile Half of Century, kuze kube namuhla usetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngamandla ahlomile esisindo samazwe - ukuguqulwa kwethonya lendiza enophephela emhlane kungenza izifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-60.
Kuphrojekthi ye-MI-24, ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwalo okwakubekwa ngalo mthetho woMkhandlu weSoviet Union wangoMeyi 6, 1968, kwaqalwa intuthuko, ngaphambili esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamamodeli adlule adalwe yi-design I-Bureau. Ngesikhathi sokungena ochungechungeni, indiza enophephela emhlane, ejwayelene kakhulu eRussia kanye ne-CIS ngaphansi kwesidlaliso esinolaka "ingwenya", kwaba owesibili emhlabeni okuhloselwe kuphela ukulwa - okwakuqala kwaba yi-American "Cobra" - AH-1.
Isici esihlukile se-MI-24 iyikhabethe lokulawula le-tandem, lapho umshayeli wendiza kanye nomphathi weqembu babekwa omunye komunye. Esinye isici sokucaciswa kwesici sokuphambuka okungalungile kwephiko kusuka endizeni eyisisekelo yama-degree ayi-12, ngenxa yalokho kufinyelela kwesithathu kwephuzu lokuphakamisa. I-helikopta iyakwazi ukusheshisa indiza evundlile kuya ku-335 km / h.
4. Ka-52 52
I-Russian Combat Helicopter Ka-52 "Alligator", ihlose ukwenza ubuhlakani futhi ihlule ubuchwepheshe bomphikisi womphikisi, kufaka phakathi izikhali, zingene emabuthweni ahlomile weRussia Federation ngonyaka ka-2011. Futhi ngo-2015, ukuguqulwa komshini wokusekela umkhumbi kwaqala okokuqala. Kusukela ngo-2020, opharetha be-alligator bangamazwe amabili kuphela emhlabeni - iRussia naseGibhithe, lapho kuqulwa khona isivumelwano sokudluliselwa okulandelayo kwamayunithi angama-46 emishini angama-46.
Sebenza kuphrojekthi yeCoalcast yesizukulwane esisha sesizukulwane esisha saqala eKamov OJSC maphakathi nama-90s. Umklami oyinhloko wekhophi enolwazi wenziwa nguMongameli we-Enterprise Sergey Viktorovich Mikheev. Ukudalwa kwendiza enophephela emhlane kwenziwa kusetshenziswa intuthuko eyayikade isetshenziswa ngaphambili lapho kudala omunye umshini ngesilinganiso se-coaxial yezikulufo eziphoqelelwe, okubuye kubambe iqhaza kulokhu okuphezulu, - ka-50.
I-KA-52 isivele ikwazile ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini ezisensimini yaseSyria Arab Republic futhi, naphezu kwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezaholela ekuphashweni kolunye uhlangothi, zizibonakalise njengezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokucindezela amabutho esitha. I-Crew yendiza enophephela emhlane iqukethe abantu abangu-2. Umshini ungasheshisa indiza evundlile kuya ku-350 km / h.
3. Ka-50
USergey Mikheyev, Sergei Mikheyev, wasebenza njenge-prototype ukudala "i-alligator", eminyakeni engu-15 ngaphambili, uSergey Mikheyev, waba ngumshini wokuqala we-hydrocarm wesisekelo somhlaba ngezikulufo ezithwala. Esikhathini esisentshonalanga, le moto yaseSoviet, iminyaka eyi-15 ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, emi emsebenzini empini yaseRussia, yazi ngaphansi kwamagama "wokhohlisi" kanye ne- "Werewolf". KwabaseRussia nezakhamizi ze-CIS, elinye igama lijwayele kakhulu - "Black Shark".
UMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe be-USSR wanquma ukuqala ukwakhiwa kohlobo olusha lomshini wokulwa nokulwa, okuhloswe ngalo ukucekelwa phansi kwamandla bukhoma nobuchwepheshe, kubandakanya ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle ze-meteorological, ngo-December 1976. Umsebenzi osethwe phambi kwalezi zinto ezimbili, imayela kanye ne-kamov, kwaveza ukwakheka kwemoto engekho ngaphansi kokuthuthuka kwakamuva kwaseMelika emkhakheni we-helikopta wokwakha - Ah-64 "Apache". Ngenxa yalokhu, umqondo wendiza enophephela emhlane enkundleni yempi, empandeni ehlukile emibonweni yemoto yamasosha yaphesheya, yayiyinto entsha ngempela.
Ngokungeziwe kumjikelezo we-coaxial okokuqala ngqa asetshenziselwa imishini engaphansi komhlaba, ubuye ubunqunyelwe kumuntu oyedwa kumuntu oyedwa - opharetha wezinhlelo zezibhamu bathathe indawo yethagethi yokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo, evunyelwe ukulawula izikhali nendiza eya kumshayeli wedwa. Yize ngesikhathi samanje lapho izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ziyekwe futhi zisetshenziswe njengokuqeqeshwa kwazo, lokhu akukhanseli izimfanelo zabo zokundiza - "ushaka omnyama" angakhula ngokushesha kufinyelela kuma-390 km / h.
2. AH-64
Attack helikopta 64 "Apache" kakade okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, ebizelwe esinye sezizwe zabantu bomdabukazi bezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, liqukethe ukubhebhetheka komhlaba wonke phakathi kwe-15 lomhlaba weplanethi, kufaka phakathi amandla endiza akwa-Israyeli namandla okuzivikela eJapan.
Ngesikhathi kusukela esikhathini sendalo, lo mkhiqizo we-American Healling Fact, eklanywe yi-Hughers Helikopta futhi wamukelwa ngesikhali samasosha sase-United States, ekwazile ukubamba iqhaza ezingxabanweni zendawo ezihlukile, eziqala ukuhlasela kwe I-US Army iye ePanama ngo-1989 futhi iphela ngokusebenza kwe-Yemen.
Isinqumo ekuqaleni komsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwemodeli ekwazi ukufaka esikhundleni se- "COBRU" futhi azange sihlangabezane nethemba le- "Chayenne" elibizayo, lamukelwa ngo-1973 enhlanganweni e-Nobbing Lobbing "yaseMelika , kuxazululwe umqondo wokuhlakulela indiza ethembisayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, i-prototype yavuka emoyeni, kepha indiza enophephela emhlane yafakwa ekusetshenzisweni kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-9.
"I-Apache" ihlala iyindiza enophephela emhlane yemvumulo ye-US Army evela maphakathi nawo-80s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule kuze kube namuhla - ukukhiqizwa kwezimpawu zobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe kanye nesicishamlilo kuyaqhubeka ngokuphelele Hlela amasosha. Yebo, nezici zesivinini esikhulu zivumela indiza enophephela emhlane ukuze ifike endaweni oyifunayo ukuze isekele amabutho aphansi - indiza ingasheshisa ku-365 km / h.
1. EuroCopter X3.
Isimo sendiza enophephela emhlane esheshayo emhlabeni sithole isampula yokuhlola yokwakheka kwe-hybrid okuhlanganisa ukujikeleza endizeni evundlile ephethe isikulufa esinabasebenzi ababili abanezinhlamvu ezi-5. Idizayinelwe yinkampani yaseFrance-German Eurocopter, isanda kuqanjwa kabusha ngama-Airbus Helicopters, uHeliplan X3, indiza yakhe yokuqala yenzeka ngonyaka we-2010, ekuqaleni yayenzelwe ukusheshisa kuze kufike ku-410 km / h. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3, isampula yokuhlola ikhombisile ukuthi iyakwazi okukhulu ngokusetha ijubane lentengo yendiza evundlile ka-472 km / h.
Kusukela ngo-2020, iphrojekthi edinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubucayi, iVinokarylah ayikaze ibe nentshisekelo amakhasimende. Ikhophi elakhiwe kuphela liseMnyuziyamu wendiza kanye ne-cosmonautics yedolobha laseParis, yize umsebenzi ohlelweni lokwakheka, yibaphi onjiniyela abacabangela abathembisayo, qhubeka.
Futhi, eminyakeni embalwa edlule kwakushiwo ukuthi eRussia, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokwakha izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, okwazi ukufika ngaphezu kwama-700 km / h, ngaphezulu komklamo osebenza esikhungweni sikazwelonke sokwakhiwa kwe-helikopta , okwavela ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwama-okb amabili - imayela ne-kamov. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane enembile lapho i-prototype yokuqala izokhuphuka emoyeni futhi kuliphi isigaba iphrojekthi, asikho isikhathi samanje.