Naphezu kwenqubekela phambili yesayensi neyezobuchwepheshe yazo zonke izinhlobo zezimfihlakalo ukuthi imvelo iyakwazi ukumangaza, okuncane akubi ngaphansi. Futhi kuhlu lomcabango omangalisayo, izimfihlo hhayi umugqa wokugcina othatha umzimba womuntu. Ingqikimba yalokho okuqukethwe yizifo ezixakile, khuluma ngobungqabavu bezifo ezingavamile nezingavamile futhi uqhubeke nokubeka odokotela ekuxilongeni okufile.
Ume
Indoda yonke impilo iyaqhubeka ikhula futhi ishintsha - osanda kuzalwa ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi eminyaka izoba ama-sidins agugile wendoda endala, ngaphandle kwalapho, inhlekelele engazenzeki ingenzeki. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi abantu bangenza umnqamulajuqu wangaphambilini. Sikhuluma ngesifo esibizwa nge- "proteria", esiholela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi komzimba ngezinguquko ezihlangene ngokubukeka kwesikhumba nezitho zangaphakathi.Ekuqhamukelweni kwe-propulsion, okokuqala okuchazwe ekhulwini le-XIX ngasekupheleni, kuholela ekuphumeni kwesakhiwo se-DNA, ngenxa yalokho umzimba uqala ukugqoka ngokushesha. Yize, njengesibonelo seziguli ezinalokhu kuxilongwa, izingane zivame ukunikezwa izingane, ngenxa yokwephulwa kwezinhlobo ezisencane, zifana nendoda encane endala futhi kuvamile ziphile isikhathi eside ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-13, lesi sifo sikhona ukwazi ukuzibonakalisa eminyakeni evuthiwe.
Ngakho-ke, ososayensi babela izinhlobo ezi-2 zentuthuko: Hatchinson-Gilford Syndrome - ezinganeni naseWerner Syndrome - kubantu abadala. Emthethweni wokuqala, lesi sifo asifakwa njengefa, kepha sivela ngenxa yokuguqulwa okungahleliwe ekwakhekeni kombungu noma ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamangqamuzana asezitholwayo. Esimweni sesibili, ifa liyi-autosomal - liphinda liphinda. Lokho wukuthi, ukuze i-Werner's Syndrome ukukhombisa ngokwayo, ukuba khona kwentokozo eyonakele kubo bobabili abazali kuyadingeka.
Fibrodisplazia
Isikhumba siyakwazi ukuba yi-flabby futhi sikhale ngaphambi kwesikhathi njengoba ezigulini ezinesihlalo esinamasondo. Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi izicubu, ama-tendon nama-ligaments zilukhuni esimweni sethambo, njengoba kwenzeka kubantu abanokuxilongwa kwe- "Fibrodisplasia". Kulokhu, isifo esingavamile esibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kofuzo okungathi sína, kune-assition kancane yezicubu ezithambile ezithambile. Njengomthetho, lesi sifo, amacala okokuqala abhaliswe ekuqaleni kwamakhulu eminyaka we-XVII-XVIII, atholakala ezinganeni ezine-genome eguqukayo eneminyaka engu-9-10 ubudala, ngemuva kwalokho kuyaqhubeka ukuthuthuka.
I-Fibrodisplasis i-sporadic - ibonakalisa emacaleni angawodwa. Yize kwaqoshwa amasalundela, lapho izizukulwane eziningana zahlulwa. Ngokusekelwe kula maqiniso, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi lesi sifo siyakwazi ukuthola ifa lomgomo ovelele we-autosomal, ukudlulisela abazali ukuthi bathole iziqu ezifanele ezinganeni.
I-Fibrodisplasis ingukuphakamisa okuqhubekayo (fop) okuqhubekayo (i-FOP) eqhubekayo ehlukile futhi kuholela ekwephule kokuhamba kwamathambo kanye nokushona kwasekuqaleni ngemuva kokushona - iziguli eziningi zifa kwabantu abasebasha nabancane.
Emnothweni we-encephalitis
Ngo-1917, isazi sezinzwa ezivela e-Austria, eKonstantin von Econom, okokuqala wachaza lesi sifo ukushaya iminyango ephakathi nezobuchopho, lapho umuntu elala, efuna ukulala kwangaphandle, ehlala ekwazi okwenzekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, wonke umzimba uhlanganisa ukukhubazeka, yingakho ukugula kuyeka ukuphendula ekuvuseleleni kwangaphandle. Isifo sokugula sabizelwa ukuhlonishwa komtholo waso - ubhubhane umnotho wezomnotho wezomnotho ococinom encephalitis. Futhi, wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isifo esilele" (okungafanele sidideke ne-African Tribanosomooma, ophethe yiwo ama-Muha Tsets).
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi odokotela banquma imbangela ye-Econayo Encephalitis ngakho-ke ayikwazanga. Abanye babheka leli gciwane elingaziwa, abanye - ukuphendula okungokomzimba okungajwayelekile komzimba, okuholela ekubhujisweni kobuchopho. Kuveze ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho kuxhumana nesiguli noma i-air-droplet. Uma ngesikhathi sesigaba esibi sokugula, esibonakaliswa nje yisimo sokulala, umuntu ngeke afe, emva kwesikhashana azolulama.
Ukwelashwa okukhethekile akukakakhiwa. Kuliqiniso, impilo esele yokunikezela izohlushwa ukubonakaliswa kwePostientephalitic Parkinsonism, ephathwa ngendlela efanayo nesifo sikaParkinson. Faka i-alaunch yohlu "Izifo ezinamagama" zimi futhi ngoba ngemuva kobhubhane, zigijima ngo-1915-1926 emhlabeni, ukutheleleka okukhulu kangaka kwe-Economo Encephalitis ayisasebenzi.
Inkusela karoderka
Iningi lezakhamizi zomhlabani zijwayele ukuthi ukutholakala kwesikhathi eside elangeni kungaholela esimweni esibi kunazo zonke eqinisweni lokuthi "isikhumba sizokhala." Ngasikhathi sinye, ukhohlwa ukuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet nayo ingaholela ekuqubukeni komdlavuza olimazayo. Futhi-ke bangaki abantu abangabanga ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga, enqunywe ubungqabavu bomzimba wayo. Kepha unesifo esingajwayelekile esibizwa nge- "Keroderma Pigment" ngenxa yokwanda kokuzwela kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet ithuba lokungavikeleki ngaphansi kwelanga.Lesi sifo silifa futhi okokuqala ngqa sizibonakalisa ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2-3. Umphumela uba ukubonakala ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-UV yokucasuka kwesikhumba, ukushiswa kanye nokuvuvukala okuholele ekutheni kube nokunqotshwa komdlavuza. Imbangela yalesi sifo - e-DNA elungisiwe yamaprotheni omsebenzi oncishisiwe wama-enzyme, ukunciphisa umthelela omubi we-ultraviolet kumaseli esikhumba. Futhi ezigulini ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuhlushwayo namehlo ahlupheka.
Hypertrichosis
Lapho abameleli be-haul-free bobungu bomuntu, izinwele zikhula zingene e-groin noma ezihlaseli ziyinto evamile. Lapho ubuso bendoda buhlobisa ngentshebe, amadevu noma bonke ndawonye, lokhu futhi akusikho ukuphambuka nhlobo. Kepha uma ukukhula ngokweqile kwezinwele, futhi kungakahambelani phansi nobudala, kubhekwa ezingxenyeni zomzimba, okujwayelekile (ngokwesibonelo, ebusweni, bese kuthi sekuyisifo ebizwa nge- "hyperitricrihoz".
I-Hypertrichosis ihlukaniswe ngokuzalwa futhi ayitholile. Esimweni sokuqala, imbangela iba ifa yofuzo elinephutha evela kumuntu ongumzali - ngenxa yobungqabavu bokudluliselwa, lolu hlobo luvame ukuboniswa kubafana. Uma kukhulunywa nge-pathology etholakele, kuyenzeka namantombazane ezimweni eziningi, futhi abafana ngenxa yokwephulwa kwezindlala zomsebenzi wemfihlo yangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ubulili. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo, ezinjenge-dystrophy yomgogodla noma i-anorexia yezinzwa, kanye nokulimala kwekhanda, indlala noma ukungasebenzi kwangaphakathi kuyakwazi izizathu.
I-trimetylaminoria
Iphunga elingathandeki livela emzimbeni ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okubalulekile ngokomzimba, akunakumangala muntu. Yebo, futhi "waphatha" inkathazo enjalo ngendlela elula - kudingeka kuphela ukugeza noma ukugeza ngaphansi kokugeza. Kepha izinketho ezinjalo zokuqeda "ama-ambre" ayingqayizivele azilungele iziguli ngokuxilongwa kwe-trimethnyalaminuria, eyaziwa nangokuthi "inhlanzi ye-Fish Peeddrome". Leli gama alinanzuzo - umoya "womfula" uvela ekuguleni, kwesinye isikhathi nge "Amanothi" angeziwe.Izifo ziphakama ngenxa yokwephulwa kwesibindi, ngenxa yokuthi i-enzyme iyeka ukukhiqizwa, ihlukanise i-trimethylamine n-oxide, esebenza njengephunga elibi, iyeka ukukhiqizwa. Ukuphazamiseka kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yeziphene ezingeni leGene. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme kubangela umthelela wezinto ezibhubhisayo ezibhubhisayo, ezinye izidakamizwa eziphikisana nomdlavuza, kanye ne-nicotine.
Ukungezwani okubandayo
Ngokufanayo, abantu abaneKeroderm, esevele bexoxiwe ngenhla ekukhetheni "kwezifo ezibucayi zomhlaba", isikhumba asikwazi ukuthwala ukuwa kwe-ultraviolet kanye nokuhlupheka okuvela kubanda (ama-urticaties abandayo), ngokusobala Ngaphandle kwegama, isembozo sesikhumba asikubekezeleli umthelela wokushisa okuphansi. Ukusabela kumakhaza kuvela ngenxa yokuphuma okungazelelwe kwama-histamine rashes ngendlela yezindawo ezibomvu ngokuvutha okuvuthayo nokuvutha. Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo "ezifriziwe" kuvame ukulungiswa.
Njengomthetho, ukuqubuka kubangelwa ukusabela komzimba esikhunjeni ngemuva kokuhlelwa kokuvezwa kwamazinga okushisa ayisaseyona eminye imizuzu. Kodwa-ke, amacala aqoshwa lapho ukucasulwa kudlula kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7 futhi kuhambisana nokuvela kwama-blisters noma ukuncipha. Futhi, lesi sifo siyakwazi ukudala isifuba somoya. Futhi ukusabela okukhulu ngokweqile ngokuhambisana nesikhumba kuvusa ukuvuvukala kwezitho zangaphakathi, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
I-urticaria ebandayo itholwa yithonya elivelele ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwezasetho jikelele - uhlobo lokugula olunjalo lubizwa ngokuthi "umndeni". Ukuphazamiseka kulwelwesi lwe-mastocyte (amaseli amhlophe egazi), atholakele futhi adalwe ngumthelela wezinto ezibonakalayo. Izimpawu zingazibonakalisa kunoma yimuphi unyaka, kepha zivame ukuhlupheka ngokushona kwabesifazane ngaphezulu kwama-30.