Phakathi kwezikhungo eziningi zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo eziseRussia Federation, i-athikili ehlukile "izindlu zikahulumeni", okuhloswe ngayo ukuthi impilo yagwetshelwa ukuphetha. Lawa majele ambozwe e-halo of inkazimulo embi, njengezikhungo ezimbi kakhulu zokulungiswa kwezimilo zaseRussia phakathi kokuthandwa: Izivakashi ezimbalwa "zasendaweni ezingaziqhenya ngentando nezinyawo zazo, futhi hhayi" ezindongeni zasejele Ngemuva kokufa. Ake sixoxe ngejele elithi "Polar Owl": lapho leli colony lokuhlelwa litholakala khona ohlala ezindongeni zalo futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi iziboshwa.
GELITAGE GULAG
I-Colony Colony No. 18, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "i-Polar Owl", itholakala esifundeni saseYamo-Nenets esifundeni, esigodini esibizwa ngeHarp, yasungulwa ngo-1961 esizeni sendawo enkulu yokwakha komgwaqo omkhulu we-transpolar Higholay. Ukwakhiwa kweGulag kukhangwa ngentshiseko ekwakhiweni kwegatsha lesitimela ku-47-53-m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu okuqala 'amavolontiya' okuqaliswa kwephrojekthi enkulu athunyelwa eqhweni lesifunda sasePolar kudala ngaphambi kokuba ingqalasizinda yenzelwe ukusinda.
Iziboshwa zamakamu, phakathi kwazo ezakuhlangana nazo zombili izigebengu kanye nezigebengu zempi zaphoqeleka ukuthi zikuhlomise indawo indawo yokuhlala yazo, zabekwa amatende wesikhashana, zakhiwa izimbumbulu ezakhiwe ezinikeza ukuvikela okungcono ku-junior frost, kwahlaselwa amatshe yindawo yocingo oluvinjelwe. Ukubalekela ezimweni zamakhilomitha ayikhulu acishiwe emaphethelweni eqhwa le-polar kuzoba yindlela ebuhlungu yokuzibulala.
Impilo yavuka kancane kancane, futhi hhayi ngaphandle kosizo lwezakhamizi zezindawo eziseduzane, ezizwelana neziboshwa kanye nezikhathi ezithile zasiza ngezinto zokuthola. Kodwa izimo zokusebenza ezisindayo - futhi zasebenza ukuthi zitholwe ngamahora angama-16 ngosuku - zithinte inhlala-kahle yabagibeli bakaBrikhi.
Vumela ngezikhathi ezithile, amaqembu eziboshwa athunyelwa eningizimu yekamu ukuba angafaki ukufa okukhulu, ngemuva kokuba yonke inani labafileyo babalwa izinkulungwane. Lowo ungowokusasa wokuthi ngemuva kokushona kukaStalin Highway, ngoba inani lalabo abashonile ekwakhiweni "kwalabo abafile, balahliwe, futhi iziboshwa zahlakazeka kwezinye amajele namakamu.
"Polar Owl"
Esikhundleni sodwa ePeninsula Yamal, eminyakeni eyi-8 kamuva, basungula umnyango wombuso wehabhu - baphinde bakhe ngamabutho okuboshwa. Kuvule ikholoni yeCorona, kusebenza isijeziso lapho kusebenza khona lapho kukhiqizwa amafektri efektri efektri.
Naphezu kwezimo eziqinile zesifunda sePolar, ekuqaleni i-ITC ibingahloselwe okuqukethwe kwempilo egwetshwe. Kuphela kuma-70s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule enza isiphakamiso sokuqala soguquko lwesikhungo siye eloloni lezigebengu eziyingozi ikakhulukazi, futhi lilethe izigebengu ezicacile lapho futhi zaqala kuphela ngo-1981.
Ekugcineni, isimo sesikhungo sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo kubantu abagwetshwe esiphethweni sesikhathi eside, size siphilele, leli jele "owl" litholwe ngasekupheleni kuka-2004 - ekuqaleni kuka-2005. By the way, njengasejele lejele elimnyama lehlengethwa, lesi sikhungo siphoqelekile ukuba sibe negama elingekho emthethweni elisegcekeni lesibazi.
Izimo zokuboshwa
"I-Polar Owl" - ejele, kubhekwe kahle omunye wesabekayo kakhulu eRussia. Iphuzu lapha alikho endaweni yendawo, futhi ngemuva kwakho konke, ngokusobala akunakwenzeka ukubiza i-polar ngentofontofo empilweni. Njengakwezinye izikhungo zohlelo lwaseRussia zokwenziwa kwemisho okuhloselwe isiphetho sezezigebengu eziyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinezikhathi ezinde, kufaka phakathi impilo egwetshwe, izimo zokuboshwa kulesi sikhungo aziyona ushukela.
Amakamelo, anikezwe yizakhamuzi zendawo, kungenzeka ukuthi abonakalise i-Ascetity: Ithebula, ibhentshi, itafula eliseceleni kanye nethebula lezinto, indawo yokucisha indawo, umbhede yebo ithangi lamanzi okugeza nokuphuza. Ukuphakamisa - ngo-6: 00, hug - ngo-22: 00, naphakathi kwabo - umsebenzi, amasheke nokuhamba. Izingxoxo phakathi kwamasayithi aqukethe egumbini elilodwa - kuphela ngokuhleba, ngesikhathi sokuhamba - anqatshelwe nhlobo.
Ukusuka kokuzijabulisa - umsakazo nezincwadi ngewashi lokuzilibazisa elifushane, elinikezwe yi-charter eqinile yokusungulwa kwezimilo, kanye kanye ngesonto - ukubuka amasosha noma amadokhumenti c DVD. Usuku lwe-bunny lokuntuleka kokugeza ngokwalo alunikezwe - kanye ngezinsuku eziyi-7 zecala zinelungelo lokuvakashela imizuzu eyi-10 eshawini.
Kunabantu abangu-1-2 emakamelweni. Ngokubekwa okuhlanganyelwe kwamamodeli, akhethwe ngesisekelo sokuhambisana kwezengqondo, ukukhiqiza ngezikhathi ezithile ukujikeleza ukuqeda ukwenzeka kwezimo zezingxabano. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezindlela ezinjalo zokuphepha aziqinisekisi ukuphepha okuphelele kweziboshwa - ngenxa yokuthi akuzona zonke izakhiwo zamakholoni afakwe amakhamera wevidiyo, kube nezimo zokucaphuna phakathi kwamamodeli, kubandakanya nomphumela obulalayo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi athi ukuba khona kokunye ukugcinwa kwegumbi lokugcina kugwetshwe ngezikhathi ezithile zohlobo oluthile lwamakamelo okugcina agwetshwe isikhathi esinqunyelwe empilweni, lapho isiboshwa siletha khona indawo eyanele ngezinto eziqoqiwe ekukhonzeni isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwabo ekoloni.
Iziboshwa zigwetshwe isikhathi eside esisebenza emabhizinisini afakiwe kwiColony eyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela esitshalweni se-zhbi kuya ejondolo. Ezinsizakalweni zabo futhi - isonto kanye neklabhu. Emishweni yokugcina, abavumeli abangaphili - bayenqatshelwe ukusebenza kuze kube ngu-2015, kodwa ngemuva kwalokho kwakhiwa kabusha umbuso.
Elahlwe yicala
Ijele elithi "Polar Owl" linjalo lapho imibono yangaphandle engakhiwa ngenani lokugcina lobulukhuni obunzima bemvelo ezungezile luhambelana ngokuphelele nokuqukethwe. Phakathi kokujeziswa kwenhlawulo engxenyeni yekoloni yokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo 18, abantu abaningi abaye benza amacala amaningi, noma amacala asabisayo.
Ngakho-ke, nansi umthetho wangaphambilini wezomthetho, obizwa ngokuthi "okukhulu kwegazi" ngokubulala esimweni sokudakwa kotshwala esitolo esikhulu saseMoscow, UDenis Essyukov . Manje uYise ufika e-Ex-Policeman, unkosikazi akazange aphume eMoscow.
Okunye Olahlwe yicala UDmitry Voronenko , i-maniac kanye nomdlwenguli, owamukela ngomhlatshelo ama-blondes amabi - adlwenguliwe futhi abulawa, angaba neminyaka engama-20 ubudala no-11, nje inqubo eyisisekelo "yokukhethwa kwegazi" okubhalwe. Izihlobo zabafi zifuna ukuba zisebenzise isigwebo sentambo ngokumelene nesigebengu, naphezu kokuvalwa kwezigebengu, kodwa iNkantolo Ephakeme ayizange iye kulokhu.
Ezandleni zika-Alexander Pichushkin, futhi zisebenzela isijeziso esingu "sePolar Owl", iGazi lingumuntu ongu-49 - lokhu kufakazelwa kuphela ngomphumela weziqephu. Waqala umsebenzi wobugebengu "oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala ngokubulawa komuntu ofunda naye ngo-Froftekhiliilius futhi wabizwa ngokuthi" uBittsev Marak "endaweni yokuzingela okuthandayo, indoda ngisho nangemva kokuqokwa komusho wokuphila kwagcina ukuzethemba ukuthi uzoqhubeka Ukufeza umsebenzi - Yenza ukubulala abangu-64, ngokushelela ngenombolo yamaseli e-Chessboard.
USergey Pomazun , Ukugenca izikhali zezempi zikababa kuphephile, kwavula lesi sigameko enkabeni yeBelgorod - ayisithupha, kuhlanganise nezinto ezimbili zesikole, eminyakeni eyi-16 no-14 ubudala zabulawa esingutsheni lakhe.
Ihlala e-IR-18 futhi Nurpashi kula Ku, okuwukuphela kwempi esondela, ehilelekile ekubumbeni kwesikole eBeslan, lapho kwafa abantu abangaphezulu kuka-300, abangu-186 babo abantwana. Ngendlela, wayesegumbini elilodwa eline-pichushkin ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa ngemuva kwalokho wayelalwa - ngenxa yezinsongo ezivela ohlangothini lwe-mamer wesaba impilo yakhe.
Kwi-akhawunti I-Abdufatto UZamanova Abantu abangu-14, nabahlanu babo asebenzelana nabo ngolunye usuku. Ngenxa yobufakazi bentokazi eyethusayo yecala lobugebengu, ama-ejensi okuqinisa umthetho akwazile ukubambezeleka kombulali ngesikhathi aze abe nesikhathi sokukwenza ngokwengeziwe.
Ngaphezu kwalabo ababhalwe ngenhla, ezindongeni zekoloni lokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ngobunzima obubandayo, ezinye izigebengu zihleli, ezinezenzo zazo zinengekile futhi zesaba ukwesaba. Kodwa-ke, hhayi kuphela amagama aphezulu abashokobezi, abaphangi, ababulali kanye nabadubuli, elinye lamajele abi kakhulu eRussia ayaziwa.
Amahlazo
Phakathi kwamacala aqhakazile okwenzeka endaweni yekoloni futhi embozwe ngentshiseko abezindaba, ihlazo elihambisana nokuqanjwa kwemihlathi yemihlathi yokulalela kungabikwa. Ngo-2011, kwatholakala ukuthi omunye wabasebenzi bezimilo abasingatheli esitshekweni somuntu waso phakathi kwalaba bashisekeli, obuphoqelela isijeziso sokubhala isikhalazo esibikezelekile emacaleni, okuthiwa yimizimba yokuphenya, okubizwa ngokuthi " I-Coolers ".
Phakathi kwe- "adaluliwe" ngenxa yomkhuba ononya kwamacala - labo abadale ukubambelela okukhulu ezweni lokubulawa kwentatheli u-Anna PopkovSkaya kusukela kuNovaya Gazette nasePaul KHLEBNIKOV, obhekise ekwahlukaniswe kwe-Russian of Forbes. Lapho abahambi betholakele ngenxa yokungabonakali kobufakazi bokuthi "ngaphansi" kugxiliwe, isisebenzi esivelayo sekoloni ngokwakhe saya eNara ngegunya elingaphezu kwegunya elisemthethweni.
Futhi ngonyaka ka-2018, ijele lamaPolar Owl liphawulwe ngomunye umcimbi obalulekile - kulo okokuqala embhalweni we-post-soviet waseRussia, wadedelwa edume ngokufa, I-Anvar Masalimov . Ekuqaleni, isilinganiso sokuvimbela ukuthi silahlwe yicala ngenxa yokwethulwa kwe-Moratorias esiphelweni sentambo sashintshwa saba isiphetho sempilo yonke, futhi ngemuva kweminye iminyaka engama-25, isicelo se-FDO ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwalesi sikhathi mayelana nezinguquko Emthethweni wezwe kwasulisiwe. Kodwa-ke, indoda, endle, echithwa emigodini ingqikithi yeminyaka engama-26,5, yayihlala isikhashana - kungekudala kwavalelwa izingxabano zasendlini, lapho ashaya khona ummese ophuzayo esiswini.
Yize ngezikhathi ezithile zenzeka emahoreni athi "polar owl" wokuzibulala nokubulala, etholwa yicala elinecala ejele efa ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo. Iningi lalabo abafa bangcwatshwa emathuneni angajulile ngeziphambano ezinezinombolo eduze kwalesi sidumbu - labo abalahla iziboshwa zabo ngokuvamile abafuni ukucosha izidumbu zezigebengu ezifile.