I-Biograge
Umlobi waseMelika uHermann Melville, abahlonishwayo babiza okunzima kakhulu futhi okujulile koMmunye owabhala ohlotsheni lwezothando. Esikhathini esedlule, umatimali onesibindi - wonaka, wathola udumo eminyakeni engama-30, kodwa wabe esephelelwa nguye, ngoba wahlala ethembekile kuye futhi akazange azame ukujabulisa ukunambitheka komphakathi. Igagasi lesibili lesithakazelo emsebenzini kaMelville laqala ngawo-1920, ngemuva kwempi yezwe yokuqala, ifinyelela inani eliphakeme ngawo-1950s. Umbhali waqashelwa njengezincwadi zezwe zakudala.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umbhali wenoveli edumile "I-Moby Dick" wazalwa ehlobo lika-1819 eNew York. Waba owesithathu o-Allan oyisishiyagalombili noMaria Melville.
Ugogo nomloba womlobi wesikhathi esizayo kwakungamaqhawe empi yenkululeko, eguqukayo. Omunye wabo ohlanganyele ePort Tea Party, eyesibili yayala ukuvikela iFort Stanvix ngo-1777.
Ubaba kaHermann uphethe kahle isiFulentshi futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi eYurophu, engumthengisi weFrance Haberdashery. Umama, ngaphezu kwesiNgisi, wafunda amaDashi futhi wayazi ngokuphelele iBhayibheli. Ingane yakusithathu yabhapathiza umpristi weBandla laseCalvinist. Umndeni wawuphila ekuchumeni, waqashwa izinceku futhi wathuthela njalo eminyakeni emi-4 enezindlu ezibanzi futhi ezihlonishwayo, ezilimele ekugcineni kwabangu-1820s on Broadway.
Lapho kwenzeka kamuva, inhloko yomndeni ayizange iphile ngezimali, lezo lezo lemali enkulu kababa, khona-ke kumkhwekazi ongumfelokazi. Ekugcineni, uMelville-Senior wakweleta imali enkulu, waphula, wephule isimilo, wabe esefa lapho uHerman eneminyaka eyi-13. Umfana akakwazanga ukuqeda isikole futhi waya ukwenza imali yomndeni.
Ngo-1838, uMelville wathatha amatilosi emkhunjini wokuhweba ngesiNgisi. Ngemuva kweminyaka eli-3, wathuthela kumhlaziyi we-whaling, waqalisa ulwandlekazi lwePacific. Lapho exabana nokaputeni, ngo-1842, uHerman nomngane bafika kwesinye seziqhingi zaseMarquis, bachitha amasonto ambalwa phakathi kwama-aboriginal anobungane.
Uphume kulesi siqhingi ngomkhumbi we-whale evela e-Australia. UHerman Melville angafika eSushi ngo-1844, afika eBoston.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu, njenge-biography yokudala kaHerman Melville, yayihlanganisa injabulo ekhazimulayo nokwehluleka nosizi oluvelele.Ngo-1847, umRomanist wayenomndeni. Unkosikazi u-Elizabeth mbukiso waveza umyeni wakhe wezingane ezine, amadodana namadodakazi anothando. Amadodana amabili, uStanvix noMalcolm, bafa bemncane. Omunye wamadodakazi ugula kakhulu, owesibili wafulathela uYise.
Umndeni wabantu ababenengqondo kaJehova baphonsa ubukhona obunesizotha. Isithombe sikaMelville sigcinwe, kodwa kwamukeleka ukuthi oshade naye nezingane babukeka kanjani.
Izincwadi
Ngaphandle konyaka omncane o-4, uzulazule wasunduza uHerman emisebenzini ebhaliwe. Njengoba esethole izinto ezicebile entsheni, futhi wacela amakhasi, ashiye emphemeni, uMelville oneminyaka engu-25 akazange anqikaze futhi ngokushesha wathatha ipeni. Ama-Essays okuqala angamanoveli "we-Thai" kanye ne- "WOW" - aqhamuka ngo-1846 kwathi ngo-1847 futhi amukelwa ngemfudumalo abafundi.
Ngo-1848, uMelville ushicilele incwadi entsha - uMardi Roman. Ujabulele imisebenzi emibili yokuqala, ukukhanya nokugcwala, abalandeli babuhlungu kakhulu: umlobi washintsha umqondo nohlobo.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1840s, i-Bibliography yagcwaliswa eminye imisebenzi emibili - izincwadi ze- "Radburn" ne "White Bushlat". Manje abafundi bazwile kakhulu izithelo ze-Fuba prosaik. Izincwadi bezingathengiswa, ezithinta isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo zomndeni wakwaMelville.
Ngo-1851, umbhalisi wethule umsebenzi wobuciko waKhe obizwa ngokuthi "uMoby Dick, noma ikhithi emhlophe". Inoveli kwakungeyona inkomba ye-adventure. Lo msebenzi wawucwiliswa ngumfundi eqinisweni elimnandi, lapho okuphambene nakho kuphathwe khona, futhi umkhomo ngokwawo uqobo ubonakalisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu, kungaba yini udeveli. Phakathi kwabantu abaningi - bobabili abafundi nabagxeki - inoveli yefilosofi ezonweni.
Ukusabela okunjalo ebuhlotsheni obuphoqiwe uHerman Melville ukuphrinta imibhalo elandelayo ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym. Ngo-1855, inoveli engokomlando mayelana ne-Hero-Revolutionary izrael potter, ngonyaka olandelayo, yashicilelwa "izindaba zeVeranda". Kepha mibili le misebenzi nalokhu okulandelayo ayibuyiswanga embhalweni wenkazimulo yangaphambili.
Inkondlo "Clalleyl" ayizange yamukele umphakathi. Umsebenzi wokugcina uyindaba mayelana namatilosi BILLY Badde - waphela ngoMelville ngo-1891, kodwa washicilelwa kuphela ngo-1924. Incwadi yangena esikhwameni segolide sezincwadi zaseMelika nezomhlaba, kepha umbhali akazange akubone lokhu. Kungemva kokushona kwamanoveli ahlakazeka ngezingcaphuno, futhi izintshisekelo zakwama-classics zavela kumalodomu wezimbango ezifana.
Ukushona
I-classic yafa ngoSepthemba 1891 ebuphofini nokubanjwa. Imbangela yokufa yayihluleka inhliziyo. UMelville waphenduka eneminyaka engama-72 ubudala.Amacaphuna
"Ngingumuntu, ngibuthakathaka, kepha ngikulungele ukulwa nawe, ngokhahlo, nginesimo somoya kusasa!" "Isiwula esikhulu sihlala sithikameza okuncane" lapho bezalwa khona lapho bezalwa khona Imizamo ozoyisebenzisa ukuze ujabulise umhlaba, ukubonga okuncane okulindile! "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1846 - "TYII, noma ukubheka ngokushesha impilo yePolynesia"
- Ngo-1847 - "OMA: Indaba ekhuluma ngezikhathi eziseningizimu"
- Ngo-1849 - "Mardi futhi uhambe lapho"
- Ngo-1849 - "Redburn: Uhambo lwakhe lokuqala"
- I-1850 - "I-White Bushlate, noma Impi ye-SIP World"
- Ngo-1851 - "I-Moby Dick, noma i-White Kit"
- Ngo-1852 - "Pierre noma I-Amiguity"
- Ngo-1855 - "" Umbumbi wakwa-Israyeli. Iminyaka Engamashumi Amahlanu Yokuxoshwa Kwakhe "
- Ngo-1856 - "Izindaba zeVeranda"
- Ngo-1857 - "Isibonisi: I-Masquerade Yakhe"
- Ngo-1865 - "Izimo zempi nezinhlangothi ezahlukene zempi"
- Ngo-1876 - "Clarel: inkondlo kanye nokuhambahamba kwezwe elingcwele"
- Ngo-1888 - "UJohn Marror nabanye amatilosi"
- Ngo-1891 - "Timoleon"
- Ngo-1891 - "Billy Bad, iFomu-Marsa Sailor"