I-Biograge
U-Andre Breton uyimbongi nomlobi wengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, elibizwa ngokuthi umsunguli we-SurreAlism. Ukubhalwa kwakhe kungokwama-manifestos ama-2 ngale ndlela yobuciko. I-MyTifier enkulu, wakwazi ukubonwa hhayi kuphela ezincwadini kuphela, kodwa futhi nasepende.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Andre Breton wazalelwa edolobheni laseFrance Tensbub ngoFebhuwari 19, 1896. Abazali bakhe babengama-orgeois. Ubaba wabamba isikhundla sokubhala eGendarmerie, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wathuthela emisebenzini yezentengiselwano. UBreton uthole imfundo yamabanga aphansi esikoleni sesonto, wabe esengena ekolishi. Esikhathini esizayo, wahlela ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eSorbonne, njengoba ephupha ngokuba ngudokotela.
Kamuva, u-Andre waba ngumfundi we-paris University enhle kakhulu, kodwa wathatha indawo izintshisekelo, akhetha ukufundwa kwengqondo. Wafunda imisebenzi kaSigmund Freud noJean Marten Shark. Mhlawumbe bekunjalo ngaleso sikhathi lapho le nsizwa yaqala ukucabanga ngesizinda se-surrealism. Ngo-1915, uBreton wabiza ibutho futhi wabizwa ngensizakalo ye-invropsychiatric.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umfazi wokuqala u-Andre Breton waba uSimon Kahn, ajwayelene naye owabanjwa ngo-1920. Impilo yomuntu siqu yalo mbhangqwana yayibonakala inokuthula. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka eyi-11. Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso seZiyoni sashada kabusha futhi saba yinkosikazi yegalari enkulu kunazo zonke yobuciko besimanje.Ngo-1934, iBreton yabopha impilo yomuntu siqu ngeWahlanga lomculi uJacqueline. Ukusuka kulo mshado, kwathatha iminyaka eyi-9, le ndodakazi yasala.
Ngemuva kokuhlukana nomkami, washada nomculi ngu-Eliz Breton, ahlala kuwo waze washona.
Ukudala
Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe I, uBreton wabuyela eParis, futhi e-biography yakhe yaqala ngesiteji esihambisana nezincwadi. Ukujwayelana nomlobi waseGuyoma Apolliner kanye nobudlelwano obunobungane nabantu bakhe abanomqondo ofanayo bavulela umhlaba omusha. I-Apollyer eyethulwe iBreton noPhilip Suca Suco.
Izinyathelo zokuqala emkhakheni wemibhalo ye-Breton Breton azibonanga njengomsebenzi onzima. Ngokubambisana noSudoo, wabhala indaba ye-run ebizwa ngokuthi "amasimu kazibuthe". Abaqabulayo babelana ngemibono nge-psychology nezincwadi. Incwadi yabo isibe yisibonelo sendlela yencwadi ezenzakalelayo, kanye ne-harbinger ye-surrealism.
Kancane kancane ukuthandwa kweBreton kwakhula. Ubesesisekelweni sobuntu bokudala, phakathi kwabo kwakunguLouis Aragon, uTzanta Tzar nabanye. Abantu babedume ngokudala imibukiso yemisebenzi, amahlazo kanye nokuhlanganyela ekulweni.
I-Ioutheni engenele, akunakwenzeka ukunqoba idumela eliqinile, kwathi ngo-1924, uBreton wabhala eyokuqala "ebonakalayo ye-surrealism", eyachaza uhlelo lokuhamba. Umbhali ogama lakhe lingu-Apoller. U-Andre ukholelwa ukuthi kwakha i-verector yezobuciko, kanye nendlela yokuphila kanye nemicabango, lapho kungekho ndawo yokubandlululwa, ama-stereotypes, isimilo kanye nomqondo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi wombhali waqala ukuzibonakalisa, ngenxa yalokho indawo yakhe yayiguquka njalo. USalvador Dli noLuis Bunel bafika bamthatha indawo yakhe nge-EnCoo nase-Aragon. EManifesto yesibili, enyatheliswa ngo-1929, kwaba nokukhiqizwa okuningi komsebenzi. Imibuzo echazwe ye-opus echazwe. Imizwa yamaKhomanisi etholakele kuyo nge-surrealism, kepha yabukeka ngamabomu. Kusukela ngo-1927 kuya ku-1933 u-Andre, uBreton wahlanganisa neqembu lamaKhomanisi, elabuye lashintsha umbuthano wabantu abanomqondo ofanayo. Umlobi waze waba nomhlangano womuntu siqu neLVOD Trotsky eMexico.
Indlela yencwadi ezenzakalelayo ayisetshenziswanga ezincwadini kuphela, kodwa futhi nokupenda. Ucingo lwakhe olukhulu kwakuwukuthi "cisha ikhanda" futhi ubonane nokwazi. Phakathi kwemidwebo ebhalwe ngu-Andre, i- "Paracella" idumile kakhulu. Ubuqambi beBreton buhlukile kulokho emisebenzini ajoyine ubuciko nezinkondlo, esikhundleni samazwi ezithombe zezinto.
Umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu wokubhala womsunguli ochwepheshe be-surrealism Cabanga ngenoveli ethi "Nadya", ebhalwe ngo-1928. Wayehambisana nemifanekiso yombhali. Incwadi futhi yaba yisibonelo "sokuqhosha".
Umhlaba wesibili waphoqa uBreton ukuthi ahambe e-United States, lapho aqhubeka khona endabeni yobuciko, wayengumngane no-Ernst Dushan futhi wavula umbukiso wezobuciko wamazwe omhlaba. U-Andre Breton wamenywa ukuba afunde izinkulumo eYale University. Kunezithelo ikakhulukazi kuye kwakungu-1946. Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila umbhali onikezelwe emzabalazweni wokuzimela kwe-surrealism. UBreton waphikisana nokoloni kanye nezimpi e-Algeria nase-Indochite.
Ukushona
U-Andre Breton wahlaselwa yisifo sepheshana lokuphefumula, okwakuyimbangela yokufa komlobi ngoSepthemba 28, 1966. I-Surrealism Rodonarchist engcwatshwe emathuneni ama-boottool. Ukuze ube inkumbulo, umbhali ushiye isithombe, i-bibliography ehlaba umxhwele evela ezincwadini ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kanye nemidwebo.I-Bibliography
- 1919 - "Amandla kazibuthe"
- Ngo-1924 - "Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Surrealism: Izinhlanzi ezincibilikayo"
- 1928-1963 - "Nadia. Owesifazane uguqulwe abe yincwadi "
- Ngo-1929 - "Isibonakaliso Sesibili Sokuqina"
- 1932 - "Imikhumbi Ebikayo"
- 1934 - Ukuqoqwa kwe-Essay "Dawn"
- Ngo-1937 - "Uthando Oluhle"
- 1940 - Inkondlo "Fata Morgana"
- 1940 - "I-Anthology of Black Amahlaya"
- 1942 - "Surrealism phezu kwe-manifesto yesithathu, noma cha"
- 1945 - "I-Arkan 17"
- 1948 - "Isibani Ewashi"