Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII Phere Pitro, efuna ukuqinisa ithonya lezwe olwandle, lwayalwa ukuba senzele izikebhe, akwazi ukumelana nanoma yisiphi isitha. Kusukela ngesikhathi lapho imikhumbi yakhiwa khona ngesimemezelo sombusi wokuqala waseRussia, imikhumbi yehliswa, yadlula iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300. Ngesikhathi esidlule, ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi sebeshintshile, imikhumbi ngokwayo inezinto ezibonakalayo "ezikhule" ngokusobala, futhi imikhumbi yaseRussia, icishe ibe ngoshonile ngemuva kokuwohloka kwe-USSR, ngokuziqhenya yaphakamisa isibhengezo somunye wabanamandla emhlabathini.
Vumela imikhumbi eminingi eyenziwe eSoviet Union, kepha ukubuyiselwa okusha kwe-RF Navy bekulungiselelwe, futhi i-vithazi yakudala "ibhekene nesimanjemanje - njengoba ibizwa ngokuthi izici nezinkulungwane ziyimpi enkulu kakhulu ye I-Russian Fleet nalapho benza khona "umvuzo" womdondoshiya omkhulu wasolwandle, uzotshela ku-24CMI.
"Imikhumbi ye-Admiral yeSoviet Union of Kuznetsov"
"Imikhumbi ye-Admiral yeSoviet Union of Kuznetsov" - umkhumbi omkhulu kunawo wonke emikhunjini yamasosha aseRussia kanye ne-cruiser ye-cruiser eyodwa enomusa (iTavkr), ehlanganisa ekwakhiweni kwezinzuzo zomthwali wendiza, ku Ideski layo elingenzeka ngalo futhi lilondoloze izindiza ezingama-28 nezinto ezinophephela emhlane nemishini enezikhali ze-rocket.Amadlozi
"Kuznetson" kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi 1143 "Drain", abadali babo ababengabasebenzi be-NEVSKY PCB ngaphansi kobuholi be-Arkady Marinich. Emidwebo ethuthukisiwe kusuka ngo-1970 kuya ku-1978, kwakhiwa ama-avince Cruisers. I-1143 ngokwayo ukuqhubeka komugqa we- "Condor" (1123), okubandakanya izimoto ezilwa nokulwa nezimoto zomkhumbi-helikopta, eklanyelwe ukuthola nokubhubhisa imigwaqo yesitha esingenzeka.
Imikhumbi eyenziwe ngaphansi kwephrojekthi ngo-1143 yayingenawo umpheme wokufika ogcwele - ukuhamba okuthe mpo nokufika kwendiza (i-SVP) yayisekwe enophephela emhlane ye-ka-26 nenani eliphelele elifinyelela ezingxenyeni ezingama-36. Kepha umkhuba wokusebenzisa wakhombisa ukunganaki indawo yokuhlala emikhunjini yakwaYak-38. Indiza yayingenayo esiteshini se-radar esiseBrithani kuneBritish-Bomber-Bomberder "Harrier" yayiphansi ngokwesici, futhi yahlukaniswa yizikhali ezibuthakathaka.
Ukwehluleka ukufaka ifayili
Ngenxa yezinkinga ezitholakele ngokusetshenziswa kwe-SVP kanye nokuntuleka kwe- "Yaki" ephakeme, ezinye izindlela zinesidingo sokuthuthukiswa kwemikhumbi ekwazi ukuhamba ngohlelo lokuthatha inkambiso lokuhamba. Sekukonke, kwasungulwa imikhumbi emi-3 kuphrojekthi eqedwe ngo-1981:- "Hlukanisa" (1143.6), ebekwe ngo-1985 futhi wabanjwa ngemuva kokuwohloka kwe-USSR esimweni esingapheliyo e-Ukraine, esithengise "yilifa" abuyisa umkhumbi emhlanganweni wendiza wendiza;
- I- "Ulyanovsk" (1143.7), izimpawu ezivelele zokufakwa kwezimoto zenuzi kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-catapult okuvuselelwe, - ukusungulwa komkhumbi kwaqala ngo-1988, kodwa eminyakeni emine i-Cruiser yahlasela imijaho ngenxa yesimo sezomnotho esibi kakhulu umbuso;
- "I-Admiral Kuznetsov" (I-Heavy avince Cruiser yephrojekthi 1143.5), "Brainchild" yokuqala yephrojekthi eguquliwe, eyakhiwa ngo-1991 ekwakhiweni kwamasosha aseRussia, ezikhundleni zazo Uphethe ngaphambi kuka-2018, lapho kuthunyelwa ekwenzeni izinto zesimanje kanye nemishini ephindaphindwayo kwisitshalo sokulungisa umkhumbi, lapho ekuqaleni kuka-2020 Yenza ukulungiswa kanye nemishini kabusha yomkhiqizo.
Amagoli
Umsebenzi ophambili we-743.5 "Admiral Kuznettova" eyenziwe ngaphansi kwephrojekthi kwaba ukusebenza komsebenzi wokuvikela. Umkhumbi uqinisekisile ukuphepha kwama-atomic angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni zokulwa nokuhambahamba nokuphepha ezingcupheni ezinkantolo, kwacekelwa phansi ekufuneni kwamandla angaphansi kwamanzi nangaphezulu. Futhi, imisebenzi ye-chictuiser yendiza ifaka ukumboza ukufika kokufika kwamandla amabutho asemanzini adinga usizo. Umsebenzi osondelene nosongo lwamanye abantu ukuze usongela ukuhlaselwa kwezindiza emsebenzini obekwe ngabadali bomkhumbi omkhulu wezempi yaseRussia, akufakiwe.
Izici ze-Tactical nezobuchwepheshe
Ngokuthengiswa okuphezulu kakhulu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-61 we-TBCR, ubukhulu bokuthi:- Ubude bekhala kuya emgodini bungu-306 m;
- Ububanzi - abangama-72 m endaweni ebanzi kakhulu;
- Ukuphakama okuphelele - 65 m.
I-CATANIC ArMOR, nge-COMTRICUCTION "Compartments", Ukuvikelwa kweTorpedo kuqukethe izingqimba ezi-3. Ukufakwa kwemisipha (i-cutlubbin enezinsimbi ezi-4) ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ijubane kuze kufike ku-54 km / h (ama-node angu-29). I-Stroke Reserve - kusuka kumamayela ayizinkulungwane ezi-4 kuye kwayi-9 kuye ngejubane.
Ebhodini i-Cruiser ithwala izakhiwo ze-radar ne-navigation imishini, i-anti-air, izindiza, izindiza zokulwa nokulwa nezikhali ze-rocket kanye ne-res Complet - okwamanje iyabuyekezwa. Ku-Flight Deck kuvunyelwe ukuthi kususelwa ezindizeni ezifika ku-50 (SU-33, uMig-29, SU-27) nama-Helikopta (Ka-27, ka-29).
Inani leqembu labantu babantu abangama-1960. Isikhathi sokudonswa ngokuzimele - izinsuku ezingama-45.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Kusuka kumadijithi we-Misser wezimpawu ukuhambisa ezithakazelweni ezithakazelisa kakhulu - amaqiniso anelukuluku ahlotshaniswa ne-Heavy Air Cruiser "Admiral Kuznetov".
Pseudonym osebenzayo
Igama lakhe lamanje lingumkhumbi omkhulu wezempi wezemikhumbi yaseRussia hhayi ngokushesha. Lapho kuklanywa ku-KB, kwahlelwa umkhumbi ukubiza iSoviet Union. Esigabeni sokubeka, lesi sinqumo sabuyekezwa - umkhumbi uthole igama elithi "Riga".Kepha ngesikhathi sokwakha, unobhala wokuqala weKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU washona ngoNovemba 10, 1982. Mayelana nenhlekelele ngoNovemba 22, i-Cruiser yaqanjwa kabusha kabusha uLeonid Brezhnev, enikeza inkokhiso yokukhumbula umholi wezwe. Ngegama likanobhala jikelele jikelele ogibele iTavkr futhi wehla emanzini ngoDisemba 4, 1985 - Ukuqedwa kwaqhubeka lapho kutholakala khona.
Ngo-Agasti 1987, ubuholi bomkhumbi buthathe isinqumo sokuthi "ubusuku bonke" umkhumbi waphinde waba ngumkhumbi - manje isinkwa se-Cruiser-indiza saphenduka i-tbilisi. Ngaphansi kwegama lenhloko-dolobha ye-GEORgia SSR, umkhumbi wedlula kuze kube sekupheleni ovivinyweni lwango-1990, ngemuva kwalokho, ngo-Okthoba 4, waqanjwa ngokuthi uNikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetov - unesihloko seqhawe seSoviet Union Admiral, walibangisa isihloko I-USSR Navy kusukela ngo-1939 kuya ku-1946 nango-1951 kuya ku-1953.
Amaplamu wesampula
Kuze kube ngu-1989, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kuphela ne-SVP zasusa emphemeni wemikhumbi yaseSoviet. NgoNovemba 1, Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, edeskini lapho-ke uTbilisi wenza indawo yokuqala evundlile ye-SU-27K ephethe i-Su-27K ephethe umshayeli wendiza yokuhlola iViktor Pugachev. Futhi owokuqala ukuthatha uhambo nohlobo, uMig-29K ngeToktar Aubacirov njengoba kuhanjiswe umshayeli.
Isigameko Esiwusizo
Isiboshwa ngo-1936, umhlangano iMontreux maqondana nokulawulwa kweBosphorus nama-Dardanelles, anqabela ukudlula kwezithwali zendiza emanzini asolwandle amnyama, ashiye ilungelo lokuvakashela imikhumbi eqondile. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkontileka ibhalisiwe ukuthi uma izenzo zendiza akuyona inhloso enkulu yomkhumbi, khona-ke, ngisho nokuhlotshwa emphemeni wendiza, umkhumbi onjalo awuthathwa njengothwala izindiza. Izici ezakhayo, izikhali zamarokhethi kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngokuthi "i-avianest cruiser" kwenza "ummeli weznetov" okuwukuphela komthwali wendiza, ovunyelwe ukuba abe ngamanzi olwandle amnyama.Ifoniya
NgoDisemba 2019, lapho kudlula i-cruiser yesimanje nemishini yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha esiteshini sokulungisa umkhumbi, kwaqhamuka umlilo wamamitha ayi-600 ngomkhumbi. m, ukuqedwa kwawo ukuchitha usuku. Ngenxa yalesi sigameko, kwafa abantu abangu-2, kwathi abangu-12 bavuthelwa ukushiswa nokulimala. Lesi sigameko sisuse isikhathi sokuvuselelwa kokuvuselelwa kwe-Cruiser yonyaka.
Kuthule kuthule eYurophu, noma kuma-traitors
Ezikhundleni zemikhumbi yasenyakatho, lapho i- "Kuznetova" yabhalisa khona ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1991, kepha umkhumbi wasala emanzini aseduzane naseSevastopol. Kodwa-ke, ngoNovemba, umkhushuli womkhumbi uViktor Yarygin wamukelwa ngoMlayezo we-Telegraph ovela kuLeonid Kravchuk, ohoxisile ukuthi uhlobo lungelo lwayo lwe-Ukraine futhi kufanele luhlale emanzini alo.
Umkhuzi wanaka ukuthi i-referendum enkululeko ayikayenziwa futhi imfundo yombuso, njenge-Ukraine, ayikabi nayo, futhi yanquma ukwenza ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yobuholi be-USSR neyomuntu uqobo efike Isikhulu se-Counter-Admiral yury ustimno.
Ngobusuku bukaNovemba 30, "KuznetOv" wasuka eSevastopol wahlasela futhi walibangisa eBosphoro. Kwaphela izinsuku ezingama-25, sengikhuthaze iYurophu, i-Aviince Cruiser yafika eViyeevo.
Ingxenye yabashayeli bezindiza nendiza enomkhumbi wokubhukuda ayishiyanga, asele eSevastopol. Abanye benqabile ukubhukuda e-Ukraine futhi kamuva baba yisisekelo senhlangano yama-279th Russian of Ship Avition. Isifungo sase-Ukraine samukelwa ngokushesha saxoshwa - izwe lalingenayo imikhumbi ye-avince.