I-Biograge
NgoJulayi 2018, iminyaka engama-45 ngemuva kokushona kwembongi yaseChile nomculi uViktor Hara noMqondisi weGendarmerie, u-Ittre Kirogov, isigwebo sokugcina senziwa sinecala lobugebengu. Amasosha ayisishiyagalombili kwangaphambili ayisishiyagalombili anikeza iminyaka eyi-18 ejele - 15 Ngoba icala uqobo lalo futhi 3 ngamacala okuthola imihlatshelo, futhi liphoqelekile ukubakhokhela izihlobo ezingaphezu kwama- $ 2 million. Njengoba wazi, umfazi womculo ovela ku Usuku lokufa komyeni wakhe aluyekile ukufuna ubulungiswa kwenzeka.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1932, umhlaka 28, abalimi baseManuel Hara no-Amanda Martinez, bavela umntwana wesine uViktor Lidio. Phambi kwakhe, abashadikazi babandakanyeka ekukhulisweni kukaMariya abaphezulu, uHehoraardo no-Eduardo. Endaweni yokuzalwa kwesisulu sesikhathi esizayo sempi, i-Augusto Pinochet, imibono yabacwaningi isalokhu: Iphuzu elithile eliya eSan Ignacio, abanye - eChile Boiejo, owesithathu - eKirikina Island. Kamuva, kanye nomndeni wakhe bathuthela eLonken.
Ubaba onomama kusukela ekuntweleni kokushona kwelanga wanyamalala emasimini, asebenze emhlabeni omkhulu womhlaba, kodwa kwakungekho mholo omkhulu: kwakukhona imali eyanele yokudla okunesizotha nezingubo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, abazali kusukela esemncane baheha amadodana namadodakazi akhe ukuba basebenze, kepha lokhu akuzange kuthuthukise isikhundla sabo. Inhloko yomndeni ayikwazanga ukondla amakhaya, yaqala ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, futhi ekugcineni, yashiya umkakhe nezingane zayo.
Kuvela ku-Amanda, uViktor wadluliselwa emandleni okudala. Owesifazane kahle unezinsimbi ezimbili zomculo futhi wenziwa emicimbini yendawo njengomenzi wezingoma zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nomyeni wangaphambili, wagcizelela ukuthi ngalinye lezindlalifa lizofundiswa futhi libe ngumsebenzi omuhle. Ubuye wagxila entshisakalweni yomfana ku-Art and Rural Teacher, owadubula igumbi endlini yabo: Indoda ifundise ukudlala isiginci.
Ngenxa yengozi (i-boiling yamanzi ebilayo yawela komunye wodadewabo be-martinez), umndeni wawuseStantiago, lapho izingane zaziphinda zashintsha isikole, futhi umama waphinda washintsha isikole, futhi umama wabeka umpheki nge-cavo eshibhile. Ngemuva kwalokho, wakwazi ukunqwabelanisa imali ethile futhi avule indawo yokudlela encane yabasebenzi. Ngakhe kwakukhona isitolo sewayini lapho u-Omar Pulgar, owaba ngumeluleki olandelayo kaVictor.
Ngokuqondene nemfundo, le nsizwa yaqala yafunda ngezindleko, kodwa ngenxa yokufa kukamama yaphonsa lo msebenzi futhi yaxazulula ifenisha enkulu. Ngemuva kwalokho wangena emfundweni yokuhleleka koMsindisi oNgcwele, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 wamshiya.
"Ngaba nobudlelwano obuthile nebandla, futhi ngaleso sikhathi ngathola indawo yokukhosela kuyo. Bengicabanga ukuthi isonto lizongitshela indlela kwamanye amanani, lizosiza ekutholeni uthando olujulile, okuthi, mhlawumbe, oluzobuyisela ukungabikho kothando lomuntu. Ngacabanga ukuthi lolu thando enkolweni, lube ngumpristi, "umcili lomculi wachaza isinqumo sakhe.Njengoba sesinikeze isikweletu ekhaya futhi sasebenza esikoleni sezinsana, le nsizwa ngemuva kokubamba ama-ambulensi weSanitar, yabe isijoyina iChile University Chile, esishiye nozakwabo ekuhambeni kwalo. Ngo-Mashi 1956, uHara wajoyina i-University of Chile ohlelweni lwezemidlalo futhi wathola ngisho nomfundaze.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukujwayelana kukaVictor nonkosikazi wesikhathi esizayo - I-British Joan Alison Turner yenzeka ngo-1961, lapho efunda eyunivesithi, futhi yena, owayengukuphela kwe-National Ballet Chile, wanikeza izifundo zokudansa esikoleni saseshashalazini eyunivesithi. Ngemuva kowesifazane owuthandile, umculi wanakekela izithandani, ngokwesibonelo, ukuzophakamisa isimo sakhe ngemuva kwalesi sifo, anciphise isixha sezimbali ziqonde emibhedeni yezimbali epaki.Impilo yomuntu siqu ibibumbene, abathandi kungekudala bashada futhi bathatha imfundo yezingane - indalo ye-Manuela, emadodakazini okuqala kaJoan, no-Amanda, aqanjwe ngegama u-Mama Victor.
Umlingani womphefumlo wawungenandaba nomyeni wakhe nalapho ebulawa ngesihluku, wathi wayeseshonile naye ngasikhathi sinye. Wayengakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ngomshado ophindaphindwayo, uthando lwalo lwalunamandla ka-Viktor.
Ezepolitiki kanye nobuciko
Ngo-1957, umuntu ojwayelene noVictor nomculi uParre wajwayelani, ngenxa yalokho umculi we-novice athole ulwazi oludingekayo emkhakheni wezomculo wabantu. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, wabopha i-biography yakhe yokudala nethimba leCunCEN Folk.
Kancane kancane, uHara, owasala ezikhundleni zezepolitiki, wafaka izwe lakhe lomdabu, waphenduka indatshana yezingoma zombhali. "Indoda enesiginci" yaqopha izingoma, yabamba iqhaza emibonisweni, kwathi ngemuva kokuvakashela iCuba, lapho i-Fidel Castro yahlatshwa umxhwele yizenzo zikaFidel, kanye nezakhamizi zayo ezivulekile, akekho noyedwa owehlile Ngokunqotshwa kweCosmos, wajoyina iqembu lamaKhomanisi.
Wayevame ukunikela izingoma zakhe zenkululeko ye-Che Guevar, uSalvador Alende no-A Chi min. Le ndoda yakhipha i-purbut albhamu vím Jara (Geografía) ngo-1966 kanye nemibuzo edumile "ngePuerto Monte" ngonyaka we-1969, eyayiqukethe ukumangalelwa okuqondile kohulumeni abampofu bezindlu zabampofu.
Eminyakeni yama-70s, uHara wawusekela ngenkuthalo umuntu okhethwa nguMengameli u-Alende, ehlanganyela ngokuzithandela emkhankasweni wakhe okhethweni futhi anikeze amakhonsathi amahhala ngesikhathi sakhe. Kumbhangqwana nomkakhe, umculi owabamba isikhundla salowo mqondisi wezemidlalo futhi akazange akhohlwe ngemisebenzi yokufundisa eyunivesithi yezobuchwepheshe, waba yinto ebalulekile yokuvuselelwa kwamasiko eChile.
"Ngifuna abafana bethu babe nethuba lokukhulisa, noma ngabe babhala umculo, noma ngabe i-ore imbiwa ukuthi isinkwa sikhulile. Amathuba anjalo avezwa nguhulumeni wobumbano lukazwelonke. Izinguquko esibambana nazo zingenzeka kangcono lokho okungenzeka ezweni lakithi, "kusho yena.Konke kwashintsha ngenxa ye-Septhemba 1973 Coup, eyenzeka ngokusekelwa kwe-United States.
Ukushona
Ekuseni ngoSepthemba 12, 1973, amasosha aseChile wabamba uHaru, owayeseyunivesithi, futhi kanye nezinkulungwane zezisulu ezifanayo zadonswa enkundleni yaphenduka ikamu lokuhlushwa langempela. Izinsuku ezine ngaphezulu kweViktor, zihlekwe ngonya (zethule ubuso namanje, bashaya ubuso nezinhloso nezinhloso zezikhali, baphule iminwe nezindawo zabo ezingama-30, baphoxe izandla zabo) ngokuxhasa ama-chile's ukunyakaza kwamaKhomanisi.Ekugcineni, abahlushwa bamcela ukuba acule ingoma ethile. Umculi ngaphambi kokufa okungenakugwemeka akazange ashintshe izimiso zawo futhi agcwalise umbhikisho "sizophumelela." Esikhathini masinyane ngokushesha emva kwalokho, kwaba nesibhamu ekhanda, okwakuyimbangela yokufa, khona-ke isidumbu sandiswa yizinhlamvu ezingama-44.
Ngisho nangaphansi kokuhlukunyezwa, umuntu akazange akhohlwe umkakhe amthandayo, ahlele ukuze owesifazane anikeze umyalezo amthandayo, nalapho imoto yayo epakiwe khona. UJoan ngemuva kokuhlonza wangcwatshwa ngasese umlingani osemathuneni amakhulu futhi washiya izwe ngokushesha. Kamuva, wanikela impilo yakhe yonke ekukhuleni kwenkumbulo yeHara, ukulondolozwa kwefa lakhe futhi kwathola ababulali ukuhlupheka.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-2018, uLieutenant Pedro Barmetos, uLieutenant Colonel Hugo, Roberto Sapra, Louis BETKE noJorge Aster Bianchi, Nelwin Assa, Louis BETKE NOKWINI WOKUGCINA KWESIKHATHI SANTIAGO VASQUEZ uthole imigomo yangempela yejele. Enye impi ethathe umhlalaphansi yaqokelwa iminyaka emi-5 eboshwe ngamacala afihlekile.
NgoJanuwari 11, 2019 Netflix ekhishwe ifilimu elishicilelwe kabusha: Ukubulawa kwabantu enkundleni, okuqukethe izithombe ezingandile, ividiyo kanye nezingxoxo, kanye nesitatimende sebharimentos mayelana nobuna obumsulwa.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngenkumbulo yeVictor Hare, iplanethi encane iqanjwe ngegama (2644), ivulekile nge-Astromer of the Africaan Astrophysical Orgatory Nikolai Black ngoSepthemba 22, 1973.
- Ukungqubuzana kuhlabelela ngeVictor Hare eWashington Bullets, ku-albhamu Sandinista! 1980.
- Ngo-1987, u2 wafaka ithrekhi yesihlahla esisodwa, equkethe imigqa enikezelwe kuViktor hare, ku-albhamu yabo uJoshua Tree.
- Ngo-2003, inkundla, lapho kushona khona inkundla, lapho kushona khona uVictor Hara, waqanjwa ngokuthi emva kwakhe.
- UDean mhlanga waqamba iculo futhi wadlala indima enkulu kwifilimu ye-biographical mayelana "nomculi" we-hare ".
- "I-Ballada ngoVictor Hare" inikezelwe ku-Yuri i-epborging umculi abulewe.
- Ngokwemicimbi ehlobene nokufa kukaViktor Hara, umculo waseSoviet u-Alexander Gradesky wadala i-Opera ye-Rock Opera "Inkundla".
- Iminyaka emigwaqweni elwa nezingqondo ezivela eqenjini elilula le-albhamu elula lizinikele kwinkumbulo yomculi waseChile.
- I-Portuguese Music Group Brigada Víctor Jara yaziwa ngenhlonipho yakhe.
- I-Chuck Brodsky iqoshwe ngengoma ebizwa nge- "Izandla zeViktor hare".