Kusukela emhlabeni wonke, indoda yayiyinkimbinkimbi: ngoba ngenxa yokungakwazi ukumelana namandla emvelo futhi inqobe izinto zomoya nezinto zamanzi, ngoba ngenxa yobungozi kubameleli bomhlaba wezilwane. Iminyaka yadlula, izinto zathunyelwa, izilwane zafihla ngokugula, kepha umkhuba wokufakazela okuthile "umakhelwane" wasala - ngoba iTitanic, iTindenburg kanye nezinye i-B41 zivela ekukhanyeni.
Kulokhu, kuzoba mayelana nempi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni: Ihhovisi lokuhlela le-24CMI lizolandisa ngezimpawu nezici zesiqhwaga esenziwe umuntu nokuthi sakhiwe nini.
"I-Enterprise" nonke-konke-konke-konke
Ukubhekana nalokho okwempi okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, kuba nzima kunokuba kubonakala ekuqaleni. Ukwahlulela ngobukhulu obuqondile, khona-ke i-USS Enterprise Air Carrier Carrier (CVN-65) inomusa othile. Ukusuka ekhaleni kuya esingemuva komkhumbi - 342 m, ububanzi bamaphoyinti abi kakhulu bufika ku-78,5 m.
Lokhu kugqugquzela inhlonipho yombono ngisho nasezithombe ezindala ezenziwe ngezandla ze-thitanic yomuntu, eklanywe yiWestinghouse ngo-1958 futhi ivalwe emanzini amamayela enuzi ayisigidi ngenxa yesitshalo samandla enuzi lapho Isiteshi esisodwa segesi - unhlangothi olunjalo luneminyaka engu-12-13 ubudala.
Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ngababili "kodwa":
- I-Enterprise ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele isivele iphansi emgqeni wezithwali zendiza "NIMITZ", ezakhiwe futhi zakhiwe e-USA ngemuva kokufudukelana kwezinombolo ezingama-98,5 Abantu abangu-4800 bamelana no-5680), ukungasaphathwanga isitshalo samandla esiphelelwe yisikhathi esisezingeni eliphakeme.
- Okuwukuphela kommeleli wephrojekthi yango-1958, eyayinikezwe e-US Navy isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu futhi yakwazi ukungena emikhunjini yaseMelika ngesimo sezinganekwane ezicishe ibe ngu-2017, lapho ibhala Usuvele ulungiselela okuqhubekayo futhi ku-2020 yokugcina esiteji sokutholwa ngemuva kokufika sekwephuzile ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwe- "Pransler R. Ford", i-USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78 ).
Isikhulu esishiwo okokugcina esingu-100,000-Ton-Tow sinikezelwe kule ndatshana - yize lo mmeleli wemoto yamasosha yaseMelika une-chirther encane, lo mmeleli wohlobo lwe- "NIMITZ" kanye nokuxoshwa unenkohliso encane, lokhu akuxhunyiwe ngokuntuleka kokudidiyelwa , kepha, kunalokho, ngenani elincane lezinguqulo zobuchwepheshe ezidingekayo kwimishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nezindlela.
Yebo, futhi ngokweqiniso "Gerald R. Ford" ngumkhumbi othuthukile futhi ohambelana nezidingo ezintsha zemikhumbi, kanye nemikhumbi elandelayo yalesi sigaba, ezimbili zazo eziqoqwe ezinhlamsweni, kusolwa ukuthi zibe yi- "Enterprise" hhayi kuphela " Kepha futhi kuphelelwe yi- "Nimitsa".
Kwakuyesabeka ephepheni
Njengoba sebezwisisile nabazongenela ukhetho lwempi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi bekhetha ophumelele, sekuyisikhathi sokutadisha ukutadisha imininingwane yakamuva: Izici ezihlukile, izici ezihlukile futhi ezihlotshaniswa namaqiniso athakazelisayo. Kepha kufanele kuqalwe ngendalo.
Ukuxhasa ngezimali uhlelo lokwakhiwa kwezinkantolo ezenziwa emoyeni ukuthi ziguqulwe ngokuziphatha ziphelelwe ngokuziphatha futhi zisondela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsizakusebenza ekubhaleni naseNimitz izimoto zaqala ngo-2001.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, umqondo wokudala izikhali eziphakeme kakhulu zezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni waboniswa kuphrojekthi yomugqa wemikhumbi, owathola igama likamongameli wama-38 ase-US Gerald R. Ford, - ekuqaleni ngisho nokuqokwa kohlobo oluthuthukisiwe CVN-21, noma "Isithwali sendiza sekhulu le-XXI".
Esigabeni sokuklama, kwathathwa njengokucatshangwa ukuthi kusetshenziswa izixazululo zakamuva zobuchwepheshe kulo msebenzi, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe be-stealth kanye nentuthuko yokugcina ekwakhiweni kwe-catapult ye-Shipproof WFP, okuzoba nomphumela omuhle ekuzenzakaleni kwe-ShipProof WFP, okuzoba nomphumela omuhle ekuzenzakaleni Izindlela, amasistimu nezindawo zokudla, futhi ngasikhathi sinye zinciphise izindleko zokusebenza ngenkathi zigcina futhi zigcina zikhulisa ukusebenza kokusetshenziswa kwezempi.
Abadali bezindiza bezindiza baba ngabasebenzi bamasosha aseNortoport News Shopbied of the Norton Grumman ezempi yezempi yezempi: lapha lonke umugqa, okufanele aqukethe imikhumbi eyi-10 ngokuzayo, eyakhiwe futhi yakhele ummeleli wokuqala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkontileka esemthethweni yenani lama- $ 5.1 billion asayiniwe ngo-2008 kuphela, umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwe-USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) kwaqala iminyaka emi-3 edlule - ngokuya ngesivumelwano sokuqala se $ 2.1 billion
Kwahlelwa ukuqeda ukwakhiwa kwe- "Gerald R. Ford" ngesikhathi sesiphetho kusuka ekusebenzeni kwe- "Enterprise okukhulunywe ngenhla, kepha bekungenzeki -" i-Old Man "yephrojekthi ye-CVN-65" yabuya "Ngaphambi futhi ngaphandle kokulinda" iphini ". UGerald uqobo waqala emanzini ngo-2013, kepha ukuhlolwa okugijimayo nokusebenza ngenxa yokungena kokulungile kwalo mklamo kwaqhubeka kuze kube nguMeyi 31, 2017. Bese izinkinga azizange zinyamalale.
Ukucacisa
Ukuhanjiswa komkhumbi wokuqala wephrojekthi ye-CVN-78 kungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-98,5 (kanye naseNimitz izindiza zezindiza), kodwa emikhunjini yombusi esizayo, le pharamitha kufanele inyuke yaba yizilinganiso eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-112:- Ubude obukhulu kunabo bonke ngu-337 m;
- Ububanzi obuphezulu - 78 m;
- Ukuphakama kusuka ku-keel kuya kuma-clototics - 76 m.
Isitshalo samandla reactors 2 reactors akhiqizwa yinkampani "iBotel" enomthamo wama-megawatts amakhulu avumela umkhumbi wamasosha amakhulu emhlabeni ukuze uthuthukise izindawo ezingaphezulu kwama-30 (kuze kufike ku-57 km / h). Ngenxa ye- "Injini" kumafutha e-athomu, ukuzimela kwesifundo kukhawulelwe kuphela yi-Reservel, evumela "ukuhamba" kwabasebenzi bezinsuku eziyi-46, kanye nenombolo yamafutha endiza, eklanyelwe izinsuku ezingama-30 zezindiza .
Empheshini womkhumbi kungenzeka ukwamukela amayunithi endiza afinyelela kwayi-90: izindiza (F-35, i-Super Hornet ", E-2" "HOKAI", C-2 "Greyhaund" ), izindiza ezinophephela emhlane (MH- 60 "C HOC") nendiza engahleliwe. Inani lokuhamba ngezinyawo ngosuku uma liqhathaniswa nesizukulwane esedlule senyuke ngo-15% - kusuka ku-140 kuye ku-160 (esimweni esedlulele - kuze kube ngu-220).
Futhi ebhodini lendiza yendiza lithwala inkemba yezikhali ze-radar kanye nemicibisholo yendiza.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ngokwakhiwa kwesithwali sokuqala sendiza sephrojekthi ye-CVN-78 kanti izivivinyo zako zihlotshaniswa namaqiniso athile athakazelisayo. Lokho kungenye yazo:
munye. Isithwali sendiza "Gerald R. Ford" saba ngumkhumbi wokuqala e-United States, imodeli yayo eyadalwa ngokuphelele kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-computer we-volumetric design, ihlinzeka ngemodeli yenqubo yezobuchwepheshe.
2. Ama-reactors amasha ahlukile ngamandla amakhulu angama-25% kunalawo afakiwe ezithwala izindiza zezindiza zesizukulwane sokugcina. Akudingekile ukuthi athathe umhlalaphansi uphethiloli - ukulanda "kusuka esitshalweni" ngokwanele kuyo yonke iminyaka engama-50 yokuxhashazwa okuhlosiwe.
3. Ukwehliswa kwabasebenzi nge-automation kokusebenza kwezinhlelo nezinqubo kunciphise ukugcinwa kwama- $ 4 billion. Noma kunjalo, "inzuzo" "ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zendalo. I- "AirMather" entsha "Entsha Entsha isivele ibiza, kanye nentuthuko, ukucwaziswa, ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuhlolwa kwama- $ 17.5 billion kanye nephuzu akuhlinzekiwe. Ukuze uqhathanise: "Nimitsy", okuthi ummeleli omusha we-American Fleet ezicini zawo ezidlula kancane, uhambe ngo- $ 6 billion.
4. Ngemuva kosongo lwamanzi ngo-2013 kwavela ukuthi izinhlelo eziphambili zisebenza ziyasebenza. Ngaphandle kokusatshalaliswa kabusha kwephrojekthi kanye nokuguqulwa okulandelayo komkhumbi, bekungenakwenzeka ukulungisa amaphutha "abanjelwe". Ngakho-ke, "kuphathwe" kwathatha:
- ukukhishwa emphemeni, owakhelwe ukwephulwa kwezidingo zokuphepha nokufika;
- I-catapult ye-electromagnetic ehlulekile kuyo yonke lezo zethuli ezingama-400 ngeNkinga eyizinkulungwane ezine ezithenjisiwe;
- ama-ammunition ukuphakama;
- I-Aerofineisher, yehluleka ngemuva kwendiza eyi-25 evared evared esikhundleni sezinkulungwane eziyi-1.5, ethenjiswe abadali;
- Radar.
ezinhlanu. Isikhathi sokukhokhisa, ekuqaleni sihlelelwe u-2014, sadluliselwa kaninginingi. Isici esilandelayo, "i-pop-up" ekufakweni kwamandla ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kuka-2019, siphinde sithumele umkhumbi ozolungisa, obekuhlelelwe ukuqeda ngo-Okthoba. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva, ukwethulwa ngokugcwele kweyunithi yokulwa nomoya engakhiwa ngayo, kuze kube yilapho i-20222th ibonakala ingabaze.