I-Biograge
UJosip Broz Tito wabahlali baseBalkan, njengoJoseph Stalin for Russians, ungoPolindlovukazi onzima, obuye baba yiminyaka yokubusa kwezehlakalo ezibucayi nezehlakalo ezibucayi. Abahlali abaningi, nokho, babehlonishwa (futhi baqhubeke nokuhlonipha) ngezinqumo ezinzima, ababizwa ngokuthi yiNanevolent Tyrant, umkhululi weYugoslavia.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama lamanje lezepolitiki - uJosip Broz. Wazalwa ngoMeyi 7, 1892 eKumrovice, idolobhana laseCroatia Zagorne, elaliyingxenye ye-Austria-Hungary. Ungumntwana wesikhombisa noma wesishiyagalombili kaFuno Broza noMary Zaverca. Kunzima ukuthola i-oda eliqondile ngoba izingane ezifile zazalwa emkhayeni.
I-Tito iyi-pseudonym ukuthi usopolitiki wabhalisa ngaphansi kwezihloko zamaKhomanisi. Ngokusobala, uTito wabiza bonke abantu abavela eCroatia Zagrani. Njengoba le ndaba ikhombisa, i-pseudonym inamathiselwe kangangokuba yaba igama eligcwele.
I-JOSIP BROZA Eseduzane yayihlangothini lukamama Sloveniki. Ngesikhathi sokufika esikoleni, umfana ungowaseLike onolimi lwesiSlovenia, kodwa, naphezu kobuzwe obuxubile, wazibheka njengesiqhwaga kuYise.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-1900, uTito waya esikoleni saseKomrovtsz. Ngisho nasekilasini lokuqala, ulwazi lwalunikezwa kanzima. Lokhu kukhishwe i-aprint: kuze kube sekufeni kosopolitiki kubhale ngamaphutha.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa ngo-1905 (ebangeni lesibili bekufanele ngifunde kabili) uTito wasebenza epulazini lomndeni. UFange Broz, owayefuna ikusasa lendodana yakhe onqenqemeni olungaphansi olungagxilile futhi olungazinzile, wasindisa imali yokufuduka e-United States. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1907, uTito wasuka impela, kodwa waya eCroatia Sisak District (97 Km kusukela emvelweni kukhuwovitsy), lapho umzala wakhe wakhonza khona.
Umsebenzi kaTito ugcwele: Wakhonza ukudla ezindaweni zokudlela, ukuziphindisela kumabhayisekili, wabe esefunda isikhiya kanye nokukhethekile ezitshalweni zezimoto i-ŠKODA naseBenz. Le nsizwa yahamba emhlabeni wonke, yafunda izilimi zaseJalimane nezilimi zaseCzech.
Impi yezwe yokuqala yathola i-Sergeant enkulu Tito Tito eMbuthweni Wezempi wase-Austro-Hungary. Wazibonakalisa ebuhlakani.
Mashi 25, 1915 Tito Tito Floeld. Njengesiboshwa sempi asichitha esibhedlela ngaphansi kukaKazan, idolobhana laseSviyazhsk, izinyanga eziyi-13. Le nsizwa yahlukunyezwa ngokuhlaselwa kwenyumoniya ne-typhas. Ngezikhathi zokukhanyiselwa, uTito wafundisa isiRussia futhi wajwayelana nama-Classics - ubuqambi baka-Ivan Turgenev kanye nebhubesi Tolstoy. NgoJuni 1917 wakwazi ukuphunyula.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Odume kakhulu ngunkosikazi wokugcina uTito - Yovanka, kodwa empilweni yomuntu siqu yenqubomgomo bekukhona namanye amathayi amakhulu.Kukhethwe okokuqala kwaTelagia Denisovna Belousov. Isiphetho sabangenisa e-Omsk: Intombazane yafihla isiboshwa sempi ebalekile. Umshado wenzeka ngoJanuwari 1920. Lapho-ke, uTito wayeneminyaka engama-27, noBelousova - wazalwa nje, kwaba nezingane ezinhlanu kuphela, kodwa yiNdodana kuphela yasinda.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUTito noPelageya bahlukanisile ngo-Ephreli 1936, ngoba osopolitiki bathandana noKhomanisi u-Anna Köning (naye no-Elsa Lucia Bauer). Lo mbhangqwana wakwazi ukushada kuphela - ngo-1937, le ntombazane yasolwa ngokulandelana kwadubula. Kamuva, imininingwane ebudlelwaneni bakaTito nalona wesifazane.
Ngo-1940, osopolitiki bashada ne-heter haas. NgoMeyi 1941, babenendodana u-Alexander. Ukuba semshadweni, uTito wasonta amaRoma noDavaiangka Powanovich, owabulawa ngo-1946 ngesifo sofuba.
Yoovanka broz - oshade naye odumile uTito. Bashada ngo-Ephreli 1952. Umshado wahlukaniswa amahlazo esidlangalaleni, usopolitiki waze wasola umkakhe lapho kulungiswa inguqulo yombuso kanye novuko waseYugoslavia. Basho ukuthi bahlukana ngokulandelana ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, ngaphambi nje kokushona kukaTito. Azikho izingane ezijwayelekile.
Ukukhula kweTito - 170 cm.
Ipolitiki
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki kaJosip Broz Tito waqala ngo-1920 ukuthi ajoyine iqembu lamaKhomanisi eYugoslavia. Eminyakeni engama-33 wabhekwa njengo "Revolutionary Professional." Cishe kuboshwe umvukeli wangesonto onke, zonke izinsuku zifike endlini ngokusesha. UTito, wazi incwadi yoMthetho, njalo lapho ephuma ephuma emanzini.
NgoNovemba 1928, leli cala lalisasejele: UTito walahlwa iminyaka emihlanu ngemisebenzi yamaKhomanisi engekho emthethweni. Usopolitiki ukhiphe inkululeko ngoMashi 1934, esuka ngokugcwele. Waba ngumuntu ongafuneki kangangokuba wasuka ngokushesha uYugoslavia. NgoJuni 1935, uTito wahlangana okokuqala noJoseph Stalin.
Ngo-Agasti 1937, uTito wamisa uNobhala Jikelele weqembu lamaKhomanisi eYugoslavia, kwathi ngoJanuwari 5, 1939 wamukelwa esikhundleni.
Kwafika izikhathi ezinzima. Iningi lama-Tito Comrades, kanye nabalingani bakudala nabasekusasa uPelagia no-Ana besola i-espionage, futhi iJalimane laqinisekisa amaCzechoslovakia "Abelana". UTito unxuse iCzechoslovakov ukuba ayilwele. Izinkulungwane zamavolontiya eza e-Embassy of Czechoslovakia eBelgrade ukuzosiza.
Impi yezwe yesibili ibizobulala amaBalkan uma uTito akazange ame ekhanda lokunyakaza kokumelana. ISoviet Union yasizwa ngenkuthalo empini. EJalimane, azwa amandla azwayo, amemezele ukuzingela kwakhe kumholi uqobo esifundeni, kepha akaphumelelanga. Ngemuva kuka-1945, abantu babiza uTito Liferator waseYugoslavia.
Isikhathi sangemva kwempi sidinga ushintsho, ikakhulukazi ngesimo seBhodi laseYugoslavia. Iningi likhulume esikhundleni seRiphabhulikhi. NgoMashi 7, 1945, uTito waqokwa nguSihlalo woHulumeni wePhumali entsha ye-Federal People's Republic yaseYugoslavia Republic of Yugoslavia.
Ngaphansi kukaTito Prime Nduna, ibutho labantu baseYugoslav lakhiwa - Amandla wesine emhlabeni wonke, kwenziwa izingcindezi eziningi ngokulwa nabaphikisi, isonto licindezelwe. Kepha abantu bethembela ngokuphelele.
Omunye wabambalwa ababengasithandi isitayela sikaTito kwakunguJoseph Stalin. Bathi waze wahlela imizamo eminingana yokubulala uNdunankulu, kepha akekho otholwe umqhele ngempumelelo. UTito uphendule usongo eStalin:
"Yekani ukuthumela abantu ukungibulala. Sesivele sibambile esihlanu - esisodwa ngebhomu, elinye ngesibhamu. Uma ungayeki ukuthumela ababulali, ngizothumela eyodwa eMoscow. Ngeke ngidinge ukuthumela owesibili. "Ubungani phakathi kwamaBalkan ne-USSR baqala kabusha uNikita Khrushchev. Ngo-1955, wafika kuToto, ngaleso sikhathi wayesevele ekhuluma ngeMongameli yaseYugoslavia, futhi waxolisa ngezenzo ezinobutha zaseStalin.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNjengoMongameli, uTito ngenkuthalo wasungula inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe. Izinkumbulo ezinobungane zamakhanda ezinduna zomholi woMbuso manje sezikhanyiswa yi-yugoslavia Museum eBelgrade. UTito wayengumngane noWinston Churchill, uRichard Nixon, uLeonid Brezhnev. Bathi, kusukela ekuqabuleni kwendabuko kwalokhu, uTito wake waqhuma izindebe.
Ngo-1971, inani labantu baseYugoslavia ngesikhathi sesithupha lakhetha uTito noMbusi wakhe, kwathi ngo-1974 wenza izinguquko kuMthethosisekelo, ezimemezela ngeMongameli Yempilo. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu, umholi we-balkan ekugcineni wajula kwinqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe.
Ukushona
Impilo yaqala ukuletha uTito ngo-1979. Ukukhathazwa ikakhulukazi ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni. Lesi simo sesiyingozi kangangokuba odokotela banqume ukunciphisa imilenze yesokunxele. UMongameli Yugoslavia wenqaba ngokuphelele, wazibongezela ekufeni ekuthelelekeni kwe-gangrenous. Lapho amadodana asancenga ukuhlinzwa, kwavela sekwephuzile.
UJosip Broz Tito ushone ngoMeyi 4, 1980, ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngaphambi kokugubha iminyaka engama-88. Imbangela yokufa yi-gangrene. Inani lezombusazwe lafika emngcwabeni wakhe, kufaka phakathi iKosi engu-4, 31 UMongameli, izikhulu eziyi-6, izikhonzi ezingama-22 zakwamanye amazwe nabangu-47.
Endlini yezimbali eBelgrade, lapho isidumbu sikaTito siphumule khona ngaphansi kweMarble Slab, lonke ihholo linikelwe osukwini olude. Izindonga zihlobisa isithombe se-panoramic sabahlanganyeli bendawo yomngcwabo.
I-biography kaTito yasebenza njengesisekelo sezobuciko kanye nemibhalo eminingi. Okuhle kunakho konke umkhathi weYugoslavia, ngomdlandla umbusi wakhe, kubika idrama "Tito Mina" (1992).