I-Biograge
UGeorges MEL Mesh ngumqondisi waseFrance, omunye wabasunguli bohlobo oluhle kakhulu e-cinema. Ngibonga kuye, sekuvele izinkomba nezinqubo ezimbalwa, lapho isikhathi eside sasetshenziswa khona ngabalandeli.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMarie-Georges-Jean Mel Mel wazalwa ngoDisemba 8, 1861. Umndeni wawuhlala eParis, ubaba womfana wayenefektri yezicathulo. Ibhizinisi elichumile, futhi kwacatshangwa ukuthi uGeorge uzobamba iqhaza emndenini. Njengoba esethole imfundo ephakeme, waba yisisebenzi soMnyango Wezobuchwepheshe wefekthri ye-Hellites. Kepha insizwa ethile yayithanda ukuzibandakanya ekwakhiweni kwe-caricature, ukuvakashela amahholo omculo nase-operetta.
UGeorges waphupha ngokubopha i-biography yakhe nomculi, kepha uYise wayekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo ngeke ube yinzuzo. Ngakho-ke, amakhabe amadala athumela iNdodana eLondon ukuyofunda isiNgisi. E-British capital, uGeorges wathola ukugxila kweshashalazi futhi waletha ukujwayelana noDavide David Devint. Ubuyele ezweni lakubo nge-arsenal yekhadi le-Foci, owaqala ukukhombisa emicimbini yasemadolobheni.
Ukuphikisana nentando yendodana yayingenamsebenzi. Ubaba usezele futhi waxhasa imali ngokutholwa kwethiyetha elimhlophe lomdlalo "uRobert Udan". Ngemuva kokuthi umsunguli wakhe wasuka endaweni yesehlakalo, inhlekelele yaseshashalazini yahlala yakhipha, kepha uGeorge wakwazi ukubuyisela ibhizinisi. Izinto zakhe zokuzilibazisa zatholakala lapha zibona. Umdlandla wenza imidwebo yendawo enhle, wabhala izimo futhi wadala ukugxila automata.
Emakhonsathi aqoqwe kusuka emiskethini yamahlaya, eMel Mel abonise izinombolo ngemiphumela ekhethekile ngokubamba iqhaza kwabalingisi abaningana ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokuzayo, izehlakalo zibambe iqhaza emisebenzini kaShatle evela ku-Opera Theatre.
Ngo-1895, uMelhes wabona ifilimu lokuqala labazalwane abangamaLumiere waphefumulela umbono we-cinema.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isikhathi sangemva kwempi azange senze amakhabe wethuba lokuvuselela kabusha. Okwesikhashana, umqondisi wasebenza njengomhlobisi eStuttgart Theatre, khona-ke kwakunomthengisi wamathoyizi ku-Montparnasse. Usekelwa ngumlingani - umlingisi uZhanna d'Esti. Wayengunkosikazi wesibili womholi. UGenina wokuqala u-Eugeni washona ngo-1913, washiya umyeni wakhe endodakazini kaGeorgette nendodana u-Andre.Emshadweni wesibili, uMel Mesh wathatha indoda evuthiwe. Unkosikazi wakhe wayeneminyaka engama-60, futhi wazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuzosiza umyeni wakhe ukuba alulame kulo msebenzi. Naphezu kwama-periepetics wekusasa, uGeorge Hel wayejabule empilweni yakhe.
Amafilimu
Ngo-1896, uGeorges Mel uthenge e-UK ikhamera yefilimu yokuqala futhi waqala ukukhombisa izilaleli amafilimu anamathele kuwo. Le ndoda yaqala ukwenza izivivinyo, ukuzidubula kwikhamera. Ekuqaleni, wasusa izinombolo ngokubamba iqhaza kwabaculi be-circus kanye nabahluthuli.
UGeorges wathumba inhlangano yasemgwaqweni, kwathi lapho ifilimu ekhanyisiwe yathola ukuboniswa kwakhe namasampula angajwayelekile. Ukusika uhlaka, uthole izithombe ezingcolile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwavela ikhamera yokumisa. Ngokuzayo, amaqhinga anokudubula kancane futhi asheshisiwe avele ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphezu kwama-copyright cell, uMel Mel wasebenzisa imibono yabalingani be-workshop.
Ngo-1896, ukukhanya kwabona "ingxenye yephathi". Ngemuva konyaka, ezweni, eduze naseParis, uGeorges wazakhela indawo encane enezinto ezikhethekile zamaqhinga - amakhamera, amakhamera wekhamera, iziphakamiso kanye nesendlalelo esimnyama se-velvet. I-cinematographher kuqala izama ukuthatha isinyathelo kusuka kumnyama futhi imhlophe kwifilimu yombala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wapenda amafreyimu weteyipu nge-tassel ngesandla. Umsebenzi wokuphamba waziswa kakhulu yizithameli.
Isitudiyo sisheshe sakhokha ngokushesha saqala ukukhiqiza imali. Ngo-1897, uMeli Mill wasusa amafilimu amafushane angama-60. Uhlobo lwayo oluthandayo lwalungelonakalisi, lapho amateyipu "amakhompiyutha e-VII ka-Edward VII" futhi "embusweni weFay".
Phakathi kwamafilimu okuqala athandwayo kaGeorges Meles kwakuyi "IKhabhinethi laseMephistofel" kanye "nokugcwala kanye neMargarita". I-Studio Master ekhethekile ngokuhlolwa kwe-cinematic. Nazi izivivinyo ngokurekhoda okuvumelanayo kwemiphumela emihle neminyaka engajwayelekile. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-1900 kuya ku-1905, uMel Mel wakhipha ibhokisi elithi "orchestra", "ukuya enyangeni", "izinkulungwane ezingama-lei ezingama-20 ziphansi kwamanzi" nabanye. Le midwebo yahlukaniswa ngezixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezintsha. Kusetshenziswa izigaba zokudlala kanye nombhalo wangaphambi kokubhalwa, umqondisi wadala umbukwane ohleliwe.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umsebenzi wokudala weMel Mesh uhlanganiswe nomsebenzi wezenhlalo. Wayengumongameli we-French Cinematic Syndicatic, futhi futhi wakhonza njengosihlalo wengqungquthela yokuqala ye-cinematic cinematic.
Iphayona le-cinema lenze umnikelo omkhulu ekwakhiweni kobuciko, njengoba unikeze ama-movie futhi uvikele iziza ezaziwayo. Ngo-1902, inkampani "i-Starfilm" yavulwa. UMel usasebenza namasu owathandayo, kepha insimu ye-cinema yathuthukisa ijubane elisheshayo. Umqondisi waqala waya ngemuva. Kukhona abalandeli kanye nama-mingitators we-Master. Amanye amateyipu akhe akopishwa, futhi imiphumela ekhethekile ayeseyikuthi ibonakale sengathi iyamangaza.
Umculi ofundisayo, uMel Mel wenze ukubheja okuhlangenwe nakho kwezemidlalo, asuse endaweni enhle, anqabe ukusebenza emvelweni futhi anciphise amathuba okudala wemihlangano ebabazekayo. Iqiniso e-cinema ngalesi sikhathi uthathe phezulu kwabazwakalayo. Ngo-1909, ama-georges acile aqala ukubambisana nenkampani "Brothers Pat", kodwa ayizange imsindise ekuweni. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, i-Studio yangena ebhange, futhi umqondisi ulahlekelwe i-villa ne-pavilion. Bathengwe uCharles Pat.
Ifa likaGeorge Melhes lahlukaniswa kahle kakhulu kokukhohlisa kokwakha. Emibhalweni yakhe, ama-Missenzen ahlanganisiwe, enza izinto, izingubo, ukugqokwa, ukukhanya, ukwakheka, kanye nobumbano lwemidlalo yezemidlalo yesikhala, isikhathi nesenzo. Ukuba ngumhloli, uGeorge waphenduka waba yidola elibi. Wasungula ukufakwa okucashile nokuvezwa okuningi, kepha wehluleka ukwenza inkampani yakhe inenzuzo.
I-Director Fillography inamagama angaba ngamakhulu amane. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, uMel Mel akusasebenzi i-movie. Wathola ubunzima bokudala, waphuka futhi wayekhohliwe ngokungafanele.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kukaMel, izintatheli ezitholakala ezinqolobaneni zefilimu namafilimu omqondisi, futhi umphakathi wamasiko waphinda wakhumbula lesi sibalo sefilimu. Kuliqiniso, akazange abuyele emsebenzini. ICinematographic, ngokusekelwa kogogo woMqondisi, wamhlela ekhaya lasebekhulile ngokhozi. Lapho uMenzi wabhala ama-momoirs wanikeza inhlolokhono, esebenzisa isikhundla 'sikababa we-cinema'. Umqondisi ushone ngo-1938. Imbangela yokufa yayiyisimila esibi. Ithuna likaGeorge Melhes litholakala eParis emathuneni e-Lashez.Izics
- Ngo-1896 - "Ukunisela"
- Ngo-1897 - "Ikhabethe Elingcwele Mechistofel"
- 1897 - "Faust kanye Margarita"
- 1900 - "I-Orchestra" indoda
- 1902 - "Uhambo oluya enyangeni"
- 1902 - "Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eMartinique"
- Ngo-1903 - "Embusweni Wama-Fairies"
- Ngo-1904 - "Uhambo ngokusebenzisa okungenakwenzeka"
- 1906 - "Ama-Militers"
- 1907 - "Hamlet"
- Ngo-1907 - "Umlando Wempucuko"
- Ngo-1907 - "Amamayela angamakhulu amabili ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma ubusuku obubi be-Fisherman"
- Ngo-1908 - "I-Raid Paris - New York ngemoto"
- 1911 - "Ama-Hallucaciations of Baron Münhausen"
- 1913 - "" Umndeni Wokuhamba Umndeni "