I-Biograge
U-Edith u-British British, uMlobi wezinkondlo, izindaba futhi usebenzela izingane. Njengomlobi, wathuthukisa ukuqondisa kwezincwadi zentsha yentsha yekhulu le-19. Ngalesi sikhathi, imibhalo ethokozisayo eyenzelwe umphakathi osemusha ekuqaleni nje waqala ukuvela. Ifomethi enkulu yaqala ukukhombisa izinganekwane, futhi kwaba phakathi kwamaphayona ohlobo. Amanoveli athile woMlobi asetshenziswa.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Edith wazalwa eLondon ngo-Agasti 15, 1858. Intombazane yaba ngumncane wezingane eziyisithupha emndenini wezolimo. Ubaba washona lapho indodakazi ineminyaka emithathu. Njengoba sebehlale umfelokazi, uMama u-Edith wayegxile ekwelapheni indodakazi endala uMariya, isifo sofuba esigulayo. Ngenxa yakhe, umndeni wawuvame ukushukunyiswa lapho ufuna isimo sezulu esifanele. U-Sobita wakhulela ezikoleni ezigibele. Izinkumbulo ezitholwe ebuntwaneni, kamuva waphendula emsebenzini wakhe.
Ngemuva kokufa kodade, le ntombazane kanye nomndeni wakhe bahlala esifundeni saseKent. Kulesi sikhathi, i-biography yayo ifaka phakathi ukudala izinkondlo zokuqala. Izwe eliphefumulelwe e-Edith, kepha impilo enokuthula yahlala isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha kwavela ubunzima bezezimali, okwaphoqa umndeni ukuba bathuthele eLondon.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Edolobheni elikhulu, izinkomizi ezincane zaqala ukujwayelana noMajling Clerk Stuart Smith. Abantu abasha babethembisene umshado, kepha ukuzibandakanya kwahlukana ngemuva kokungabekezeleleki kozakwethu ngoMkhwenyana uHubert Bland. Unoveli wabo onothando waholela emshadweni owabanjwa ngo-1880. U-Edith wayekhulelwe, futhi kwavela ukuzalanisa nonina, okwakunqabile ukuya emgubhweni.Impilo yomuntu siqu ngeke ingabekezeleleki ngempumelelo: Umyeni akazange aphile naye. Eshiya umngane womshado ngendodana esanda kuzalwa endlini encane ekhiphekayo, wachitha ngaso sonke isikhathi kusuka kunina, efulethini elinye uMlobole elimlindile. Umngane kaMaggie uDuran wakhuphula ingane endodaneni yomngane wakhe, futhi uHubert wakusekela ukuxhumana naye.
I-Edith yesibili yasiza ukubeka iphuzu ebudlelwaneni. Umngane womshado waphindela kwiLono yomndeni, kepha kungekudala. Kakade ngo-1882, wasonta inoveli nonobhala kanye nomunye umndeni ka-Alice Hatson, kamuva owamkhulisa. Uxolo waletha indodakazi namadodana amabili. Omunye wabafana ushone eneminyaka engu-15. Imbangela yokufa yayiwukusebenza kuma-alimondi. Naphezu kobunzima obubalulekile, u-Edith ugcinile ubuhlobo obuhle nomyeni wakhe. Imibhangqwana yayihlala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. UBlanda wakhe uBlanda wabizwa ngokuthi "umshado ohlanganisiwe."
Indlu engavikelekile yayinomoya wokungenisa izihambi nokwamukela. Lapha kwakuvame ukuba yizivakashi. Ezokuzijabulisa zazihlelelwe zona. Njengowesifazane osebenzayo, u-Edith wadlala uBadminton, wahlangana ngenjabulo izivakashi. Phakathi kwemikhuba yakhe emibi kwakuwumlutha wokubhema.
Ngo-1914, u-Edith oshade naye wazikhumbula, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, lona wesifazane washada noThomas Wat, unjiniyela womkhumbi, lapho kwakukhona khona isikhathi eside.
Izincwadi
Umsebenzi wokudala Umbhali waqala ngesimo sentokazi eshadile. Ukuzilibazisa kwentsha yakhe kwaphenduka umsebenzi nomsebenzi ovunyelwe ukuthola imali. Ekuqaleni, kwakhala kunoma yimiphi imiyalo ehlotshaniswa nokwakha imibhalo. Usayine imifanekiso yezincwadi, wayibopha ukuhalalisela amakhadi weposi, abuyisele imisebenzi kaWilliam Shakespeare kanye nama-Biographies amaKhosi.
Impumelelo yathola umbhali ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane. Izincwadi zomlobi zaba abathengisi futhi baletha imali efanele. Kuliqiniso, u-Edith nomndeni belahlekelwe yimali.
Kanye nomlingani wakhe, kwakungeyona into yobuntatheli kanye nezepolitiki. I-fascialing socialism, abashadikazi babephakathi kwabahleli bomphakathi waseFabian. Umlobi wenza umfundisi, wawungumhleli walo magazini, umlobi wezihloko noMdali wamapheshana. Izindatshana zakhe zanyatheliswa ukushicilelwa "Namuhla."
Ifomethi yokuqala enkulu isebenza ngu-Edith eshicilelwe ngaphansi kwePseudonym Fabian Bland. Kepha ngokukhetha ukuqondisa kwezincwadi zezingane, wabuyela egameni lakhe. Inoveli ethandwa kakhulu ingancela "abalingcweti". Washicilelwa ngo-1898 wabeka ukuqala komjikelezo we- "bastesblokhhh". Ebhayibhelini lomlobi, amanye ochungechunge amabili avele - umjikelezo we-psammmid kanye nomjikelezo wendlu ye-ARDEN. UPeru Edith unxusa imali engaphezu kuka-40 imisebenzi yezingane namanoveli amadala ayi-10.
Ukwakha izinganekwane ze-copyright kanye nezindaba ze-adventure ezilalelini zentsha, u-Edith futhi eza nezindaba "ezimbi" zabantu abadala. I-heroine yemibhalo yayo isemhlabeni omuhle kakhulu, lapho kuhlangana khona okuhlangene nenganekwane. Le ndlela, kanye ne-irony, ibonakala ngesitayela sokudala somlobi.
Ubuqambi be-Edith uphefumulelwe uClive Steilza Lewis, uPamelarers noJoan Rowling. Phakathi kwemisebenzi efunwe kakhulu yabantwana ezinganeni kufaka "inqaba egcwele", "izingane zesitimela", "izingane ezinhlanu kanye ne-amuleta", "iPhoenix nekhaphethi".
Ukushona
Uxolo uchithe iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila edolobheni laseFrexton, eSussex. Wayehlala endlini yakhe eyakhe. Ngo-1924, umlobi washona emdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ithuna lakhe lisemathuneni oMashi, hhayi kude nesonto laseSt. Mary. Manje isithombe sezinganekwane zokubhala zibekwa ezincwadini ezincwadini zesiNgisi.Imisebenzi yombhali iqhubekele phambili amafilimu. Ukuze kuguqulwe, umqondisi wakhetha izincwadi "izingane zesitimela", "iPhoenix nekhaphethi", "izingane ezinhlanu kanye ne-crank".
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1899 - "Amathosta Abatholi"
- 1901 - "Umphakathi" uzolalela "
- Ngo-1902 - "Izingane Ezinhlanu Nesilo"
- Ngo-1904 - "Phoenix kanye nekhaphethi"
- 1905 - I-OSVALD Bastabin nabanye
- Ngo-1906 - "Umlando we-Amulta"
- 1906 - "Izingane Zesitimela"
- 1908 - "House Arden"
- Ngo-1907 - "Inqaba Enchantd"
- 1913 - "I-Wet Magic"