I-Biograge
I-Theophrast yayiyifilosofi nesosayensi, umculo wezemvelo nowokweqiniso owabeka izisekelo zama-nerds anamuhla emsebentimeleni ovelele. Umlandeli kaPlato no-Aristotle bathathwa njengesiduduli esizelwe, abasho isikole sePeripaketics, esasongela izingqondo eziningi ezilula.Ubuntwana nentsha
Imininingwane mayelana ne-biography yokuqala yakwa-Theofora yafinyelela ezizukulwaneni zezinkomo zemizamo yabantu besikhathi sikaDiogen Lanertsky ezinikezelwe ezenzweni zabantu abakhulu. Emsebenzini empilweni, izimfundiso kanye namazwi efilosofi yasendulo edumile, isazi-mlando sase-Laternant sibika imininingwane ngezinto ezedlule.
Ngokubona kwakhe, i-Theophrast yazalwa cishe ngo-371 kuye ku n. Ns. Edolobhaneni lase-Ereso, eliseNyakatho Aeegean Islands. Ekuqaleni, ongokoqobo eGrisi wabizwa ngokuthi uTiretham, indodana kaMelante, kodwa wabe esenikezwa igama lesidlaliso, ephela, evikelekile emakhulwini eminyaka.
Kusobala ukuthi umndeni owawuganwe, wawuphila ngokuchuma, ngoba iNdodana yathunyelwa e-Athene kwesinye sezikole zamadoda zakudala. Ngosizo lukaPlato, izingcaphuno eziqhekezayo zahlala zivela emisebenzini yazo, le nsizwa, yanikeza amakhono, inyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi sesazi.
Lapho uMfundisi ohlonishwayo eshonile, iTheophrata yathuthela ekilasini lika-Aristotle, owayenguthisha wangaphambili ka-Alexander Makedonsky kanye nenkosi yesayensi yezemvelo nefilosofi. Kusukela lapho, umdanso wase-Erisoo akazange ahlukane nomsunguli we-lyceum ye-peripatetic futhi eduze kwezindlu zakhe ezinesizotha wenza izifundo futhi wasebenzisa ukuzilibazisa kwakhe futhi wasebenzisa ukuzilibazisa kwakhe.
Abaphenyi babekholelwa ukuthi indodana ka-Melante yajoyina uthisha edingisweni ngenxa yengxabano noTran Hermia, embusweni kabani e-Atarnei nase-Assos. Kepha umbusi wavuma ukuhlala isazi sefilosofi esiqhingini saseLesbos, umhlaba, lapho kuzalwa khona i-Theofrast yaqala ukulethwa.
Uhlobo lwesiqhingi sasendulo samaGrikhi saba nomthelela ekuqashweni kwesayensi yemvelo, ngakho-ke u-Aristotle wabuka izilwane, futhi umfundi wakhe ngemuva kwezimbali zamakhambi. Kwathi ngolwazi olungaqinisekisiwe, amadoda athuthela eMakedoniya futhi afika egcekeni leNkosi uPhilipp II.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Imininingwane ayigcinwa ngempilo yomuntu siqu ye-theofratest, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi isebenza njengomfundisi, yabe isihola i-lyceum yase-A yase-Ania. Lapho sekushona u-Alexander umlingani waseMakedoniya u-Aristotle washiya inhlokodolobha yasendulo yamaGrikhi, umfundi wakhe nomsekeli abazinikele baba ngumgcini wezingane eziyizintandane.Ukusondela ekhanda lesikole sasePerepatetic kwavela ngaphesheya kwensizwa lapho uYise anikeze khona incwadi ethi "Etha", engazange aphile ngezikhathi zanamuhla. Futhi, ongowokuzalwa e-Erisoo wafa umtapo wezincwadi wothisha, futhi, ngokweminye imibiko, u-Aristochene Tartan wayethukuthele leli qiniso.
Isayensi nefilosofi
Ngokusho kukaDiogen Lanertsky, i-Theophrast yabhala imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-200, kepha iningi lalilahlekile, futhi okuqukethwe akuzange kufinyelele ezinsukwini zanamuhla. Kunombono wokuthi ezincwadini ezihlokweni zefilosofi umbhali waqhakambisa izimfundiso zika-Aristotle, ngakho-ke wabhekwa njengomhumushi kanye nomsekeli wemibono yezemfundo.
Usosayensi wasendulo wamaGrikhi wawuganwe emlandweni nasongcwabeni emkhakheni we-zoology, wabhala futhi usebenza esimweni soMbuso kanye nezinkinga eziningi zenkolo. Izicanuka ezivela ku-Metaphysics, i-Mathematics kanye ne-Music Theory, lapho kwakubhekwa khona uhla olubanzi kakhulu lomphakathi okhathazekile.
I-Theophrasta yayaziswa ukuba negalelo nge-biology, ngoba eBhayibhelini elibanzi lomhlaba wezehlakalo zemvelo nezitshalo, amaGreek anikela ngokuzinikela kwamavolumu ayi-10. Ubize uYise weBotany neSwede Carl Linneiem, umbhali wehlukaniso lomfaniswano odumile nomnikazi wamaphrimiyamu nama-oda.
Emisebenzini ye-Organia kanye ne-CAUSIS PLALARARUM, umfundi we-Aristotle wachaza imizimba kanye nama-systematics wezihlahlana, izihlahla nemibala. Ngokubiza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zezakhamuzi eziluhlaza zeplanethi, i-NaturalAst yadala imfundiso yamaphunga nemisebenzi yezimpande nezithelo.
Embuthanweni wezitshalo eziyi-10 "umlando" wevolumu "ohunyushwe olimini lwesiLatini ngekhulu le-XV, i-Theophrast yethula ukwahlukaniswa kwayo ngokusekelwe empilweni yempilo nezakhiwo eziwusizo. Wazabela izilimo zezolimo kanye namakhambi asendle adingekayo, asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha futhi asiza ekuphazamisekeni okuningi.
Ukutholwa kwakuwukwabiwa kwezinto zangaphandle nezangaphakathi kanye nokwethulwa kwemiqondo enjalo njengemicu, ama-cores, umnyombo kanye nojusi eBotany. Futhi, umkhuba nama-theoretics abhale izinhlobo zokuhlobisa, azibize izimbali ezingadini, lapho i-wreath ingamanzi khona.
Inhlawulo ye-Theofora phambi kwesayensi yanamuhla yayibhekwa njengezinkinga zokufunda ezihlobene nemvelo, futhi ikakhulukazi - ithonya lezinto zangaphandle ezikwi-Flora ehlukahlukene. Umswakama kanye nesomiso, ukushisa nokubanda, izici zenhlabathi nososayensi wesimo sezulu ezisetshenziswa ezifundweni njengesiqondisi esichazayo.
I-Botany, eyaqhubeka necala lososayensi wasendulo wamaGreek, yaphawula ukuthi izingqinamba ezifundela ukutadisha zaqashelwa njengokucindezela kuze kube manje. Ngakho-ke, kusukela iRenaissance, ubuntu kanye nobuntu be-Theofora kwakunesithakazelo kuwo wonke umuntu owayefuna ukwandisa ama-Horizon.
Umsebenzi othandwayo wososayensi wasendulo waba iziphathimandla "abalingiswa abaziphatha kahle", lapho wachaza khona izinhlobo ezivamile zabantu ngokuya ngefilosofi. Babezothonya ngezinga elithile abathonya ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlaya asendulo amaGreek, abhekwe abhekwe ngokufunwa kohlobo oluthile phakathi kwabamele imindeni ehlakaniphile.
Isayensi enjalo njenge-logic ne-rhetoric nayo ibingagxili ebuciko. Wahlukanisa izinto zokukhuluma emazwini ayisisekelo futhi angaphansi. Umsebenzi ubonise incazelo yezinkulumo eziqondile nezingafani eziye zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yomuntu.
IsiGreek, silandela u-Aristotle, sihlangene ngokuningiliziwe izinhlobo zezahlulelo, ukuphika, izinsolo kanye nama-syllogisms emisebenzini eminingi yezincwadi. Wabeka phambili i-hypothesis mayelana nokuba khona kweziphakamiso ezimangazayo, ezakha izazi zefilosofi phakathi nama-100s nama-200s.
Ukushona
Lapho esesikhundleni sakwaScholharch, noma umholi wesikole, i-Theophrast yahlala amashumi eminyaka futhi yaphakamisa uDemetrius waseFalersky, iMenandra kanye nabanye abantu abaziwayo abaningana. UTsar Cassandr, owaba ngumlandeli ka-Alexander Macedonia, wathanda isazi sefilosofi nososayensi futhi wasekela iningi lemibono yakhe.Eminyakeni engu-85, umfundi kaPlato no-Aristotle akazange abe, kodwa ngezimo nangezimbangela zokufa, akekho noyedwa kubo obhalwe phansi. Umngcwabo e-Athene wawunamandla ngeqoqo elikhulu labantu, ngoba ozongena esikhundleni samaGrikhi adumile abathanda wonke umuntu futhi ahlonishwe.
I-Lyceum nendlu enendawo yokunethezeka enikezwe iLampsak, ababambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni komtapo wezincwadi kanye neMuseyon ngakho-ke, ngangazi. Ngokusho kukaDiogenes, uLanertsky, i-Theofratist ngaphambi kokushona kwebinzana, ahunyushwe ngokuthi "sifa nje lapho siqala ukuhlala khona."
I-Bibliography
- "Umlando Wezitshalo"
- "Izimbangela zezitshalo"
- "Izinhlamvu Zokuziphatha"
- "Mayelana namatshe"
- "Mayelana Nomphefumlo"
- "Emculweni"
- "Ezimisweni Zokuqala"