I-Biograge
Eminyakeni yempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, impi edumile ye-USSR, i-Marshal Aviation, umshayeli wepili u-Alexander Pokshkinkin wangena empini yomoya nabakhangi. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, wayengumfaniswano wendiza eyizitha ezingama-59, yize amazandondo amaningi nezikhulumi ngokwazo zinombono ohlukile: Ukunqotshwa okuthile kwe-hawk yamazulu kwanikeza isihloko sabangaphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngombono ojwayelekile, ekusebenzeni, u-Alexander Pokshinin uphansi kuphela ku-Ivan Kozjadubu.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander Ivanovich Pokshshkin wazalwa ngoMashi 6 (Februwari 21 ngesitayela esidala) ka-1913 eNovonikolaevsk (MANJE NOVOSIBIRSKK) wesiFundazwe seTomsk emndenini onesizotha. Babengenakukwazi ukuphila ngonyawo olubanzi nomakhelwane abantwana babo ngesikhathi sabo samahhala bemukelwe ukuphanga, bashaya amafasitela, bahlela ukulwa. UMbuso WaseRussia wawususwe empini yezwe yokuqala - ukufundisa isizukulwane esisha.
U-Alexander Pokshikin wakhuphuka - wafunda kahle, wafunda okuningi, kwathi eminyakeni eyi-12 kwaqala ukukhombisa isithakazelo sendiza. Ngemuva kokuphothula amamaki ayisikhombisa, le nsizwa yangena endaweni yokwakha. Cishe iminyaka efanayo, uValery Chklalov, ukuhlolwa komshayeli wendiza, sekubonile "amaphiko" alo. I-FUALS yakhe iphefumulelwe u-Alexander Tashkin nezinkulungwane zontanga yakhe ngokuzethemba ukumemezela: "Lapho sengishaye esibhakabhakeni!"
Impilo ka-Asa ebusheni bakhe yiProsaic. Usebenze emafektri anomakhenikha, wabamba iqhaza emacaleni eWLksm, akhonze ezikhundleni zempi ebomvu, futhi waphupha ngesondo lokuqondisa emphefumulweni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Inhliziyo ka-Alexander Pokshkin yahlanza izinkanuko ezimbili - izindiza kanye noMaria kuzmiinichna, umhlengikazi. Ukwazi lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1942 ogwini lolwandle lweCaspian. Abantu abasha bathandana ngaphandle kwenkumbulo, basukile emigqeni ehlukene bangaphambi kwezinye izinhlamvu, ezinye zazo ezihlala zingaphendulwanga: zazingenaso isikhathi sokuthola lowo masengezo.Impilo yomuntu siqu Intsha ifakwe ngokomthetho ngo-Ephreli 1, 1944 eChernigov, manje yidolobhana lasePrimorsky Krai. UMaria Kuzmichna wayesevele engaphansi kwenhliziyo yamazibulo - indodakazi uSvetlana. Waphila iminyaka engama-52, wabulawa ngumdlavuza. Futhi indlalifa yakwaTashkin, futhi, u-Alexander, wazalwa ngo-1947.
Umshayeli wendiza nomkakhe bakwazile ukunikela abazukulu - u-Alexander, uPaul no-Catherine.
Ukundiza komuntu emoyeni
Ebheka ubizo lwenhliziyo, u-Alexander Pokshkin washiya iSiberia ngo-1932 futhi wangena esikoleni sezindiza ze-PERM. Yile nsizwa kuphela eyayingazi ukuthi ochwepheshe balungiselela lapha, hhayi abashayeli bezindiza. Ezikhumbuzweni zakhe, izikhulumi zihola amazwi wesikole saleso sikole:
"Ngokuqinisekile uzofuna ukuba yi-chkalov, ufuna ukundiza. Futhi ngubani ozohlanganyela kuma-motors? "U-Alexander Pokshkinn waqala waqala ukwanda kwesayensi. Kamuva, kusukela ekuphakameni kwesipiliyoni, umshayeli wendiza waphawula ukuthi isikole samsiza ukuba aqonde idivaysi endiza futhi athole amakhono obuchwepheshe abebesindisa ukuphindeka empilweni empini.
Umnyango weSikole Endiza wasala u-Alexander Pokshkinn wavalwa, kepha wayelungiselela uma nje egcwele isibhakabhaka - wagxuma nge-paraglid, ngoSepthemba 1938 wahlala phansi okokuqala ngemuva kwesondo lokuqondisa le-U-2. Ithuba lokuzwa isibhakabhaka ngokujwayelekile, futhi izinkinga ngolwazi u-Alexander Pokshkin abuyise umbono.
Umsebenzi awuzange uhambe ngaphandle kokunaka. NgoNovemba 1938, isipelingi esizayo, ekugcineni, sathola isiqondiso esikoleni saseKachino Flight School, owaphothula iziqu kusukela ngonyaka owedlule esigabeni somshayeli we-fighter. Wanikelwa ukuba ngumfundisi, kodwa wathola ukwenqaba: U-Alexander Pokshkinn wayengafuni nje ukukhuphukela esibhakabhakeni, kodwa ukuze amnqobe. Kwathulwa amacala amaningi anjalo phakathi neminyaka yempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe.
Ukulwa
Ukubulawa kwegazi ngokumelene neReich Reich yesithathu, u-Alexander Pokshkinn wadlula ngokuphelele - kusukela ngoJuni 22, 1941 kuya kuMeyi 9, 1945. Ukunqoba kwe-Debut kungukudutshulwa kwamaFascist phansi, umshayeli wepilo wanqoba, kancane usuku lwesibili lwempi lwangena elokuqala.Izimpi zomoya zikhombise u-Alexander Tashkin, njengoba isibhakabhaka se-USSR sengcupheni yengculazi. Lokhu kuhlasela bekungenawo amaqhinga, ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngokungaboni, angizange ngime ngemishini yezobuchwepheshe: Indiza ngayinye yayingesisindo segolide, ngoba imihlangano yokusebenzela izindiza yaqoqa amathangi. Konke kwagcinwa umoya - kubuqhawe babantu. U-Alexander Pokshkinn kamuva wabhala:
"Lowo ongalwanga ngo-1941-1942 akazi iMpi yangempela."Umklomelo wokuqala, i-oda likaLenin, umshayeli wempi olwayo unikeze ukukhishwa kwemininingwane yamasu. Ngo-December 1941, ubusika buqhume. Iqhwa lalibona ukuthi ubuhlakani obujwayelekile be-USSR baphuthelwa umgomo - amathangi kaPaul von Claysta, umkhuzi waseJalimane. Naphezu kweBuran ne-Minimalial Fuel Reserve, u-Alexander Tsryshkin wavuka esibhakabhakeni wanquma indawo yesitha. Imininingwane yasiza ibutho elibomvu ukunqoba i-rostov.
Ngo-1943 kwaba ukunqoba hhayi kuphela ku-Alexander Tishkin, kodwa futhi nakuzo zonke izindiza zangaphambili. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimpi zangaphambilini kwavumela umshayeli wendiza ukwethula ama-Maneu amasha kanye nokuhamba komoya kumaqhinga e-USSR. Umgomo wakhe we-AU wabeka ukubhujiswa komthofu - ukufa kwendiza enkulu kwadicilela phansi yonke indawo.
U-Alexander Pokshkinn ngokungananako wakhuluma isitha. Ngo-Ephreli kuphela 1943 wabhubhisa izindiza eziyishumi, owabeka inkanyezi yokuqala yeqhawe leSoviet Union. Ngenyanga ezayo, ukunqoba u-Asa kuphinde kwagcwalise abanye abangu-12 amaFascist.
I-Turning Point kwakuyimpi yeKuban ngo-Agasti 1943, lapho u-Alexander Pokshkinnal ashaye khona izindiza ezingama-22. Emoyeni balwa nezwe lakubo namanye ama-aces - abafundi beqhawe laseSoviet Union. Ngokwesibindi, kuboniswe esibhakabhakeni saseKuban, umshayeli wepili wayithola inkanyezi yesibili futhi wadumalela izwe lonke.
U-Alexander Tashkin ungumuntu wokuqala, kathathu wanikeza inkanyezi yeqhawe leSoviet Union. Ngemiphumela etholwe, umagazini "ushintsho" wambiza ngokuthi umshayeli we-USSR omuhle kakhulu. Ukukhishwa okuhlotshiswe izithombe ezinhle. Futhi i-American Journal of Comics amahlaya amahlaya yanikeza i-acs enembile kakhulu isidlaliso hawk.
Ukulwa nendlela ka-Alexander Pokshkina empini enkulu yempi yempi yempi ngoJuni 24, 1945. Umshayeli we-fighter waphathiswa ukuba aye ekhanda lekoloni le-1st yase-Ukraine ngaphambili.
Ngokusho kwezibalo ezisemthethweni, nge-wartime, u-Alexander Pokshkinn wasukuma izikhathi ezingama-650 emoyeni, izikhathi ezingama-156 wangena empini nesitha futhi washaya izindiza ezingama-59. Umshayeli wendiza ngokwakhe athambekela kuye okungenani ama-20 anqobayo, futhi izazi-mlando zithi izinombolo ziphezulu kakhulu: okuthiwa i-hawk izulu ichithe imishini yezitha ezingaphezu kuka-40.
Ukuthula Isikhathi
Ngemuva kwempi, u-Alexander Coschin waqhubeka nokusebenza. Umdlandla wakhe wawubanjwa nguVasily Stalin, umkhuzi wamandla omoya wesifunda samasosha aseMoscow. Ngenxa yengxabano nendodana yomholi we-USSR, i-AC, eyayiphethe iposi elijwayelekile, yathola ukujaha okuyigolide nge-Avilosi Yesiliva - kuphela ngemuva kokufa kukaJoseph Stalin ngo-1953.
Ngawo-1950s, u-Alexander Pokshkinn washintsha i-Air Force ku-Air Defense. Wakhonza eSekela Commander-in-Chief of the tempial air Defense of USSR.
Ukushona
Njengabantu abaningi abasindile empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe, u-Alexander Pokshkinkin wahlukaniswa ngempilo eqinile. Kuze kube izinsuku zamuva nje, wahlala eHelm, wasebenza enkonzweni yokuvikela i-USSR.
I-biography yeflaya-aca yaphela ngoNovemba 13, 1985, ngonyaka wama-73 wokuphila. Imbangela yokufa yayihluleka inhliziyo.
Ithuna lika-Alexander Pokshkinina litholakala emathuneni eNovoDevichy eMoscow. Ukugcwala, ukuhlobisa, kuhambe imiklomelo eyinhloko yomshayeli - izinkanyezi zeqhawe leSoviet Union.
-Zuzayo
- Ngo-1941, 1943, 1963, 1967, 1977, 1983 - Uku-oda kweLenin
- Ephreli 1943, Agasti 1943, 1944 - I-Hero ye- "Golden Star" yeSoviet Union
- Ephreli 1943, Julayi 1943, Disemba 1943, 1953 - Ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu
- Ngo-1943 - Indondo Yase-US Army "Yenkonzo Evelele"
- Ngo-1944 - Indondo "yokulwa nokulwa"
- Ephreli 1945, Meyi 1945 - Oda i-SUVOROV (II degree)
- Ngo-1945 - Indondo "yokunqoba eJalimane empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe lase-1941-1945)
- Ngo-1947, 1975 - I-Red Star Order Order
- Ngo-1975 - Order "ngenkonzo yezwekazi emabuthweni ahlomile e-USSR"
- Ngo-1984 - I-Meetal "Veterian of USSR ARMED FORS"
- Ngo-1985 - I-oda lempi yokuthanda izwe (i degree)