I-Biograge
Umlandeli wasendulo u-Anaximen, umlandeli kaFalez no-Anaximandra, waba ngummeleli wokugcina we-Miletsky School, okokuqala ngqa ekhuluma ngefilosofi njengesayensi. Njengothisha bayo, u-Anaximen wathuthukisa imibono ngemvelaphi. Wafika esiphethweni sokuthi isisekelo sezwe ngumoya: umlilo, umhlaba namatshe okuphefumula ngakho, lokhu kungumthombo wokuphefumula futhi, ngakho-ke, impilo.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography ye-Anaximna yenza okusanhlamvu, kaningi kugcinwe ngezimfundiso zalo. Ngisho nosuku lokuzalwa luhlala luyimfihlakalo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isazi sefilosofi sazalelwa edolobheni elikhulu lasendulo lamaGrikhi amabele (manje insimu yaseTurkey) noma ngo-585 BC, kungaba ngo-560th. Imithombo yakwamanye amazwe ithambekele enguqulo yokuqala.
Umlando we-anaximen awunazo ukulandelana kwezikhathi. Isibonelo, alukho lwazi lapho eba umfundi we-Anaximandra. Ngenhlanhla, imisebenzi yefilosofi kangaka ayizange iphawulwe futhi ihlukaniseke yafinyelela osukwini lwanamuhla.
Esithombeni nasezithombeni ze-anaxmen kukhombisa indoda eneminyaka engama-30- 35 ubudala ngemisipha ethuthukisiwe (ngisho nasezikhumulweni zefilosofi zefilosofi zingahlulelwa ihlombe eliqinile), iphrofayili yesiGreedi eqinile, izindebe eziqinile, zigcwele izindebe ngebunzi lakhe. Ikhanda ne-chin milthet framing izinwele ze-wavy.
Ifilosofi nesayensi
I-Miletsky School yabeka ukuqala kwefilosofi njengesayensi eGrisi yasendulo. Abamele bafaka i-Falez, i-progenitor, i-anaximandra ne-anaximman.Ezinsukwini zokuqala kwefilosofi yemvelo, omunye umcabangi obalulekile we-heraklite wathuthukisa imibono yawo. Emanye amangalisa ngokwephutha kuyise esikoleni samabele, kepha ngokusemthethweni isazi sefilosofi asikaze sibe ngama-mitetsam, nakwamaPythagoreya alandela.
Ngamanye amagama, u-Anaximen ungummeleli wokugcina nokhanyisiwe kakhulu we-Miletsky School.
Umbuzo oyinhloko ohlukumeza izazi zefilosofi zasendulo, okuyinto eyinhloko. UWalles wakholwa ukuthi "konke kuvela emanzini nakho konke okusemanzini," kusho u-Anaximandr waqamba igama lakhe - u-Areroni, okusho into engapheli, engenamkhawulo.
U-Anaximen uphakamise ukuthi i-substrate isebenza njengomoya - konke kwenziwa yiwo umhlaba oqukethe kuwo, okwakheka ngenxa yokuqina noma ukungavumelani kwale nto. Umbono ofanayo walandelwa eDiogenes Apoolenian - Naturofilosopher, eyakha imibono yakhe ngaphandle kwezikole.
Umoya uyinto engenamkhawulo nengenamkhawulo engenawo izithiyo ezibonakalayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthinta futhi uzizwe. Futhi ukuntuleka kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile zomzimba ezenza umoya we-arheya, okungukuthi, into yokuqala.
Ngokwemibono ka-Anaximen, umhlaba uqukethe umoya ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Umoya okhishwe, okungukuthi, ukufudumala, kwakha umlilo, futhi emhlabeni wonke - ukukhanya kwasezulwini: ilanga nenyanga. Amanzi, izulu, umhlaba namatshe kuwumphumela wokufaka umoya noma ukupholisa.
U-Anaximen ubiza umoya ukuhlonipha, ngoba kuyadingeka entweni yokuphefumula. Uma kungekho kulento, izitshalo zizomisa ukuphakama kwazo futhi maduze zife, futhi izinhliziyo zabantu nezilwane zizoyeka ukulwa. Ngamanye amagama, ngokusho kwama-mitets, umoya wokuphila, umphefumulo. Ngeke kube khona umoya - futhi konke kuzokufa.
Yize ngokwemvelo, u-Anayimen wayeyindoda enamandla, akazange aphike ukuba khona konkulunkulu. Ezinye izazi zefilosofi zibanikeze umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu - ukudalwa kwe-arche. U-Anaximen wabangane bakhe akazange asekelwe. Ngokubona kwakhe, onkulunkulu awenziwanga umoya, futhi bona uqobo babehlanganisa le nto. Ngamanye amagama, babengumkhiqizo we-substrate yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi empeleni babengeyena unkulunkulu.
U-Anayimen wenza umnikelo omkhulu ku-meteorology, izinkanyezi, i-psychology, i-geography, njll. Ngakho-ke, wayengomunye webanda, ungomunye we-grades aneqhwa eliqhamuka efwini. Isimo sezulu Phenomena Anaximen wachaza umsebenzi weLanga.
Imizimba yasezulwini kaMiletz yanaka ngokukhethekile. Okunye kokutholwa kwakhe okuyinhloko kwakungukuthi amaplanethi nezinkanyezi - akuyona into efanayo: Uma eyokuqala, ngokusho kwe-Anaximna, kukhona umphumela wezwe ofanayo, osesibili ungumphumela wokuqongelela komhlaba.
Ukushona
Njengempilo yomuntu siqu, imininingwane eningilizayo ngokufa kwe-Anaximna ayigcinwa, kufaka phakathi usuku olubaluleke kakhulu.
Imithombo ye-Intanethi yakwamanye amazwe isho ukuthi i-Wisosopher yashiya impilo ngo-526 kuya enkathini yethu, sahamba iminyaka engama-50. Ochwepheshe abavela emazweni aseRussia naseCis ngeke bafike endaweni eyodwa, njengasesimweni sosuku lokuzalwa. Bakholelwa ukuthi u-Anayimen washona kuma-525, noma ngo-502 kuya enkathini yethu. Imbangela yokufa kungenzeka ingeyona imvelo.