I-Biograge
U-Arthur Clark, kanye nabalobi abakwa-Azimak Azimov noRobert High Africa, babeyingxenye yezinganekwane zesayensi "ezikhulu" njengomnikazi wemiklomelo eminingi yolwazi. Umlobi wezobuciko kanye nemisebenzi yobuntatheli kwakungu-futurologist kanye noMsunguli owazama ukuqhubeka ngaphambi komlando futhi abikezele izehlakalo zamakhulu amasha amakhulu.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Arthur Charlez Clark Biography waqala ngoDisemba 1917 edolobheni laseBrithani elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Mainhead, etholakala emingceleni yeCounty Somerset. Ngemuva kwalokho abazali baqasha ipulazi edolobhaneni, elicebile ekukhangeleni, futhi umfana wakhula ngenkululeko, angazi izidingo, ukuncipha nezinkinga.
Kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sebusuku, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wahamba ezungeze indawo enhle, ehlola amatshe emigwaqweni, izihlahla, izihlahlana nezimbali. Imibono yakhe mayelana nomhlaba emhlabeni wonke ngaphambi kokungena esikoleni kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwabantu abadala abafundile kwakungemnandi futhi kulula.
Ikilasi elizithandayo leClark Young kwakuwukutadisha isibhakabhaka sasebusuku, okwakubukwa kahle ophahleni lwendlu lapho ayehlala khona ebuntwaneni. Ngokwesimo sezulu esicacile, umfana onolwazi waphinda waphinda izinkanyezi ezikhanyayo noma ubuke inhlangano ye-chaotic ingakavulwa ama-shums angabizwa ngamagama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane yaqoqa amakhadi abonisa ama-dinosaurs aqothulayo, abese eqala ukuqoqa ama-fossil atholakala emasimini azungezile nasemahlathini. Ngenxa yezinto, ziphindaphindeke zaphenduka i-piggy Bank, u-Arthur wasebenzisa igunya kontanga futhi esemncane abunazo ukushoda kwabangane.
Amaphuzu angeziwe okuthandwa aletha uthando lwenganekwane yesayensi, ngoba umfana wayazi ukuthi angafaka imibala ngemibala abuyele kulokho akufunda ngosuku olwedlule. Ukubona lokhu, abazali baqala ukubhala umagazini wezindaba omangalisayo, lapho ababhali abanjengoHerbert Wells no-Austin Hall banyatheliswa.
Ngemuva kwenoveli, u-Olaf Staplendon "abantu bokugcina nabakuqala" babona izincwadi zikaDavid Lasser, zithandwa ngawo-1930s. Umfana wakhukhula ngezehlakalo eziqanjiwe ezakhiwe ngabantu baseMelika abanamakhono, futhi babonisana ngezindiza kweminye imithala ezinhlamthani ze-SPERSTREATE SPACECRAFT.
Ukufa okungazelelwe kweNhloko yomndeni kwabuya u-Arthur usuka ezulwini waya ezulwini, futhi wanquma ukuqeda isikole ukuze asekele umama wakhe ngokuzayo. Kepha lapho ulaka kokulahlekelwa wanyamalala, wajoyina umphakathi wezinkanyezi futhi, waba yilungu lakhe elisebenzayo, waqhubeka nokucabanga futhi ephupha.
Ngeshwa, impilo yasemhlabeni yadinga ukusebenziseka kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi ongokoqobo, futhi uClark waya enhlokodolobha yeGreat Britain ukujoyina iNhlangano Yabantu Abadala. Kepha, ukusebenza njengoMcwaningi Mabhuku nge-Financial Firm, waba yilungu lomphakathi wezwe lonke, okwakuyinkulumo esebenzayo yemibono yesayensi ethuthukile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Njengoba esephenduke umuntu ozimele ozimele, uClark akazange acabange ngempilo yakhe yangasese ekuqaleni, ngoba konke ukunaka komphakathi kudonsela impi yezwe yesibili. Kepha ngawo-1950, umNgisi wahlangana nowesifazane ogama lakhe kamuva wafunda konke ukuhlakanipha kwezwe.I-American Marilyn Mayfield ibiyintsha ekhethekile ekhethekile, ngakho-ke uthando olunesivunguvungu lwaqala phakathi kwakhe no-Arthur. Amaviki ama-3 ngemuva kosuku lokuqala eNew York, kwadlalwa umshado onesizotha, futhi izindaba eziphathelene nesimo esisha sombhali zawela ulwandle.
Isikhathi esikhulu sokuba abasanda kushada babeyi-honeymoon ePennsylvania, lapho uClark asebenza khona encwadini elandelayo, futhi abakhethiweyo babejabulela imibono yezintaba. Kepha umbhali wezinganekwane zesayensi wajuliswa ngobuhlakani obukholwayo, owayeka ukusebenzisa imizwa yangaphambili futhi wavusa ukwakheka komkhaya.
Ukujwayelekile kwaphambuka ukuthi u-Arthur wayefuna ukuba ngumzali ngemuva komshado, kodwa kwavela ukuthi kungenzeki ngenxa yesifo esithile seMarylin. Abalingani bahlukana ngesivumelwano esivumelana ngaphandle kwamahlazo kanye namacala, futhi umbhali wawusembuthano wabantu abanesizungu kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.
Izincwadi
Ubuqambi bokubhala kanye nesayensi kwakuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo kaClark. Waba ngumbhali wemisebenzi engaphezu kweshumi nambili eletha ukuqashelwa nemiklomelo. Ukubuyekezwa ngendaba ye-rut "laaleke", enyatheliswa ekhasini lezinganekwane zesayensi, kwaba ngumvuzo wokuqala futhi obaluleke kakhulu wemisebenzi eshumeke ngokweqiniso.
Emisebenzini elandelayo etholwe ngabahleli bokushicilelwa kwenganekwane yesayensi ezayo, u-Arthur wanquma ngesitayela futhi waqala ukuhlanzwa ngekhono. Finyelela iziqongo zaphenduka amanoveli "Umhlaba Light", "Ukuphela kobuntwana", "uthuli lwenyanga", "idolobha nezinkanyezi", kanye "nokujula okukhulu".
Encwadini yesayensi "Izici Zekusasa" Inganekwane yakha imithetho yeClark, eyalandela eyabo imisebenzi eyishumi. Babesetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamanoveli, ekudutshulweni kombukiso kanye nemibhalo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinkinga ezibalulekile, ezazilandela impendulo ngemuva kwalokho.
Eminyakeni yama-50s, inganekwane yesayensi nomngane wakhe uzinze endaweni yaseSri Lanka, lapho ayenza khona kahle e-Diving and Research Underwater Depths. Kamuva, echaza amavoloji ngendlela evamile ehehayo futhi eqondakalayo, uClark wapenda imidwebo ekhanyayo eyenziwe ngabafundi.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, umhlaba wonke wakhuluma ngeBrithani ngemuva kwe-Cosmic Odyssey's FilmCenery, uStanley Kubrik empilweni. Impumelelo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo, etholwe ngumqondisi, i-filosophical tint, yaphefumulela umbhali ukuba ilukholwe ebuhlakani, inethemba ngekusasa nethemba.
Ngeminyaka yama-1980, umsebenzi owawubonisa umlando wesintu wawususelwa kumjikelezo wokubhala ohlanganisa amavolumu amane. Futhi-ke amanoveli ochungechunge olusha "usuku nohlaka" nohlaka "nelithi" ingadi yaseRama "kwavela, okulotshwe umNgisi obhala ngamakhulu amahora angalaleli angalaleli.
Sekuyishumi leshumi lokufa, ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemisebenzi yomzimba, u-Arthur waphendukela kusizo labanye ababhali lapho bedala imisebenzi ethile. I-Bibliography yakhe yagcwaliswa ngezincwadi ze- "Solar Storm" kanye "Amehlo Esikhathi", akhishwe e-UK naseMelika maphakathi no-2000s.
Ukushona
Ngawo-1960s, uClark wawa polio, ngakho-ke kwaboshwa esihlalweni sabakhubazekile ngesikhathi kusele kule minyaka. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, usosayensi kanye nombhali bakhululeka kakhulu ozakwabo abaningi nokuthi ingane yajabula kanjani lapho ekugcineni abantu becabanga ukudala i-Intanethi.Eminyakeni engu-2000s, inethiwekhi ibuye yabonakala isithombe ne-video umzekeliso ka-Arthur, onikezelwe emicimbini ebalulekile kanye nokushicilela imisebenzi emisha. Ekungeneni kokugcina, indoda yavalelisa abalandeli nakubantu abanomqondo ofanayo, ngoba wayenomuzwa wokuthi umphumela odabukisayo uzofika maduze.
NgoMashi 19, 2008, imbangela yokufa u-Arthur Clark kwakuwukunqotshwa kohlelo lokuphefumula, oludale ukuthi i-POST-SYNDROME. Amalungu omndeni, abangane kanye nezihlobo bandizela ensimini yaseSri Lanka ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yeGreat English futhi ibambe iqhaza emcimbini wokungcwaba.
I-Bibliography
- 1951 - "Prelude esikhaleni"
- 1953 - "Ukuphela kwengane"
- 1975 - UMHLABA WASEBHALO "
- Ngo-1986 - "Izingoma Ezinhla Elide"
- Ngo-1990 - "Ghost of Goligan"
- 1993 - "I-Hammer of the Lord"
Umjikelezo "isikhala i-odyssey"
- Ngo-1968 - "2001: Space Odyssey"
- 1982 - "2010: Odyssey ezimbili"
- 1987 - "2061: Odyssey ezintathu"
- 1997 - "3001: Okokugcina Odyssey"
Umjikelezo "rama"
- 1973 - "Usuku nohlaka"
- 1989 - "Rama-2"
- Ngo-1991 - "Ingadi Yozimele"
- 1993 - "I-Rama Yellow"