I-Biograge
ILyon Feichtvanger ngumlobi onomthelela omkhulu kakhulu wesikhathi seWeimar Republic. Kuhlale kuvela eJalimane, wadala amanoveli acishe abe ngu-20, ama-assay amaningi, ama-eseyi kanye nezindaba ngesihloko sokulwa nobuNazi kanye nokugqilazwa kwemibono. Ngesinye isikhathi, uLyon Feichtvanger wathonya ukwakheka kweBercht's Playwight. Ubuye akhuthaze abancane abanakwa, abasele phakathi kwababhali abakhuluma kakhulu baseJalimane abakhuluma ngekhulu lama-20.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa ngoJulayi 7, 1884 eMunich emndenini wama-Orthodox okholwayo uSigmund Feichtvanger nomkakhe uJohanna (eMajor Bodenheim).
Ngaleyo minyaka, imindeni eminingi yamaJuda, ikakhulukazi enhle (i-Sigmund Feakhtvanger, ukukhiqizwa komargarine okuzuze njengefa kusuka kuyise), isihlahla sohlu lozalo sandiswa. Isibonelo, umlobi wakhuliswa abafowabo nodadewethu abasebasha abayisishiyagalombili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impilo yabahlakaze emhlabeni.
Ngokwesibonelo somfowethu osekhulile, uLudwig noMartin Feikhihthanger bazinikele ngezincwadi. Owokuqala wachitha iminyaka eyinhloko yokuphila e-UK, owesibili - kwa-Israyeli. I-United States isibe isiphephelo kumfowethu wesithathu wombhali. Okwesine kwakukhungathekile emakamu okuhlushwa. Wathonya ushintsho lukahulumeni lwango-1933 nasezimpilweni zodadewethu ababili beLyon FeichThanger - kusukela ekucindezelweni kwamaNazi, bacashe ePalestine.
Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lweLyon Faychtwanger lwathatha i-Wilhelmsgymnasium eMunich's Luxury Lyceeum. Edayari wachaza izifundo zakhe ngale ndlela elandelayo: "... DEDANTIC NOKUQHAWULA KANYE NOKUTHOLAKALA KANYE, ngaphandle kwezemidlalo; Ngegama elingahlobene nempilo yangempela. "
Ngemuva kokuphothula eLyceum ngo-1903, uLyon Feichtvanger wazinikezela kwisayensi yokusiza abantu. Wafunda izincwadi nefilosofi eMunich, nasePhilology nezilimi zasendulo - eBerlin, kude nasekhaya nakubazali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
ULyon Fehtwanger wahlangana noMarta Leffler, uMunich wendabuko, ephathini ngo-1909. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sabamele abaseleyo bobulili obuhle, waqokomisa umbala wezinwele zethusi wephiko leVoronov, kanti umlobi wayethanda i-blonde. Bathi akazange aphuthelwe ithuba lokukhumbuza ngakho. Ngaphandle kwama-hairpin, uMarta Lefifler wayenesifiso sezici ezincanyana zeLyon Feikhikhinthanger, ukukhula kwakhe okuncane kanye nendlela yokuphila yaseBohemian.Ngo-1912, uLefifler akazange abe ngumngane othembekile, ovikela kanye nomnyuziyamu weLyon Fehtwanger, kodwa futhi nomkakhe. Njengoba esongekile, abathandi bahlala ndawonye, ngenxa yeqiniso nobuhlakani, ngaphandle kokuba nezingane.
Lapho uLyson Feikhihthanger wabekwa ekamu lokuhlushwa, uMartha Lefer wayengesabi ukuphendukela ezweni eliqinile la. Ubhale izincwadi eziyishumi nambili kubantu abanethonya elikhulu eYurophu naseMelika, waze wagcwala u-Eleonora Roosevelt, umlingani we-32 e-US uMongameli uFrancevelt.
ULyon Feakhthangeru wakwazi ukuzikhulula ebugqilini, ukuhlela amadokhumenti futhi abaleke e-United States hhayi ngaphandle kosizo lukaMartha Leffler. ELos Angeles, eCalifornia, umndeni wahola impilo yomuntu siqu enesizotha futhi enokuthula.
UMartha Leffler wasinda kumlingani wakhe iminyaka engama-29. Washona endlini yabo ngo-Okthoba 25, 1987 ebudala kakhulu - ngonyaka wama-96 wokuphila.
Ngawo-1930s, uLyon Feakhtvange wasonta amaRoma nomculi u-Eva Herrman. Uphelezele umlobi eSoviet Union.
Izincwadi
ILyon Feakhtvanger yaqala njengentatheli kanye nomshicileli. Ngo-Ephreli 30, 1908, ukukhanya kwabona ukukhululwa kokuqala komagazini wakhe uDer Spiegel, okushicilele izibuyekezo ngemisebenzi yemibhalo nemikhiqizo emangalisayo. Isigamu sonyaka nezinkinga eziyi-15 kamuva, ubunzima bezezimali baphoqa i-faychtwanger ukuba bahlangane nango-die Schaubühne - iphephabhuku le-Siegfried Jacobson.
EMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, uLyon Feichtvange waya phambili ngoNovemba 1914. Kwakungekho nyanga, ngoba isuswe yisimo sempilo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, umlobi kanye nokuvukelwa kukaNovemba ngo-1918.
Ngemuva kokuphumelela njenge-playwright, uLyon Feichtvanger, abashadikazi ngeseluleko, bashintshele amanoveli omlando. Ukunakwa kwaso kwakhokhelwa njengemicimbi - izimpi, ukubhekelwa komphakathi, ubhubhane nobuntu. Isibonelo, kwinoveli ethi "GoYa, noma indlela yethuna yolwazi" (1951) yabonisa impilo yomculi uFrancisco Goya. Ngendlela, lokhu kungenye yemisebenzi embalwa yeLyon Feikhihthanger, etholile isimemezelo.
Ku-bibliography of the Writer Kunemijikelezo emibili - "Igumbi lokulinda" kanye ne- "Joseph Flavius". Owokuqala unikezelwe ku "Brown Chum" - ngakho-ke e-Pre-Empire Germany ebizwa ngokuthi abalandeli abasebasha baka-Adolf Hitler, ababensundu. Umjikelezo wesibili ubaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni isiko lomhlaba. Amanoveli ahlukene - "Impi EngumJuda" (1932), "Amadodana" (1935) futhi "Usuku luzofika" (1945) - ngokuphila kwe-Commander of Joseph Flavia kufakiwe kuhlelo lwezemfundo ephakeme.
Emisebenzini yakhe, uLyon Fehhtvanger owenziwa nguPhathimenz: Phambilini, abaningi, wabona usongo ku-Adolf Hitler kanye nezepolitiki zeNational Socialist Cerman Workers Carty. Umbhali wadweba imidwebo ye-satirical yeFuhrer, Hoolil Niazism. Akumangazi ukuthi ngemuva kokuthathwa kwamandla ngo-1933 wawungamukeleki.
Izincwadi zeLyon Feikhiththanger, kanye nabalobi abangama-312, babephakathi "komoya waseJalimane ovuthayo" kwathi abashisiwe bashisiwe. Endlini yomlobi, bachitha ukusesha, babamba yonke imibhalo yesandla namanothi abangafana nohlobo lwezothando. Umlobi unciphise ubuzwe. Ukube wayefisa ukubuyela eJalimane, wayezolinda okubi kakhulu, kuze kube manje ekudutshulweni.
Uma ukuxoshwa futhi kuthonywe iLyon Feikhithanger, ke kuphela ngokuziphatha. Ngo-1933, wazinza eFrance nomkakhe, lapho kwakuthandwa khona amanoveli akhe futhi evame ukuletha imali. Ngosizo lweZwi, umlobi waqhubeka nokwenza ngezifiso izinqwaba ezilwa nobuNazi, kodwa lezo, ngombono wakhe, bezingaqinile ngokwanele. Lapho-ke uLyon Feichtvange waya e-USSR.
UJoseph Stalin, umholi weSoviet Union, wathatha umlobi njengesivakashi esisezingeni eliphakeme. Izingxoxo zabo (kuze kube sezingeni lokuthethelelwa) ziboniswa encwadini ethi "Moscow-1937" (1937). E-USSR, wahlukaniswa ukusakazwa kwamakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200, futhi umphambili uJoseph Stalin wabhala isandla sakhe.
Ngo-1940, uLyon Feichtvanger namanye amaJalimane ahlala eFrance bathola abantu bokufika abasebandlululo. Babedingiselwe ekamu ukuze bangeniswe eLe Mille, khona-ke ngaphansi kwalo. "Isiboshwa" nsuku zonke bekufanele sikhuthazelele indlala nobudlelwano obubandayo, obungahloniphi, ukusebenza kanzima. Ukaputeni womlobi wawuphila isikhashana - ofihliwe njengowesifazane, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva waletha e-United States.
Okuhlangenwe nakho, okunolwazi kuLi Mill naseNimea, kusekelwe ku-Memoos Liona Fayhtvanger "Chert eFrance" (1941).
Imali ekhokhwayo evela ku- "MAYE ZYUSS" (1934) kanye nomndeni wakwa-Oppenheim (1938) bavumela umbhali ukuba aphile ngonyawo olubanzi eLos Angeles kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Ekuqaleni kwendlela yokudala, wadala amanoveli ambalwa angalibaleki - "I-Spanish Ballad" (1954) no "Ifefay nendodakazi yakhe" (1957), babhala ubuntane.
Ukushona
Ngo-1957, uLyon Feakhtrangeru wabona umdlavuza wesisu. Lesi sifo sithuthuke ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kwaba nokungenelela okuhlinzayo. Ukuphuma kwangaphakathi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa futhi kwabangela ukufa.I-biography yaseLyon Feikhithanger yaphela ngoDisemba 21, 1958, ngonyaka ka-74 wokuphila. Umzimba wakhe uphumule emathuneni amathumbu eWoodlon eSanta Monica, eCalifornia. Ukwahlulela ngezithombe ezivela endaweni, ithuna lihlobisa itshe elilula. Eceleni kombhali kuphumula umkakhe.
I-Bibliography
- 1923 - "I-Duchess Duchess Margarita Mural"
- 1925 - "UmJuda zyuss"
- 1930-1939 - "Igumbi Lokulinda"
- 1932-19445 - "Joseph Flavius!
- Ngo-1936 - "I-Neron Yamanga"
- 1943 - "Abafowethu uLauntenzak"
- 1943 - "Simon"
- 1946 - "Izimpungushe Esivinini"
- Ngo-1951 - "Goya, noma indlela ethuna yolwazi"
- 1952 - "Ukuhlakanipha Kwe-crank, noma ukushona kanye nenguquko uJean-Jacques Rousseau"
- 1954 - "I-Spanish Ballad"
- 1957 - "Ifefay nendodakazi yakhe"