I-Biograge
I-Likeurg - Isishayamthetho saseSpartan. Izinguquko ezithathwe nguye zinomthelela ekwakhekeni kombuso oqinile nozimele, inkazimulo yayo yezempi eyaqhubeka nezinganekwane. Isibalo sokuphatha saba ngumqatho wokwakhiwa kwamaSoviet bakwaBhekisi kanye nomhlangano wabantu, i-trapez evamile, isiyalo esinzima, esasilalela amadoda anamanzi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Mayelana ne-biography ye-Likeurg igcinwe idatha encane ethembekile. Umthombo woqobo, abacwaningi abathembela kukho, kwakukhona isishayamthetho esaziwayo esihlanganiswa ngePlutarch.
U-Likeurg wazalwa cishe ngo-800 BC. Ns. ESparta. Izethulo zobuntu bomlando we-pedigree buhlukile. Ubunzima e-Genealogy buchazwa yisibalo semicimbi nokunganembile kwemithombo, kanye nokuxhumana komndeni okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Kunomqondo wokuthi umthetho wesishayamthetho wayenalo kwiNdodana yeNkosi yeNkosi u-Evna futhi wayeyinzalo yama-geusyusisidides. Ngemuva kokushona komfowabo omdala kaPolydekt, u-Likeurg wakhuluma njengomgcini wendodana yakhe uHarila. UHerodotus emibhalweni wabiza umfana ngeqembu. Abaphikisi bakaLiburg bakholelwa ukuthi ufuna ukugxila emandleni ezandleni zakhe. Ukuze ugweme izingxabano, iSpartan yaqhubeka nohambo.
Kufinyelele kulolu suku ukuthi iSpartan yahlala eKrethe, eGibhithe, yavakashela edolobheni nasezindaweni zokuhlala zeGrisi yasendulo. Ukubuyela ezweni lakubo, waba ngumguquki oyinhloko futhi wathuthukisa imibono esemqoka yohlelo lombuso.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nomlingani wesishayamthetho noma inzalo yesikebhe, izindaba zithule. Idatha egciniwe ikhombisa ukuthi impilo yomuntu siqu yeLacirg yakhelwe ezungeze imisebenzi yombuso futhi iphakamise umshana. Ukuntuleka kwekhaya kuze kube yilapho ubumnyama bokuba mdala, umalume wamqinisekisa ubuqotho nokulondeka.Isikhathi samahhala, i-Likeurg enikelwe esifundweni sohlelo lombuso lakwamanye amazwe, elalibonakala ngemuva kwemithetho ehlongozwayo. Wangena ngesiko namaSiko lezindawo lapho ayememeza khona kuwo ugqozi nemininingwane ewusizo. Phakathi kwabangane bemfihlakalo, imbongi ye-falet yayisiye yaqonda futhi ezisekelweni zomthetho.
Ukukhuthala
Ngokwemininingwane ethile, ukuguqulwa kwe-Likeurg kubuzwa abakwethunzi. Isinqumo sokuqala saba ukuqashelwa yizakhamizi ezigcwele zalabo ababeyinzalo kaDoriya. Leli qembu lifaka ngezikhathi ezithile - mahhala, kepha izakhamuzi ezidaya ezazibandakanyeka ezindabeni zokuhweba nakwimisebenzi yezandla. Izakhamizi zezifundazwe ezinqotshwe zaziyizigqila. Umphakathi ubuse amakhosi amabili ngasikhathi sinye.
Umthethosisekelo omenyezelwe ngomthethosisekelo we-sparta wayegqoka igama "elikhulu le-retro". Ukusungulwa okubalulekile kwakuyinhlangano yeGerusia, uMkhandlu wabadala abangama-30. Kule nyunyana, amadoda ayeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala, kanye namaKhosi, axoxa ngezenzo nezinqumo. Ababusi babemi ekhanda lamasosha aseSpartan futhi ngasikhathi sinye benza imisebenzi yabamele izinkolo zenkolo.
I-apella, umhlangano wabantu, wathatha noma wenqabe izinqumo zasematebhulu. Abahlanganyeli abangama-30 be-Association bakhetha ama-Geront nabanye abamele iziphathimandla. Indoda kuphela efinyelele eminyakeni engama-30 ubudala ingangena e-Apellery. Umhlangano wabika kanye ngenyanga. Imihlangano yayihlanganisa ama-efos ama-5, aphinde aqokwa njalo ngonyaka. Abahlanganyeli bezinhlangano balawula uhlelo lukahulumeni. U-Ehoforas angabiza isikhalazo kanye ne-gerucia, babeganwe ekwahluleleni futhi balawula imithetho yemithetho. Bavunyelwa ukukhansela izixazululo zasebukhosini nasezinhlotsheni.
U-Likeurg wethula ubusika kanye nendlela yezempi empilweni yabakwethu kanye nokukhuliswa kwentsha ngezimo zesiyalo esiqinile. Kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, abafana bafika emfundweni yezomphakathi, ukuhlakanipha kwezempi, futhi eminyakeni engama-20 baba ngamalungu omphakathi. Amadoda aphatha insiza kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60. Umqondo kaLiokuRurg wangeniswa esiko lokudla kwetafula elijwayelekile, i-SISEMI. Kwaqinisa umoya wokuhlanganyela.
Amadoda amadala aqukethe ama-Emineits, amayunithi amancane aklanyelwe abantu abangama-25-50 abunjwe yisifungo esivamile. Izigaba ezihlelekile zabantu abangama-30 - u-Triakada.
Isishayamthetho sasikisela ukwahlukanisa izwe lomuzi waseSparta ziye eziza ezisabalalisa phakathi kwabakhileyo ukuze kungahlukaniswa nabacebile nabampofu. ULacon wahlukaniswa waba yizinkulungwane ezingama-30, kwasungulwa amasimu ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9 azungeze iSparta ezungeze iSparta yabaSpartans. Ubukhulu ngasinye kwanele ukuqinisekisa izidingo zomndeni.
Izinhlamvu zemali zegolide nezesiliva zathathwa zivela kuwo wonke umuntu. Bathathelwa indawo ama-iron oollas. U-Likgga uvimbele ukuboniswa kokunethezeka, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibizayo ezikhiqizwe ezweni lakubo noma elethwe kwamanye amazwe.
Izinguquko zombusi zadunyiswa, njengoba inani leziqu lincipha, futhi abantu abangachazeli iziphathimandla abangenakulingana. Kepha ohlelweni olucatshangwe kahle bekukhona ubunzima. Wayesekelwe esibindi nasemandleni, ebaluleke kakhulu imfundo ethe xaxa. Ukuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye kanye namakhono okudala angenaso isikhala. Inkululeko yobuntu yahlanjalazwa ngumbuso owaphenduka inhlangano yezempi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-sparta kwamangalela cha.
Ukushona
Njengoba usuqede ukwethulwa kwezinguquko, i-lipurg yahlanganisa uMkhandlu Kazwelonke futhi yamemezela ukuhamba kwayo eDelphi. Ababusi nabamele uhulumeni bathembisa ukungashintshi imithetho eyamukelwe ngaphambi kokubuya Kwakhe. Ohambweni, isishayamthetho safa. Eminye imithombo ihumusha izinsuku zokugcina zendoda ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, enye inguqulo ithi umcabangi washona e-Elide, kanti omunye wenza intombi yokugcina, okwesithathu ichaza kulo msebenzi.
Ngokuya ngenganekwane, imbangela yokufa kukaLityg kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi wazisebenza nendlala. Isishayamthetho senzeka sikhaphela umzimba womlilo, futhi uthuli luphonsa olwandle ukukhulula izithembiso ezivela kulo mswakama. Kusukela ekufeni komcabangi, izakhamizi zoMbuso zazinelungelo lokushintsha umthetho.