I-Biograge
UMkhandlu Amiral Alan Shepard, obambe iqhaza ohlelweni lweNASA Space, waba yisakhamuzi sokuqala saseMelika, owenze indiza engaphansi. Ebusheni bakhe, abalwa nezindiza futhi besebenza ngumfundisi wamasosha, umshayeli wendiza akazange acabange ukuthi eminyakeni ethile kamuva, abantu bazovuma futhi baziqhenye.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alan Bartlett Shepard - UJr. wazalwa ngoNovemba 1923 emndenini wakwa-American Lieutenant Colonel nomfazi wakhe kuphela osemthethweni. Okhokho be-Astronaut yesikhathi esizayo, iBrithani yendabuko ngobuzwe yayingabagibeli beMkhumbi We-Maiflower, owazi kahle izwe elisha.
Ubaba, ongowokuzalwa edolobheni laseDerry, ongumnikazi webhange lendawo, wabamba iqhaza ezenzakalweni zempi yezwe yokuqala neyesibili. Umuntu ohlakaniphile nofundile owalwa emaphethelweni eYurophu, ekude nomlingani, wathola izihloko nezikhundla.
Ngenxa kamama u-Alan Bartlett nodadewabo omncane uPodina bangenele esikoleni samabanga aphansi ka-Adams ngaphansi kokuboshwa kothisha abanolwazi. Lapho, umfana owayenesifiso sezibalo, isazi semvelo kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi, wajoyina inhlangano ebiyelwe umfana futhi wathola abangane bokuqala.
Eminyakeni yama-30 ekhulu lama-20, uShepard wathuthela esiyalweni esizimele, ababanakekelayo abavela esisekelweni salo sasingamalungu omndeni wakhe. Waba nesithakazelo ekukhiqizeni indiza, waba uMdali womphakathi oyingqayizivele futhi, esefunde ukwenza amakhophi endiza, anikele zonke izinsuku zakhe zamahhala.
Izikhathi zeSikhumbuzo e-biography yokuqala zazivakashelwa inkundla yezindiza futhi zihamba ngezinyawo ezihamba ngomkhumbi osuya eDerry ziye edolobheni elingumakhelwane. Kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, osemusha waseMelika waqala ukuphupha ngomsebenzi womshayeli wendiza futhi watheleleka ngalesi sifiso samalungu endilinga.
Emzamweni wokungena emphakathini ophakeme wabanqobi besibhakabhaka, u-Alan ukuphotha phakathi kwabashayeli bezindiza ethembeni lokuthola isifundo esingahlelekile. Ngokushesha, abeluleki babona futhi bawazisa amakhono kule nsizwa futhi beza ngokuvumelana ukuthi kuzoba yinto enkulu emakilasini.
Kungazelelwe, kwabaningi, ekugcineni kwe-Academy, iziqu zazifuna ukuba zibandakanyeke emikhunjini, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlanganyela ebuthaneni, ngenxa yobusha akazange eze. Ungene esikhungweni esenziwe ngu-Admiral Farragut, ngaleso sikhathi okwakuthathwa njengezikole ezinhle kakhulu zokulungiselela.
Lapho usufunde ukuphatha imikhumbi nama-yachts, Shepard wabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni futhi njengengxenye yeqembu labafundi wawina imiklomelo eminingana ehlonishwayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwethiyori yokuzula kuvunyelwe le nsizwa ukuba ithole iziqu ze-bachelor ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1940.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngesikhathi sempi, okwamboza iplanethi, u-Alan wazama ukuxhumana kaningi nezihlobo, ngakho-ke wachitha namaholide akhe edolobheni lapho udadewethu afunda khona. Lapho, wahlangana nentombazane egama linguLouise Bruerer, owayengowoluhlobo oludala, izwe elalivele liziqhenye ngalo.Ehlobo lika-1944, naphezu kwemibhikisho kaYise noMama, abasha abahlakaniphile nobuhle bokuzinikezela baba ngumfazi osemthethweni weShepard. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amalungu aphezulu alawo magama abunjiwe, futhi lo mbhangqwana waqala ukubhekwa njengomndeni waseMelika ogcwele.
Ngemuva kokuxazululwa kwengxabano yomhlaba, u-Alan noLouise banezingane, kodwa umsebenzi wezempi wensizwa wasibekela impilo yomuntu siqu. Umlingani, osele wedwa, wakhuphuka waphakamisa amantombazane amabili, ezama ukukhuthaza umuzwa wokuqhosha kanye nethemba elifanele ngempela.
Maphakathi nawo-1950, ingane yesithathu yavela emndenini, umshana kaBure, owayehlala ekhaya ngemuva kokushona kukadadewabo. Ngaphandle kokwenza amaphepha asemthethweni, izihlobo zilethe i-sirotot futhi, ukwahlulela ngezimpendulo nezithombe ezihlanganisiwe, zazinomusa omkhulu kuye.
Umsebenzi futhi undiza enyangeni
Umsebenzi ka-Alan Alan Shepard waqala ukugibela i-esminet cogswell, eyayiyingxenye yemikhumbi ye-Pacific US Air Force Fteret. Le nsizwa ikhombisa isibindi ezinyangeni zokuqala zenkonzo yamasosha futhi yahlanganyela ekusebenzeni lapho izwe lalifanele khona ngemuva kwalokho.
Ngesikhathi sohambo lwebhizinisi e-Okinawa, i-Astronaut yesikhathi esizayo yayibhekele ukuhlinzeka ngezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza ezibekwe emkhunjini. Ukusabela okusheshayo nesiyalo kwavumela amaMelika ukuba ahlukanise phakathi futhi abe ngomunye wamakhulu amaqhawe ahlanganyela empini enkulu kunazo zonke.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgemuva kokuthi ukunqoba ngaphezulu kweJapan Shepard kuxazululwe eTexas futhi kwaqala inkambo yendiza ngo-1946. Abafundisi, bavame ukugxeka amakhono omfundi omusha, bafundisa i-delly yomdabu ebudlelwaneni obufanele futhi basebenze.
Ukuze aphumelele, u-Alan wathatha izifundo futhi ekugcineni wafanelwe ukwamukelwa futhi wabonisa umphumela. Uthole imivimbo yomshayeli wendiza wasolwandle ngemuva kokwenza ngcono izimfanelo futhi ajoyine ama-detchement of Fighters, abe nesitifiketi esikhulu.
Kuma-50s, uShepard wabandakanyeka ekuhlolweni kwezindiza zempi futhi wenza izivivinyo eziningi ezibalulekile zamandla endiza aseMelika. Ngenkathi esibhakabhakeni ngaphezulu kwe-United States ukuze uqoqe imininingwane, wahlanganyela kuleli cala, lapho ebuntwaneni ebukeka ngobuqotho.
Isipiliyoni esitholakele savunyelwa u-Alan ukuba abe ngumfundisi wezindiza, bese kuphela lapho kuphela iNewport College, afike emikhunjini ye-Atlantic. Lapho esesebenze izinkulungwane zamahora ngemuva kweHelm of Fighters nendiza ye-jet, leli phoyisa lifakazele umyalo owawungumshayeli wobuchwepheshe.
Entwasahlobo ka-1959, uShepard weza edayisa lezinkanyezi, okuthi ohlakeni lweHlelo Luhlu lweMercury olulungiselelwe ukufika enyangeni. UDonald Slaton, uDonald Slaton, uJohn Glenn namanye amasosha baye baqeqesha iminyaka emibili ukukhazimulisa amazwe abo endabuko.
U-Alan, owayephambi kweSoviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, wayenelungelo lokuba ngowokuqala ukukhuphuka ebhodini le-mercury-redstone. Ngesikhathi sokundiza isikhathi esincane, umshayeli wempi onobungcweti, ngokungafani nokwandulela kweRussia, waphatha kabusha umkhumbi.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgemuva kokuphuma okuphumelelayo nokuqondisa izinsimbi ngokungagudluki, uShepard wakhonza njenge-Dubler yabanye abafakizicelo bendiza. Wabhalwa ngumkhuzi womkhumbi "Gemini" maphakathi nawo-1960s, kodwa ngenxa yesifo esithathwe sangaphansi, indawo yakhe yathathwa omunye umshayeli wendiza.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezinyanga eziningi, i-American ibuyele ohlelweni lwesikhala kwathi ngemuva kweLouis Armstrong ne-BASZ, i-Oldrin yafika ebusweni benyanga. Imicimbi yango-1971 yachazwa encwadini ye-autobiographical, eshicilelwe nezintatheli, izihlobo kanye nomkam amthandayo.
Ukushona
NgoJulayi 1998, umhlaba wafunda ngokufa okungazelelwe kwe-astronaut, wandiza kabili emkhathini futhi watshala enyangeni. Ukufa ngenxa ye-leukemia esibhedlela saseCalifornia sekufundeni amaMelika ekulimaleni, imiphefumulo ehlushwa yileli lizwe.