I-Biograge
Isibongo Dmitry Pozhaskiy sijwayelekile kunoma ngubani owabona isikhumbuzo esidumile esikweletini esibomvu saseMoscow, lapho isikhulu sikhonjiswa khona umbhangqwana onomngane wempi yempi kaKuzma Mini. I-Feat of the Militia, isisekelo seholide lomphakathi - usuku lobumbano lwabantu, olugujwa njalo ngonyaka ngamaRussia ngosuku lokukhumbula - ngoNovemba 4.Ubuntwana nentsha
UPrince Dmitry wazalwa ngo-1578. Ubaba wakhe uMikhail Fedorovich Pozharsky wayeyinzalo kaRurikovich. Phakathi kokhokho bakhe abadumile nguYuri Dolgoruky. Umama uMaria (i-efrossiania) beklemishev futhi ungowokugugu ohle futhi wayekhule esimweni seVerkhovna yabafana egcekeni le-Tsariarian laseMoscow.
Amadodana amathathu nendodakazi kaDariya azalelwa emndenini, endabeni yabo bonke. Ukumlandela umfana kwavela, okwathi, kepha emhlabeni obizwa ngokuthi uDmitry ukuhlonipha uSt. Dimitri Solnsky, inkumbulo yakhe egujwa ngoNovemba 8. Abafowethu abancane benkosana ebizwa ngokuthi nguVasily no-Yuri, okulandelayo kwafa kuseyingane. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi ama-pozhars afundiswe kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala. Okungenani, imibhalo yempahla ngemuva kokushona kukababa, uPrince Dmitry wazisayina ngokwakho uqobo, futhi kwakuwumzuzwana nje.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi lo mndeni uhlala eSuzdal County, lapho ithuna lomndeni litholakala endaweni yesigodlo se-Spaso-Evfimiyev. Ubaba wangcwaba khona uBaba lapho, kamuva nje nomama. Ngemuva kokushona kukaMikhail Fedorovich, inkosazana nezingane yathuthela eMoscow, lapho babenendlu eSretenka, eyayinefa kuMkhulu wayo.
Umama wenza umsebenzi egcekeni: kusukela endaweni yesoka leNkosi uBoris GodInova, lona wesifazane waba phakathi kwe-Moscow Nobility ye-Monesch of the monarch kanye nekusasa zangaphansi zabo. Indodana yakhe uDmitry yaqala inkonzo yasendlini yezeluleko eneminyaka engu-15 ngesikhundla se-stranat enengubo. Umama nendodana bavame ukungamukeli iKing Boris, njengoba owesifazane engazange akhathazeke ngomzingeli nokulahla, kuholele imidlalo yenkantolo. Ngo-1602, i-pozharsky yaba yi-munbaw.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokuya kokubuyekezwa kwakweSonto, imibhalo engokomlando, ukuvezwa kwengqondo kweqhawe laseRussia kuhlolizwe kuphela ezimfanelweni ezinhle. Ufundile kakhulu, uphana futhi unobulungiswa, i-pozharsha yancishwa ubuqili nokuzikhukhumeza, ngakho-ke ichazwa njengomuntu ofanele futhi ebalulekile emvelweni.UPrince Drimitry washada noPraskovye Bartholevevna, owamnika izingane eziyisithupha - amadodana kaPeter, uFedori, u-Ivan namadodakazi aseKseniya, u-Anastasia no-Elena. Onke amantombazane ayeshade nababayo nombusi, futhi amadodana abhajwe enkonzweni yenkantolo. Izingane zakwabo ezimbili zenkosana zazimiselwe ukusinda, kanye nomlingani owayeshona ngo-1635.
Umfelwa oneminyaka engama-57 wazama injabulo empilweni yakhe okwesibili, ukushada nenkosazana u-Feofere Golitsy, waphila kuwo waze washona. Izingane azizange zibelethe umlingani omusha, kodwa ngokwakhe washiya impilo yakhe ngo-1651.
Ukugcina esimweni
INkosana yasePozharsha yenkonzo yawela eminyakeni kaLifethey. Ngomsebenzi wakhe, indoda yakwazi ukubona okungaphezu kwesisodwa njengesihlalo sobukhosi sasebukhosini isuka esandleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuvame ukufunwa ngabantu ababengewona amalungelo amafa. Waqala ukukhonza uPrince Dmitry eBoris GodInov.
Ngo-1605, ngemuva kokushona kukaTsar Boris, uLhadmitmiy ngabuya emandleni, lapho isikhulu esiqhubeka sisebenza khona njengempama - ukuyokudla kwasebukhosini. NgoMeyi 1606, umkhohlisi owabulawa esihlalweni sobukhosi wathathelwa indawo nguVasily Shuisky, futhi i-pozharsky yayiphakathi kwalabo abafunga inkosi entsha. ERussia, izikhathi ezididekile zeza: uLhadmitry wandise njengamakhowe ngemuva kwemvula, izingongolokazi namaLithuani kwalimaza amadolobha nemizana, ezinhlangeni kwabagibeli ababenekwaneliswayo ngokuqinile, okwakuthululelwa ngokuqinile, okwakuthelwa kakhulu, okwakuthululelwa kakhulu, okwakuthululelwa kakhulu, okwakuthenjiswa kakhulu, kwathelwa izidumbu.
Enye yalezi zinto ezinyuselwayo, ephethwe ngaphansi kobuholi baka-Ivan Bolotnikov, icindezelwe futhi iPrince Pozharsky. Wakhumbula isifungo sokwethembeka osinikwe nguVasily Shui, yize ayedutshulwa kaninginingi kwi-Rouch Coupon. UDmitry Mikhailovich wathola isikhundla sombusi weZaraiasky ngo-1609, futhi indima yakhe ngesikhathi esinenkinga kunzima ukuwela ngokweqile. Isikhulu senqabile ukubona i-falgedimia II futhi, kanye nezakhamizi zaseZagaisk, indlala edolobheni elivinjezelwe.
Akazange azamukele izinqumo ze-Oyar Duma, okuthi, ngemuva kokuphelele, uVasisy Shuisky wabiza umbuso wombuso wasePoland waseVladislav eMoscow eMoscow. Ngokucatshangelwe ngokufanayo nomlilo kanye nababusi bamanye amadolobha, abahlangana emabunzini abantu futhi bahole amazinga abo enhlokodolobha ukusiza ama-muscovites agqekeze izigxobo ezivela eKremlin.
Ukukhululwa kwaseMoscow
NgoFebhuwari, 1611, amabutho empi, lapho amaqhawe avela eNizhny Novgorod, eRyazan, kostroma, vladimir, eKazan namanye amadolobha, asondela eMoscow. UPrince Pozharsky uphinde wangena ezikhundleni zempi, ezadlula zabantu abangu-1,200. Ngesikhathi sokuvukelwa kwemigwaqo emigwaqweni yenhlokodolobha, uDmitry Mikhailovich walimala waphuzwa kuZiqu-zi-Stargied Lavra, futhi ukusuka lapho waya efeni lakhe, lapho atholakala khona ekulimaleni kwakhe.Ngalesi sikhathi, amasosha okuqala aphela ngaphandle kokuthola umphumela. Inzalamizi uHermogen, ilolwa izigxobo ezimangalisweni zesigodlo sezindela, yenza idiploma kubantu baseRussia, ifuna ukulwela abakwa-Ingenion, bafunwa eKremlin. Isikhalazo sakhe sasekelwa u-Archimandrite uZiqu-zintathu - Sergiye Lavra Dionysius. Phambilini, izakhamizi zaseNizhny Novgorod zaphendula kwabanye, okuthi, nokuhlinzekwa kwamakhanda kaZube, uKuzma mini waqala ukulungiselela amasosha e-Clond Folk.
INizhny Novgorod AmbassAdors waya efeni likaPrince Pozharski ukucela ukuthi abe ngumkhuzi wawo lapho ukukhululwa kweMoscow. Isikhulu esasikhuluma ngebutho sisuka eNozhny Novgorod sibheke enhlokodolobha entwasahlobo yango-1612, sagijimisana nenani lamasosha emadolobheni alungile nasemizaneni. Abalingani bomdobi abadobi bakhululwa ePolyakov Yaroslavl. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amasosha kazwelonke angena ezimpini ezinamabutho asePoland naseLithuania eMoscow. Umzabalazo wawubambezeleka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi ekugcineni, ama-Ingelina ashiye izindonga zeKremlin kuphela ngoNovemba 1, 1612.
Ngo-1613, iZemsky Cathedral yanquma ukukhetha inkosi yaseMikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Omunye wabantu abaphambili besonto lesonto laseSontweni LaseKhathedrali kwakuyinkululeko yePozharsky yaseMoscow, ngoba i-Fear yakhe yakhiwa ngesiChin Boyharin futhi yanikeza isisulu ngezigaba. UMikhail Dmitrievch, uMikhail, waqhubeka nenkosi entsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqoqa intela engcebweni, izingxoxo zezombusazwe eziholwa yizinhloso zomkhumbi - indikimba yomkhumbi - indikimba enkulu yokwahlulela yombuso waseRussia.
Ukushona
UPrince Pozharsky uqhubeke nenkonzo egcekeni elisezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yezinyathelo zobudala iminyaka engama-60. Ngesikhathi ayephakathi kwabantu abacebile nabanethonya lesikhathi sakhe. UDmitry Mikhailovich washona ngo-1642, imbangela yokufa kwezazi-mlando ithule. Ithuna lenkosana edumile litholakala ethuneni elijwayelekile leSpaso-Evfimiye Monastery yedolobha laseSuzdal.
Ukukhumbula
- Izikhumbuzo eMoscow, eSuzdal, eZariyayk namanye amadolobha ziphakeme ngokuhlonipha inkosana.
- Igama likaDmitry Pozharsky ligqoke elinye lamanyuvesi aseMoscow.
- Imikhumbi yamanzi, kufaka phakathi umkhumbi, i-cruiser, umkhumbi wezimoto kanye neqhwa iqhwa liqanjwe ngegama lenkosana.
- Emadolobheni amaningi aseRussia kukhona imigwaqo egqoke igama lesikhulu.