I-Biograge
UPhilip II waba ngumuntu osayina emlandweni waseRussia. Ukuba ngumbhishobhi wesonto laseRussia, iMetrolitan yaseMoscow nakulo lonke iRussia, yasola i-Okrichnin e-Ivan Grozny, ayicabangele ingamukeleki ngezindlela zenkosi. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, indoda yakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi emihle kunalokho ayefanelwe udumo nodumo kubantu.Ubuntwana nentsha
Mayelana nengane e-biography yaseSt. Saint iyaziwa. Lapho kuzalwa ngoFebhuwari 11, 1507, waqanjwa ngokuthi uFedor Stanovich Kolychev. Abazali bomfana babengeyabaya abadala.
Umama wafundisa indodana yakhe ukuba ibe semfuleni umKristu. Le ngane yafunda idiploma emiBhalweni Engcwele, futhi yayazi nokuthi ingabhekana kanjani nezikhali, ukugibela. Kepha kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka, izindaba zabhekana nezinkabi zikangakabi emakhono ezempi, kodwa zithandaze nasezincwadini zokufunda.
Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, uFyodor Stepanovich wakhonza egcekeni lePrince vasily III. Ngo-1537, abantu abavela kuhlobo lwensizwa babesekelwa u-Andrei Staritsky, owaphakamisa umbhikisho ngo-Evgorod ngokumelene no-Elena Glinsky, umama weNkosi yesikhathi esizayo u-Ivan ube esesabekayo. Ukushushiswa kwaqala kuKolychev, abaningi babulawa. Ukuze ugweme ukufa, uFedor ngasese washiya inhlokodolobha.
Ministry and feat
Ngemuva kweMoscow, le ndoda yafinyelela esigodini saseSolovesky, lapho yaba yi-novice. UBoyar usesimweni nezinye izinkuni ezisikiwe, ukumba umhlaba. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1.5, u-Igumen Tesh Fesh ezindela, enikeza igama elithi Filiphu. Njengomeluleki ongokomoya, kwenziwa indoda endala ka-Ion Chamine. Ngo-1548, u-Alexy wenqabile i-san ngenxa yokuguga futhi wabiza umlandeli kaFiliphu.Ngemuva kokhetho lwe-Igumen entsha yeNgolosi Yezindlu Zolovesky Kolychev yathuthukisa kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, izakhiwo zazakhelwe izidingo zezomnotho nezezimboni, ama-mill, kwakhiwa ama-mills kanye namathebula okuguqulwa isimo. Ngoba izindela zenza amaseli amasha nesibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsimbi zaqala ukusebenzisa izinsimbi.
Futhi uFiliphu wahlupheka esontweni lasePreobrazhenskyy le-Preints of Saints Zosima neSavvatiya. Izithonjana eziphilayo zabasebenza ngakuwo kwakumangaza, futhi inkosi u-Ivan Grozny yathumela okuthunyelwe okungu-2 ku-crayfish yabo. UHegimen wayevame ukususwa esigodlweni sezindela ehlane ukuze athandaze. Kunenganekwane yokuthi ngolunye usuku kwakukhona uMsindisi emqhele weTern. Endaweni yomhlangano, kwavela intwasahlobo, kamuva uKolychev kamuva wabeka khona i-chapel.
Ngesikhathi sokuthola indoda esesimweni sombhalo, inani leminikelo yesigodlo senyuka. Ngakho-ke, u-Ivan UV wethule inani elikhulu lomhlaba, wavuma ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kukasawoti. Kuthunyelwe lapha futhi kuyigugu esontweni izinto. Ngo-1551, uPhilip wabamba iqhaza esontweni elikanye nalo, lapho athola khona iSonto leBandla elisuka enkosini.
Isikhathi sokukhethwa kwedolobha laseMoscow sasifanele. Ngesikhathi umfakisicelo oyinhloko esendaweni, umbhishobhi omkhulu, wangena o-Opal waseGrozny, ngoba angizange ngivumelane nezepolitiki yenkosi. Ngo-1566, u-Ivan IV obizwa ngePhilip Kolychev eMoscow waphakamisa ukwamukela i-san.
Uthe uzovuma lokhu kuphela ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwe-Okrichnina. Inkosi yayingeke iqhubeke nokuvunyelwa kwabangu-Igumene, futhi bakwazile abakwazile ukuncenga uFyodor Stepanovich ukuba anikeze umbusi.
Esimweni esisha, umuntu wafuna ukulingisa isithombe sedolobha elikhulukazi, owahamba uGrozny embusweni. Ngokuzithoba kukaFiliphu, kwakungekho nje kuphela i-moscow diocese, kodwa futhi nesonto laseRussia. Isikhathi senkonzo yakhe saphawulwa ukwehla kwenani lokubulawa kwabantu enhlokodolobha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuthayipha. Isimo sesishintshile ngo-1568, ekugcineni komkhankaso wase-Livonia wase-Livonia.
Kusukela ohlangothini lwenkosi, kwaqala ukwashula okusha, ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kwahamba. Imicimbi yaholela ekukhuphukeni kwengxabano phakathi kwabefundisi ababi nabaseRussia. UKolychev waqhubeka nokunamathela ngombono wokungatholakali kobukhona be-oprichnin. Ngemuva kwenye yeLiturgy Ivan IV, izokhuleka, yabuza uFiliphu Wezibusiso. Wenza sengathi angaqapheli umbusi. Lesi senzo sedolobha elikhulungekile babangela ulaka lwenkosi.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, kwabulawa izindawo eziningi zikaKolychev, kwahlelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ukuze kufinyelelwe amasu "acwebile" ekhanda lesonto laseRussia elibhekene nesabekayo. UFyodor Stepanovich washiya inhlokodolobha. Ngokushesha iKhomishini yafika eSolovetsky Monastery ukuqoqa amadokhumenti "amangalela" ngokumelene nalowo mHegimen wangaphambili.
NgoNovemba 8, 1568, phakathi nenkonzo yeFedor Stanovich eTremlin Temple of Assuse Fedor basmantov imemezele ukuncishiswa kwedolobha elikhulu. Inkantolo yesonto yenzeka phezu kukaFiliphu. Ngokwemiphumela yomhlangano, kwafakwa owesilisa ngaphansi kwesigodlo se-EPIPHAny. Imithombo ebhaliwe iyagcinwa, okukhombisa ukuthi uGrozny wayefuna ukushisa iKolychev. Ngokunokwenzeka, abefundisi basolwa ngobuthakathi.
Kodwa-ke, abameleli bakaFradeli bancenga umbusi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, le ndoda endala yalethwa eMoscow ukuze kwamenyezelwa umusho wokugcina - isiphetho saphakade. Indawo yokuboshwa okwesikhashana kwakuyisigodlo saseNikola ubudala.
Ukushona
Kamuva, uPhilip wadingiswa eTver wanquma ukucatshangelwa kwezindlu zezindela. Ngo-1569, u-Ivan Iv waqala ukulungiselela umkhankatha weNovgorord. Ngenxa yesibusiso samabutho, inkosi yathumela kuMaryutu Skuratov. Ngokweminye imithombo, umfundisi wenqaba ukufeza isifiso sombusi, futhi umkle wamonga.
I-abbot yesigodlo sombulali yathi le ndoda endala yafa, njengoba yayishisa kakhulu esitokisini. Izazi-mlando ziguqula ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu kwangaphambilini kwakuyinkomba eyimfihlo yeGrozny. I-Skuratov ayikwazanga ukwenza izihluku ezinjalo ngenhloso yazo, futhi ngemuva kokungajeziswa.
Intshonalanga
Ngo-1591, eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokushona kukaFilip II, amandla akhe angcwatshwa esosigcawini se-Peobrazhenskyness yaseSolovesky Monastery. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuvela ukuphila kwabefundisi, nosuku lokuhlonipha njengoba oNgcwele ibizwa ngokuthi uJanuwari 9. Entwasahlobo ka-1646 Tsar, u-Alexey Mikhailovich kanye nenzalamizi uJoseph bathumela i-emulsion e-Edude ne-oda lokuhambisa amathebuli eMoscow yangaphambilini nayo yonke iRussia emdlavuza ngokuvalwa okufanele.Kwi-1650th Ivan Kolychev yanikela ngesigodlo sezindela zesembozo kumdlavuza wesihlobo. Ngenhloso efanayo, i-Pokrov yathunyelwa lapha, yadalwa endaweni yokusebenzela e-Evdokia Streshneva. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, inkosi yayala izindlwana zangcwele eMoscow eMoscow. Inzalamizi nikon yafika ngesikhathi sezingcezu. Ngokwesicelo sezinceku zasendaweni, washiya ingxenye yezingcweliso eSolovki, enye inzuzo naye enhloko-dolobha.
Ngaso yonke indlela, izithunywa u-Alexei Mikhailovich zahlala nomdlavuza emathempelini nangamaqoqo amakhulu amakholwa kwakuyimikhuleko. EMoscow, emcimbini wokubuya kukaNikon nge "umthwalo" okuyigugu, "kwahlelwa ukugcwala. NgoJulayi 1952, umdlavuza uthunyelwe efeni lesonto lokucabanga. Ngaphezulu kwethuna abekwe isithonjana noDeyus.
UPhilip II kumasiko
Isithombe sabangcwele saseMoscow sashiwo kaninginingi ngesiko. Ngakho-ke, embhalweni wenoveli, u-Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy Prince Isiliva, iculo litshela ingoma elandiswa ngokubulawa kukaPhilip Malyatov. Uhambo lwe-Yiry Nagina "luya eziqhingini" lwethula abafundi eminyakeni yokugcina yempilo kaFyodor Stepanovich ngesimo sezindela, ngaphambi kokuba abe yidolobha elikhulu.
Ubuntu bukaKolychev baboniswa e-cinema. Isithombe seMetropolitan sivela kwifilimu ngo-1944 "u-Ivan Grozny" Umqondisi uSergei Eisenstein. Isithombe sikaPavel Lungin "Tsar" sitshela ngokuxabana kwabefundisi nombusi waseRussia. Izithombe zikaSanta Nokupenda ziyavela. Isibonelo, ezithombeni zikaNikolai Nereva, u-Alexander Litovchenko.