I-Biograge
Inzalamizi uHermogen ngumfundisi owaphatha iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia kusuka ngo-1606 kuye ku-1612. Umlingisi wesonto wamelana nokuhlaselwa kwezigxobo, ezenziwa ezwenikazikazi ezikhathini ezinzima, futhi wavimbela amanzi obuKatolika. Wazibonakalisa njengoPatriot wezwe, futhi umlando ugcina inkumbulo yama-hermogens njengemoto engcwele kanye nokuncenga kwe-orthodoxy.Ukuqala kwendlela
Imininingwane eqondile e-biography ye-hermogene ayigcinwanga, futhi ubufakazi bemisebenzi yabo yenziwa amarekhodi okwenziwa ngabantu besikhathi kanye nezizukulwane. Ngokusobala, wazalwa ngo-1530 futhi wayenguntanga ka-Ivan okubi. Phakathi kwezazi-mlando kukhona umbono wokuthi ingane egama linguNyermolam yavela emthonjeni yayihlobene nama-dossacks noma ama-Droansties aseShui naseGolitsyn.
UJunior wathuthela eKazan, lapho indawo yakhe yokuhlala yaba yisigodlo sezindela sokuguqulwa isimo. Lapha le nsizwa yazimisa okholweni futhi yanquma ukuzinikela ekukhonzeni iNkosi. Eminyakeni engu-1570, uJermala wayehlala lapho efika eSanta Nicholas eSonto LaseSanta Nicholas eSanta futhi wenza umthwalo wemfanelo wompristi.
Emithonjeni yomlando, echaza izimpilo zenzalamizi, kukhulunywa ngecala elibizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso. Ngo-1579, ngesikhathi sesomiso esinamandla, kwavela umlilo omkhulu eKazan. Leli ndle liphonswe inselelo esontweni elingcwele nikolsky esontweni laseKremlin, bese lisakazeka ophahleni lwezindlu.
Ngenkathi umlilo ulele, indodakazi kaSagittarius yayingumbono wesithonjana esifihliwe sentokazi yethu. I-shrine etholakele lapho intombazane yabikezela khona. Izikhonzi zesonto kanye nabantu basedolobheni bahlela ukugcwala. Bathutha isithonjana esiya eBlagoveshchenskyky Cathedral. Ekuhambeni kwenkonzo kwakukhona ukuphulukiswa kwezimpumputhe ezimbili. UHermogen wayeyilungu lomcimbi nofakazi wokuthi kwenzekani.
Impilo ne-feat
Ngo-1587, umpristi wamukela isisulu waba isimangaliso sesimangaliso saseMoscow yesigodlo sezindela. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, wathola iSan futhi kamuva ngenxa yenzalamizi ephelele ye-Iova yaba yidolobha elikhulu. Ekuqaleni kweHermogene ngo-1591 eKazan, usuku lwenkumbulo yamasosha ama-Orthodox awela ngesikhathi sedolobha. Ngokubusiswa kwe-IOW, lokhu okusha kwavunywa.UHermogen usabalalisa ama-orthodox phakathi kwezinye izizwe. Wabelana ngolwazi ngamaTatar kanye nabamele izizwe zeTurkic.
Ngo-1598, iKing Fyodor ivanovich yafa, kwathi uBoris GodInov weza emandleni. UHermogen waya lapho ukhetha inkosi entsha. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu esihlalweni sobukhosi, iLhadmitria I, iMetropolitan yasebenza eWoyarskoy Duma, kodwa waphikisana nomphikisi we-impostor. Ubefuna ubhapathizo lukaMarina Mnishek futhi waphikisana nokhetho lwenzalamizi u-Ignatia.
Lapho ngo-1606, uGrigory Oreveyev wabhujiswa, uhulumeni wagxila ezandleni zikaVasily Shui, futhi uHermogen wangena esikhundleni sazo ezondwa. UShuisyy wesaba ukuthi indawo yakhe ingathatha iPhyret, kepha e-1606 Patriarch yavunywa eSan. Naphezu kokungavumelani nokuxabana okusobala nenkosi, uHermogen wayehlala evikela yena.
Ukuthembela kuShuisky kwahlehlisa ukuvuselwa kwabampofu kanye nokuvela kwama-falsitriya II. Kwavela uzungu lokudumbulula inkosi. UHermogens waholela endaweni yangaphambili futhi wafuna ukusekelwa endabeni kahulumeni. Inzalamizi yenze i-feat, ukubeka impilo yakhe engcupheni. Wenza i-pastiot futhi wenqaba ukuvukela ngokungenakuthenjelwa. UBuntari wathuthela ohlangothini lwe-falgestmiria II. UHermogen wabathumela izincwadi ezimbili ezilandela, babuyela emuva ngendlela efanele futhi baphenduke.
Ekuqaleni, abasebenza abakwazanga ukubiza abantu ukuba bavuke, kepha ikhala leNkosi lalise-1610. Kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina, uHermogen wakhuluma ngasohlangothini lwenkosi. Ngisho nokuboshwa esigodlweni sezimangaliso, inzalamizi yafuna ukubuyisa inkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Amandla ashintshelwe ezandleni ze-semiboyarschin. Umfundisi wagxeka lezi zinguquko futhi wazama ukuhlela ukhetho lokwakhiwa kwenkosi yaseRussia. Kepha umbusi wakhethiwe uVladislav Sigismundovich. UHermogen kwadingeka aqaphele isimo sakhe, ngokuya ngobhapathizo nokuqedwa kwamaqhawe enkulumo ngokubumba komhlaba waseRussia.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwesiPolish, inzalamizi yaphendukela kwabezweni lwakubo, futhi ukudluliswa kwecala lakhe kwasekelwa abavikeli bezwe labo. UKazan waletha ikhophi yesithonjana sikaKazani sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, owaba yindawo enkulu yempi kazwelonke.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kweMoscow, uHermogen wathunjwa. Washiywa eSanna wathumela emgodini wesigodlo sezindela. Izigxobo zisheshe zifune ukunqanyulwa kokumelana, kepha inceku yesonto ayinakanga imiyalezo yabizelwa ama-patriots ukuthi angayeki. Kutholakala izigxobo, indela yokuzivimba kuze kube sekufeni, isizathu sokuthi ulakeke walamba nokoma.
Ukushona
UHermogen waboshwa ejele, kepha icala lakhe laqedwa. Ngo-Okthoba 1612, uKuzma minin noDmitry Pozhasky baxosha amabhodi eMoscow. Izinyanga eziyisithupha, uMikhail Romanov waba yinkosi, eyanqoba inzalamizi.
Ngo-1652, izinsalela zesikhonzi sebandla zasuka esimangalisweni sesigodlo sezindela esontweni elikhulu futhi sakhiwe ethuneni lokhuni. Umdlavuza wezinto ezihlobene wayalwa nguNikolai II. UHermogen wabalwa lapho ebhekene nosanta futhi waqashelwa njengompristi ngo-1913. Minyaka yonke ngoMashi 2 amamaki ngosuku lwenzalamizi.
Intshonalanga
Ngo-1913, ithempeli lokuqala lalingcwelisiwe ukuhlonipha uHermogens. Yahlelwa ngumhlangano waseMonarchic waseRussia. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu encwadini ethi "I-Theological Bulletin" Ishicilelwe i-Akathothist kuSt Hermogen.Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, ngo-2013, kwavulwa isikhumbuzo eMoscow ukuhlonipha oNgcwele. Isikhumbuzo siseduzane naseKremlin Wall, e-Alexandrovsky Garden. Abalobi ababaziwe - ISalavat Shcherbakov ne-Igor Voskresensky. Ngemuva konyaka, umphakathi wase-Armenia ka-Armenimevsk uxhase ukuvulwa kwesikhumbuzo kanye neKazan Cathedral yedolobha. Amakholwa nanamuhla akhokhele imithandazo yawo kwiHarly Hermogene.
Inzalamizi hermogene emasikweni
Kanye ne-feat ka-Ivan Susanin, izenzo zenzalamizi zaseHermogene zishiye umkhondo emlandweni, zenze igama lakhe njengeqhawe lenkathi.
Isiphetho somfundisi, esindima sakhe emlandweni wombuso kunzima kakhulu ukuwela ngokweqile, saphefumulela kaningi inzalo. Igama lakhe kukhulunywa ngalo "ku-New TALE of the Orthodox Russian State" enziwe ngo-1611. Inzalamizi inikezelwe ku-Opera "Saint Hermogen". Isithombe seqhawe sasifakwe ekukhiqizweni kwe- "Royal Way", eyayisendaweni yesesha yaseshashalazi yaseMoscow yeDrama yaseRussia. Ngo-1860, uPavel Chistyakov wabhala isithombe esizinikezele ukwenqatshwa kwezigxobo ze-hermogens.