Umlando Wemilingiswa
I-Pulchinell ngumlingiswa ogqamile we-Street Italian Comedy del Arte. Namuhla waba uphawu lwamasiko e-napletarian, asuka enkundleni yemidlalo yasemgwaqweni aye kwezinye izimboni zobuciko. Iqhawekazi elikhanyayo lizame ezithombeni eziningi nezimpawu ezafakwa esiteji Raffaele Viviani, Antonio Petito, Eduardo de Filippo.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
I-Pulchinell Mask ivele esiteji ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XVI, kanye nabanye abamele abamele i-Quartet yaseningizimu - Scasamucci, eTartalia kanye neCofillo. Ngokuqondene nokuqala kwayo, inqwaba yama-hypotheses alandelwa lapha. Ososayensi abaningi abagunyazayo nabalobi, kufaka phakathi i-Albrecht Dietrich, yathi waveza kabusha isithombe sikaJerester wasendulo waseRoma wase-Makkus.
Le nguqulo yasekelwa ukufana kokuvela kwezinhlamvu ezimbili - izigqoko zazo nezinhlobo zezibalo. UPulchinell uvele engxenyeni efanayo ye-Italy, lapho eminyakeni eyikhulu eyi-1.5 edlule, amahlaya azalwa enokubamba iqhaza kweMakcus. Kodwa-ke, ukwahlulela okunjalo akunabo ubufakazi obuthembekile.
Enye i-hypothesis inengqondo ngokweqiniso futhi isondelene ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XVI. Imaski ivele eningizimu ye-Italy, ngenkathi ku-North Comedy del Arte ubhekwe iminyaka engama-30. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ama-archetypes nezithombe zazaziwa nasendaweni yesehlakalo se-quartet eseningizimu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukunikeza ukuskena kwe-Satirical kubameli bomuntu ozakwabo njengozakwabo obusenyakatho - uHarlequin noBrighella. Ngakho-ke uPulchinell wavela - umlimi, osebenzayo noma inceku. Kuyini isimilo sabantu baseningizimu, lapha ngenxa yokufakwa kokugeleza kwe-plebeian mayelana nobumsulwa kohlobo lomlimi bekungafanele akhulume. Ngakho-ke, umlingisi uphume isikhathi eside futhi eguqulwa ngokuya ngomkhiqizo.
Igama le-mask lihunyushwa kwi-Italian ngokuthi "Inkukhu". Ukufana nenkukhu kuboniswe ngokubukeka kungukude, njengoqhwaku, ikhala, noma scallop.
Ekuseni kokusa kwehlaya del arte, iqhawe lathola ukusebenza kweSolo - ama-Pulvelies. Waba yinduku yokudlala, echaza itimu yakhe eyinhloko. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuvela kwakhe, umlingiswa kanye nesimo senhlalo kungahluka kakhulu, kepha ngisho nalokhu akuvumelanga noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kokuchazwa ukuxhumana ne-neapolitan prasur.
Ngakho-ke, isiko lemidlalo yaseshashalazini yasemgwaqweni asizange siphazanyiswe, futhi udumo lwase-Italiya base Balagen lwamvumela ukuba aphile namuhla.
Isithombe ne-biography ye-pulchinell
Ukuchazwa okuningiliziwe kwe-biography yesimilo kwaveza oMphakathi odumile uGalliani. Indaba ka-Abbot iqala ngeqiniso lokuthi abadlali abavela eComedy del Arte babuya ngemuva kokwethulwa kwedolobha eliseningizimu yeNaples. Endleleni bahlangana nabalimi abasebenza ezivinini. Izisebenzi ezikhathele zanquma ukuthatha isinyathelo, phapha nge-Theatrical Tropoupe.Abadlali abakahlali ezikweletini, ikakhulukazi njengoba inkemba ngamazwi yilokho abakuzwile ochwepheshe. Abalimi bebethule kancane, behluleka ukumelana namakhosi. Kepha phakathi kwawo kwakukhona umuntu osemncane osemusha owakhipha ama-epithets nama-epithes angenayo ngaphandle kokuma.
Ama-Comedian ahlasela ithalente elinjalo anquma ukumcela ngokwawo eTroupe. Le nsizwa egama linguPuchcho d'Eello ayizange yenqabe. Futhi ngokushesha kwathatha enye yezindawo zokuqala ukuthandwa phakathi kwabadlali. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, uDel Artte wahlale uyimaskhi, eyayibizwa ngokuthi yiPulchinell.
Akukho okuthakazelisa kancane ukuvela kwezenhlalo kwesithombe. Umlimi we-ineanom wasebenza njengesosha, futhi njengesela, nanjengoMthengisi. Izici ezikhona zomlingiswa wakhe - ubuwula noma ubuqili. Ukusuka emikhubeni emibi, ama-gluttony nobuvila kuyahlukaniswa.
U-Andrea Peruchchi, umhlanganisi wekhodi yamahlaya del arte, ugcizelele ukuthi isithombe sepulpinell kufanele sihlotshaniswe kuphela nobuwula. Abaculi abazamile ukukhombisa indima yeqhawe elihlakaniphile noma elinobuqili bagxekwa kanzima.
Umphakathi usabele njengohlamvu olumbaxambili njengokungamukeleli, uzizwa ungamanga. Ngakho-ke, e-Del arte yaqala ukugwema imizamo yokubeka ingqondo ye-kalaguore. Ngemuva kokufa kwamahlaya, lo mlingisi wabuyela ekubumbaneni.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, iqhawe lavela emigwaqweni yaseNaples ngezingubo zabampofu - amabhulukwe amhlophe, umbala ofanayo wehembe nesigqoko esimnyama esimnandi. Ebusweni kwakukhona imaski ngekhala elikhulisiwe. Kamuva, kwavuka isisu kanye nezinsimu. Lesi sakamuva sakhethwe ngenxa yomkhuba wokugoba lapho eshaywa ngababambiqhaza abaphezulu amahlaya.
Ngesikhathi sokuduka, isimilo sasiyi-kalach egayiwe, uhlobo lwabahlabeleli abavela ekilasini labasebenzi. Unkosikazi wakhe, noma kunjalo, wayevame ukuyala izimpondo zakhe. Ngakho-ke, le ndoda yazibonakalisa inomona ngisho ne-tyran. Wayevame ukumemeza, walwa futhi wakhononda. Impilo yakhe ayineme, futhi isimo sanda ngesibalo esikhulu sezingane ezibhekene nendlala futhi zivame ukukhala.
UPulchinell ngesiko
I-Pulcinell idume njengeHarlequin, hhayi e-Italy kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kulandelwa ikakhulukazi ezincwadini, lapho iqhawe liba khona njalo ngezinganekwane ngesimo sesosha elinamakhalethi abhubhisayo noma unodoli wokhuni.
Ebukhokweni obukwa-Visual, abaculi babona emahlayani abampofu awekho maskandi njengomuntu ophilayo. UPierre Leoni Getzi wadala uchungechunge lwemidwebo enesithombe somlingiswa aletha khona iziza eziningana. Isibonelo, ufundisa izingane, ubhala iTestamente, egula noma ethola ingcebo.
U-Alessandro Mama wabhala uku-oda imidwebo eminingana, lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko edlala isigingci, egibela imbongolo. I-canvas yakhe ibizwa nge- "Pullchineella Concert" ifakazela "umdanso weColombina". Okuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuphofu, okuhlotshaniswa nomlingiswa omkhulu womlingiswa, umculi wakhombisa e "Pulcinell kwasemini", lapho ikhanda lomndeni lidla khona ama-pasta macaroni.
Ngo-1920, i-Premiere ye-ballet ka-Igor Stravinsky yenzeka eGrand Opera Paris. Maphakathi nesakhiwo - i-Jester, lapho amadodakazi kaDkt., Rosset kanye ne-PREVENTEN OTHANDA. Futhi umlando womlingiswa ophambili obolekwe ku-Neapolitan Manuscript ka-1700. Eminyakeni eyikhulu ngemuva kokukhululwa kokusebenza, uzungu lubuyisa umqondisi u-Ilya ephila, wethula i-ballet yomphakathi "Pulcinell: umdlalo wamakhadi."
Ngo-2012, enkabeni yeNaples, kumiswa iqhawe le-Adigung ne-Multi-Lambere Hear. Umbhali wesibazi nguLello EskerpoSOPoSOPOTO. IMeya uLuigi de Madzhistis ithe lesi sikhumbuzo sifuna abase-Italiya "abanganikezi", futhi futhi bayenzela isiphetho sabantu kanye nefilosofi yedolobha.
Umhlali wasolwandle osoke olwandle-u-Balagar waholela ekuzalweni kwezimo ezihlukene futhi esiteji, nakubuciko bokubuka. Namuhla, lo mlingiswa we-forklore usuwuphawu olubonakalayo lweNaples. Isithombe somuntu ohlekisayo futhi ngeshwa sigcinwa izikhumbuzo, onodoli, imidwebo, izithombe ezitsheni nakwezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- I-French Polysinel ne-English Panch "yakhula" ivela e-Italian Balaguore.
- Izwi elisenkingeni ye-Jester kusuka kubadlali be-DED Artere abakhiqizwe ngosizo lokudla - idivaysi ekhethekile ngesimo samapuleti amabili.
- Esichazamazwini sase-Italian, leli qhawe leli nikezwe le ncazelo emnandi: "Imaski yaseNeapolitan, isici sayo esibonakalayo ukuntuleka komlingiswa."
I-Bibliography
- 1960 - "Indiza kaPulcorella"
- Ngo-1931 - "Abalingisi Bokhuni"
- 2019 - "Impilo kanye nokufika okumangalisayo kwePulnorella edumile ePulnorella evela eNaples"