I-Biograge
Umqambi wase-Italy Rujessero Leonkallo waziwa ngokuthi umsunguli we-Verism - Isitayela se-Vocal Orchestral sisebenza ngempilo yabantu abajwayelekile. Emisebenzini eyenziwe kuyo yonke impilo, okuthweswa iziqu kweNeapolitan Conservatory kusebenze kakhulu imibono emihle, enenjongo yomculo.Ubuntwana nentsha
URujsero Leonkallo wazalelwa eNapther 23, 1857 emndenini, lapho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobuciko bezibuciko zahlonishwa khona ezikhathini ezikude. Okhokho babangumqambi wesikhathi esizayo bahlanganyela ekupendweni nasebaziweyo, ngakho umfana nabazali bakhe bakhule kahle ukunambitheka kobuhle.
Ubaba, ukwephula amasiko omndeni, wathola imfundo yezomthetho futhi wasebenza ngemantshi yasebukhosini ngehhovisi nangamahluleli. Umama, njengowesifazane weqiniso wase-Italy, wahlanganyela ekhaya futhi wajabula kakhulu ngekusasa lakhe elibhalwe kuye.
Ngokwesithombe samarekhodi okugcina umlando, ngoNovemba 1860, intombazane eyafika kumqambi nodade wegazi kwavela emndenini kaLeonkallo. Ingane yafa esemncane emcimbini wokubhabhadiswa, kanye namalungu esibabi ngesikhathi eside, anesisindo yile nkathazo.
URujereo oneminyaka emithathu ubudala kanye nonina wathumela esifundazweni saseConesz, bahlala endlini ethokomele phakathi kwamagquma. Umfana ube nethuba elihlukile lokujabulela ubuhle bemvelo futhi ajwayelane namasiko asendulo ezakhamizi zezifunda eziseningizimu.
I-maestro Seasta Sebastian uRicci yaba nguthisha wokuqala waba umqambi wesikhathi esizayo, indoda eyethule ingane enethalente nomdlalo wamakhosi aseYurophu. Ukuthola eminye imfundo ehlotshaniswa nobuciko bomculo, uLeonkallo wathunyelwa eNaples ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1870.
Ezindongeni zeNational Conservatory, le nsizwa yafunda ukudlala upiyano futhi yafunda izisekelo eziyisisekelo zezezimali esibonelweni semisebenzi yeminyaka edlule. Lo mfundi wasebenza njengomqwakazi kuma-aristocrat acebile, futhi-ke, enjabulweni yezihlobo, wangena e-University of Bologna.
Njengoba sesithole iziqu ze-bachelor ezihlonishwayo, uRujero wabandakanyeka ekubhaleni i-dissertation futhi kungekudala ngesibusiso seKhomishini ekhethekile waba udokotela wesayensi yezobusuku. Ucwaningo emkhakheni wezinkondlo lwaluwusizo kumqambi ngokuzayo, yena uqobo wabhala i-Larletto ye-Opera, egwema izinsizakalo ezivela eceleni.
Ebusheni bakhe, uLeonkallo wabhekwa njengomugqa omuhle kakhulu, wenza kanye no-Enrico Caruso nabanye abahlabeleli abadumile. Upiyano uhambele eYurophu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile wanikeza izifundo zokucula waze waqala ukubhala umculo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1880.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukuba ngumuntu odumile, odumile kweNaples wathola i-villa eSwitzerland, lapho abaculi babuthana khona, abaqondisi nabaculi be-cinema. Empilweni yakhe, kwakukhona abesifazane abamagama abo alahlekile namuhla, bese intombazane yaseBerta yavela, phambilini inomqambi ngasikhathi sinye.I-Italian yemvelaphi enhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiphenduke umfazi kaRujessero, isilaleli sokuqala semisebenzi kanye nomgcini ozinikele wezwe. Lapho uMdali we-opera eshona, yena, olandela intando, wayala ukuba angcwabe isidumbu eFlorence e-Florence egumbini elingcwele ".
Umculo
Ekuqaleni kwe-biography yokudala kaLeonkallo ngaphansi kwethonya likaRichard Wagner aqala ukusebenza nge-Opera ebizwa nge- "Chatterton". Ngeshwa, umsebenzi awutholanga ukuqonda izilaleli, ngoba i-Libretto yabhalwa ngolimi oluyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphandle kokubona amaphutha aphelele, uRujsero wathatha inkondlo e-Epic, kepha umbhalo wesandla endalweni yobuqhawe bokuhwalala awuzange usabele eshashalazini yase-Italy. Umlobi ocabanga ngekusasa wanquma ukushintsha ukuqondiswa kwe-stylistic futhi waphendukela kumapula alula ukusukuma asungule amacala.
Emsebenzini wabaqambi ababedumile kuma-90s wekhulu lama-XIX, izehlakalo ezimbozwe ngokusemoyeni ezivela empilweni yabantu abavamile. Uzakwabo ophumelele emkhakheni wePietro Maskanya noMberto Jordano abasebasha baseFlorence bathola imibono ethuthukayo.
Ukuboniswa kwendlela entsha kwakuyi-opera enobuthi "Schetza", eyabhalwa uLeonkallo osuselwa ekuvezweni kwangempela okuvela eminyakeni yezingane. Umlando wokubulawa komlingisi weTheankical ngesikhathi sokulethwa komphakathi wanikeza umlobi emhlabeni wezobuciko futhi wanqoba ukukhanya kwamasiko.
Izikhathi ezikhanyayo kakhulu zokukhiqizwa kwe-Arioso Kanio nase-Aria ayenziwanga nguSolomosts Adeline Schlele noFiovello zhiro. Lesi sakhiwo sathinteka emcabangweni womphakathi ukuthi umbhali wasinda kumlobi isikhathi eside futhi wasetshenziswa kaningi ngabaqondisi e-cinema yobuciko bomhlaba.
Njengoba senqume ukuhlanganisa isikhundla esitholakele, uRujsero uqhubeke nokubhala umculo futhi wethulwa emphakathini we-Opera "Bohem" ngonyaka we-1897. Ngokuphikisana namathemba, ama-Italiya ahlala engenandaba nendalo entsha futhi awakhombisanga inhlonipho efanelekile ngomsebenzi wabaqambi.
Lo msebenzi ongemuhle waba yimbangela yokuthepha noGakomo Puccini, onqobisa umphakathi nge-Opera edumile ye-Opera "TOSCA". Abalobi ngasikhathi sinye basebenza ekuhunyushweni kwenoveli ethandwayo, kodwa ozoba ngowokuqala ukuqeda, bengazi nakanjani.
Ngenxa yalokhu, "ama-bohemians" avele esigabeni semidlalo yaseshashalazini yase-Italiya, futhi uLeonkallo ngokuhlonishwa kwenguqulo yakhe engcono kakhulu yokuqamba kabusha. Igama elithi "impilo yekota yaseLatin" alizange lishintshe isiphetho somsebenzi, futhi umlobi wazisola ngesikhathi esilahlekile, kodwa wahluleka ukubuyisa.
Ukuze ubhekane nokudumazeka, uRujero uhlelwe ngamanye amaqembu wadala omunye umsebenzi, owaziwa ngokuthi "Mimi Pence". Ku-libretto, izinkondlo zezimbongi ezidumile zazifakile ngokuzimela, ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa okuthuthukile kwamukelwa e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, "zaz" entsha evulekile, kodwa izigxobo ngazinye kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile zabulawa manje. Eminye imisebenzi ye- "Gypsies" kanye ne- "King Edip", eyayihlala ingapheli, ayizange ifeze inkazimulo "yamasosha" futhi ayikuthokozelanga uthando lwenqwaba.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yamagugu okudala womqambi wase-Italiya wase-Italiya waba upiyano kanye nezithandani ezibhalwe abahlabeleli abadumile. Ingoma ethi "Dawn", noma "Mattinat", yenzelwe inkampani yegramofene, yenze u-Enrico Caruso ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu le-XX, uRujsero wayehlala eMontecatini, lalikhona ngo-1919 ngezizathu ezingaziwa zokufa kwakhe. Izihlobo, ozakwabo nabalandeli abafike emngcwabeni onesizotha, basho ngosizi wokuthi u-Italy ulahlekelwe ngamathalente wabantu.Emcimbini esontweni lendawo, umthandazo wokuthi "Ave Maria" wazwakala, kanye nezingoma ezibhalwe ngumqambi ngawo-1900s. Lapho-ke ithuna likaLeonkallo lahamba nemvume yeziphathimandla zeTuscany, futhi umhlangano weBrissago eningizimu yeSwitzerland waba indawo lapho uthuli seluphumule khona.
Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1892 - "Izikhwama"
- Ngo-1897 - "Bohemia"
- 1900 - "Zaz"
- Ngo-1900 - "Impilo Yemidlwane"
- 1912 - "Gypsy"
- Ngo-1912 - "Indlovukazi encane yama-roses"
- Ngo-1920 - "King Edip"