I-Biograge
Indaba kaNicolas icugela, imali ephakeme ye-Superintendent yeFrance, abaningi abajwayele ubuciko. Kuyisikhulu esilinganiselwe kuLouis XIV ovame ukudida ephaketheni lakhe nombuso. Maphakathi nekhulu le-XVI, uNicolas ucijile ithonya elinjalo eFrance, lapho inkosi - ilanga liwela kuye, umphakathi uthathe uhlangothi lokuvikelwa. Ekuthandeni kwakuqala kwezinqubomgomo zokuvelela kwezifiso zakudala kwadingeka ukuba zikhokhe inkululeko.Ubuntwana nentsha
UNicolas Fuka wazalwa ngoJanuwari 27, 1615 weParis, inhliziyo yaseFrance. Ungowesibili wezingane eziyi-12 uFrancois acugukela, umeluleki kuLouis XIII, kanye noMaria de Mopu. Iningi labo, selivuthiwe, ladwengulwa ezimoni. Abafowethu ababili baze basebenze ngaphambi kwababhishobhi, munye - ku-Abbot.
Ukube bekungengenxa yekhadinali arman de richelo, uNicolas Fuka wayezoba nokuphila nenkolo. Wafunda eClermont College eJerit, kwathi ngoJanuwari 1635 wamukela isisulu futhi wangena enkonzweni eShisilica yaseSt. Martin.
Umlando uthule ngokuthi uCardinal obomvu ufunda kanjani ngethalente likaNicolas fuce to politics nakulungile. Kepha bekungumbukiso wakhe ukuthi indodana yomeluleki uLouis XIII wafunda kummeli e-University of Paris.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umshado noLouise Fulesh de Kechilk, waphetha ngoJuni 24, 1640, waletha ama-dordry ayizinkulungwane ezingama-160, ukuluka futhi ezokuxhumana ePhalamende laseBrittas.Ukujabulela iNhlangano uLouise Fullesh enenhlanhla ngokwanele. Ushone ngo-Agasti 21, 1641, eneminyaka engama-21, ngenkathi enaso isikhathi sokwenza indodakazi yendodakazi kaMaria.
UMariya Magdalene de Castil, unkosikazi olandelayo kaNicolas uxosha, enesinxephezelo ngaphezulu kwe-scanty dowry ngobubanzi obubanzi bokuthandana ePhalamende laseParis. Umshado wabo uthole amandla okusemthethweni ngoFebhuwari 1651. Umakoti wayeneminyaka eyi-15 kuphela ubudala, umkhwenyana - 36.
UMaria de Castil wathwala izingane ezinhlanu. Kulaba, kuphela uLouis FUCE (1661-1738) aqhubeke nokunikeza. Ngokungafani noYise, wenza umsebenzi wamasosha okhazimulayo, ikakhulukazi wazihlukanisa ngokuxabana ne-Austria. Ngokwemithombo evulekile, uLouis Fuki wabamba isikhundla sokuba nguNgqongqoshe Wezempi waseFrance.
Futhi uMaria de Castil wabeletha uFrancois (1652-1656), uLouis Nicolas (1654-1705), uMaria Madeleine (1656-1720) noCharles of Armand (1657-1734).
Basho impilo yomuntu siqu kaNicolas Fuka kwesinye isikhathi ehlanjululwe ukuxhumana kothando nezintandokazi zikaLouis XIV.
Umsebenzi nezepolitiki
UCardinal Arman de Richelo wayenosizo olukhulu emsebenzini wezepolitiki. Ngesandla sakhe sokukhanya, indodana yomeluleki uLouis XIII yabekwa ezakheke ezikhundleni, naphezu kweminyaka. Kuze kube sekufeni kwekhadinali ebomvu ngo-1642, uNicolas Fuki wakwazi ukuvakashela izinsana eDauphine, ngesikhathi semikhosi eCatalonia naseFrance.
UJulio Mazarini, oqokwe nguNgqongqoshe WeFrance ngo-1643, waba uSanta wabantu abasha kaNicolas ucucu. Ubegabhekile ngobuhlakani nesibindi, ngosizo lwesikhulu esincane saxosha khona izihlubuki ngezikhathi. Ukube bekungengenxa yezokuxhumana kweNicolas FUCE, uJulio Mazarini ubengeke amelane nakweposi.
Ngo-1650, uNicolas Fuku wenza isinyathelo esibalulekile - athenge izinkulungwane ezingama- £ 450. Isikhundla somshushisi omkhulu wePhalamende leParis. Futhi ngo-1653 wahlukanisa okuthunyelwe kweSuperintendent of Finance, ngamanye amagama, uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali Wezimali nge-Abelaia Amele.
Izenzo zezempi kanye nezidingo zomuntu zeLouis XIV zaletha umnotho weFrance esimweni esiyinhlekelele. Umgcinimafa wagibela, isitoko sezinsimbi eziyigugu sancishiswa ngokushesha, abantu abakhokhanga izintela. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, i-nicolas icucuza yathuthukisa imigomo yokuboleka ngokuhlinzeka abathengisi nabalimi ukubheja okuhle.
Imibono kaNicolas Fuki yaletha izithelo emibikweni yeLouis XIV. Eqinisweni, iFrance yaqhubeka nokuhlaselwa kabi, futhi amaphakethe aseSuperintendant aqhuma ngezinhlamvu zemali kanye nezibopho. Ngo-1661, ngemuva kokushona kukaJulio Maazarini, uFuka wamukele isihloko sesakhamuzi esicebile. Izimpahla zalo zifinyelelwe ama- £ 19.5 million emholweni waminyaka yonke we- £ 150,000.
Isigodlo sezinqaba zamazwi kuphela i-nicolas sici nge- £ 4 million. Kwakufanele ngidilize amadolobhana ama-4 ukuze kukwanelise ithawula ku-gigantomania kanye nokunethezeka kwe-superintendent. Yonke imali yaqhubeka emibini nasekufumbeni abasekeli beLouis XIV, kubandakanya noJean-Batista Kolbera.
U-Waiter, amakhosi amahle kakhulu eFrance Louis Lenotr, u-Andre Lenotr noCharles Lebrene. Kamuva bazakhela ama-veraille for Louis XIV.
Isigodlo esinamandla sikaNicolas sicucuka ngesitayela sokudla kwasendulo ukudla kwamanzi nezingadi nge-ArabeSque. I-Housewarming yenzeke ngo-Agasti 17, 1661. Izivakashi zijabulisa uMoliere noLafonten.
Kwakungu-Les-Vikont kwaletha uLouis XIV emcabangweni wokubheka ubumsulwa bezandla namaphakethe e-nicolas fuce. Ezinye izazi-mlando zithi i-monarch yabonakala iyindlela yokuphila esolisayo, evumela amaqembu amasonto onke ngeziqhumane zeziqhumane nezitsha zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Abanye bathi inkosi iLanga inemona ngayo: Yena uqobo wayengeyena isigodlo esifanayo futhi akazange abize amabhola anomsindo onjalo.
NgoSepthemba 5, 1661, uLouis XIV wayala uCharlet D'Artagnan, iRoyal Musketer, ibopha uNicolas. Ukwahlulela iSuperintendent yeFrance yakulungile kuphela ngePhalamende leParis, elifumbathiswa ngama-80%. Eqiniseka emandleni emali yakhe, uNicolas wavukela eLangeni King ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2 zokusesha.
Inkantolo yaqala ngoMashi 3, 1662. UNicolas Fuka, ubukhali olimini nokuba nemfundo yezomthetho, wenqaba ummeli futhi wazivikela.
I-Superintendent yafakwa ekuthukweni kweLouis XIV nefa loMgcinimafa woMbuso. Womabili la macala ahlinzekelwe isigwebo sentambo. Kepha ngu-9 kuphela amajaji angama-22 asekela lesi silinganiso sokujeziswa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuboshwa, 3, kwaphendukela e-Nicolas evutha ukuboshwa kanye nokuthathwa kwempahla.
Ukushona
Insizwa enamehlo ngobuqili ephila ekuchumeni, "ngakho-ke uNicolas Fuku ubukeka njengemifanekiso yezikhathi zasosikhathi sikaphila. Kepha ePinerolo Dungeon ngo-1664, wehla wavele waba sebekhulile, eqotho nabampofu.Iminyaka engu-8 elandelayo yeNicolas FUCE esetshenziswe egumbini elilodwa lekamelo elilodwa, ngaphandle kokuthi abhale incwadi kothile futhi ngaphandle kwezinsuku. Kusukela ngo-1677, wavunyelwa ukuhamba emigwaqweni futhi ubone umndeni.
I-Bicolas Fuki's Biography yaqala ngoMashi 23, 1680, ngonyaka wama-65 wokuphila. Imbangela yokufa yayihlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Ukukhumbula
Isithombe sikaNicolas Fuka sisaphila ngemisebenzi yobuciko. Okokuqala okusebenza ngayo - "Ehley kuya kuma-nymphs ku-" kanye "nokuvikela ukuvikela i-fuku" lafentena. Kubo, umcengezi wasemkhawulweni uLouis xiv ukuguqula intukuthelo ibe yisihe.
UNicolas Fuka ukhulunywa futhi engxenyeni yokugcina ye-Trilogy ka-Alexander Duma - ubaba mayelana ne-Musketeters ezintathu ne-D'Astagnan "Vikont de Boliere", ochungechungeni lwaseMnumzane Izincwadi u-Ann noSergei Golon "Angelica".
UNicolas Fuka - ifilimu elihlanganisiwe lamafilimu aphathelene ne- "Man emgqonyeni wensimbi" (1939, 1977). Kukhulunywa futhi kwifilimu ethi "Ukuthwebula Amandla kaLouis XIV" (1966), "ama-Dispekeer Fifth" (1977), "i-Versiilles", "i-Versailles, iphupho leNkosi" (2008) kanye ne- "King, amaprotheni no-Oh" (2009).