I-Biograge
Kukholakala ukuthi ukuvikela kukaBaba yibhizinisi labesilisa. Kepha impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe ikhumbula ama-feature of matrena wolkaya, ukholo u-Andriana, uZinaida, abesifazane abantekenteke nabamnene abasindise abantu emsebenzini, bakhuthazelela ubuhlakani futhi bakhuthazelela impi elimele. Waba nesandla ekunqobeni okukhulu kanye ne-fittery lydia litvak, emhlophe lilia Stalingrad. Uwine inani elikhulu kakhulu lokunqoba ezimpini zomoya emlandweni wokulwa nezindiza. Isihloko seqhawe seSoviet Union sanikezwa isibindi sesihloko.Ubuntwana nentsha
ULydia Vladimirovna Littvaka wazalwa ngo-Agasti 18, 1921 eMoscow, inhloko-dolobha ye-RSFSR. Ngobuzwe, umshayeli wendiza ubhekwa njengeRussia, kepha kukhona okucatshangwa ukuthi empeleni unguye uJuda.
Ngawo-1920s naku-1930s, wonke umuntu uphupha ngesibhakabhaka. Abagqugquzelwa yi-Alexander Tashkin, uValery Chkalov noGeorge Baidukova, izinsizwa namantombazane baphuthume emathubeni. ULydia Littvaka akaveli. Kakade ngo-15, waqala wahlala phansi esondweni eliqondisa.
Amakhono okushayela ama-Litvian ku-Khorson Aviation School abafundisi. Ukushiya izimo eziphoqelelwe uMosesMow - ngo-1937, uyise, uVladimir Leonteevich, wacindezelwa futhi wadutshulwa. Ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, ukujeziswa kwakungamanga. Kepha umshayeli wendiza, mhlawumbe wangabaza okwedlule okusolisayo.
ULydia waphuthuma waya phambili empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Kepha watshelwa: "Impi iyicala lowesilisa." Isimo sesishintshile ngo-Okthoba 1941, lapho elinye lamaqhawe okuqala eSoviet Union, iFlyer-Navigator Marina Svalova, yakha i-airlock yabesifazane abathathu. U-Litvyak kwadingeka akwazi ukugcizelela amahora ayi-100 ezindizayo emigqeni yenye yazo.
Kulokhu, amaqhawe, kepha isigaba esifushane esifushane se-biography sikaMhlophe se-Lilija Stalingrad saqala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
NgoFebhuwari 1943, iLydia Lydia Plane yashaywa. Umhlaba wabalwa endaweni yesitha. Ama-fascist azama ukuthatha umshayeli wendiza, kodwa wazidubula wajula enkundleni. U-White Lilia Stalingrad uthe kuvalezela ukuthi uphile futhi wagxilisa ama-cartridges ukuze azenzele yena.U-Alexey Frolovich Solotin weza ekusizeni. Umshayeli wokulwa umshayeli wavula umlilo kumaFascists, wabaphoqa ukuba bacashe, babeka indiza yakhe "esiswini" ukuba bathathe uLydia. I-LED yakho futhi isithandwa.
ULidia Lidia Lithuania no-Alexey Solomatina bathinta futhi babuhlungu. Kepha abantu abasha bakwazile ukushada ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ingozi yendiza. NgoMeyi 21, 1943, iqhawe leSoviet Union lafa phambi kwabathandwa abathandekayo nabalwa. Wayeneminyaka engama-22.
Isenzo
Ngo-1942 uLydia Litvakon washaya ngaphezulu kwe-Stalingrad 6 fascist indiza. Ngesibindi, kuboniswe ezimpini, umshayeli wanikezwa ilungelo lokusebenzisa izibonakaliso ezihlukile ebhodini lokulwa.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, le ntombazane ayilithandanga igama lakhe. Wamcela ukuthi ambize uLily wakhe noma u-lily nje. Ukusuka lapha kanye ne-radiosal yayo - "Lilia-44" (ngokuya ngolwazi, "White Lilia"). Ku-hood of the flyer yendiza "blood" imbali, futhi ngokushesha intombazane ithole umnene, kepha isidlaliso se-heroic siyi-lilia stalingrad emhlophe.
NgoFebhuwari 23, 1943, uLitvakov wanikeza umklomelo wokuqala wokulwa - umyalo wenkanyezi ebomvu.
Kwabonakala sengathi abukho bunzima obungaletha i-lily stalingrad emhlophe ezimpini. NgoMeyi 22, 1943, akuzange kulimale kabi empini engenakulingani. Naphezu kwalokhu, umshayeli wendiza waletha umgadli ohlanganisiwe esisekelweni. Wathunyelwa esibhedlela,-ke - ikhaya, alulame. Kepha emasontweni ama-2 kuphela kamuva, uLydia waphinda wakhuphuka emoyeni.
NgoJulayi 18, 1943, izinyanga ezi-2 ngemuva kokushona kuka-Alethei Solomatina, uLitvyak walahlekelwa yintombi enhle kakhulu kaCatherine Budanov empini. Amantombazane alwa nama-fascist Fighters e-pair, kanti u-Limbia Stalingrad wakwazi ukuphunyula. Kulezi, iflaya lalilahla empini. Akazange avikele nje izwe. Uziphindisela kwabathandekayo nabathandekayo.
Izinkomba zokugcina zikaLydia Littvaka zenziwe phezu kweMus Pront. Ngo-Agasti 1, 1943, wandiza amahlandla amane ukuba alwe nesitha. Ixazululwe izindiza ezi-2, enye futhi - eqenjini. Ngesikhathi sesi-4 akazange abuyele esisekelweni.
Kanye ngonyaka nesigamu sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, i-litvyak yenze ukulwa okungu-168 ukusuka esibhakabhakeni. Ku-akhawunti yayo, ukunqoba komuntu siqu no-4 ngaphezulu - njengengxenye yeqembu. I-White Lilia Stalingrad ibhekwa njengowesifazane okhiqiza kakhulu.
Ukushona
Ngokwezinkumbulo zabantu besikhathi sikaphila phambi kwawo wonke amaLidiya esaba kwalasha. Kepha kwenzeka lokho. Ngo-Agasti 1, 1943 Ngesikhathi sempi yempi yesi-4 neyokugcina empini yeMus, indiza kaWhite Lilija Stalingrad yanyamalala emafwini futhi ayisabuyanga. Ihlala ezinsukwini eziyi-17 ngaphambi kwakhe ngosuku lokuzalwa lwango-22.Izinduna zezinhlangano zezinsuku ezingama-73 ze-Guards Fighters zifakwe kwisethulo seLydia Litvak esihlokweni seqhawe se-Soviet Union ngemuva. Kepha kwahlehliswa isinqumo. Izazi-mlando zinikeza lokhu okuchazwayo okumbalwa.
Abanye babhekisela ebufakazini, ngokusho ukuthi i-litvyak yagxuma ngeparachute kusuka ezindabeni zesigameko futhi yathumba amaFascists. Abanye bathi ngesihloko seqhawe se-Soviet Union akunakwethulwa okungekho. Enye indlela, i-White Lilia Stalingrad yanikeza ngokusobala inkanyezi yegolide elihlonishwayo ngoMeyi 5, 1990.
ULydia Littvakov uthole ngemuva kweminyaka engama-26 ukuphahlazeka kwepulazi laseKozhevny neDonetsk esifundeni. NgoJulayi 29, ngo-1969, izinsalela zakhe zishiswe ethuneni elingaphansi. Endizeni yakhe yokugcina, i-White Liliya Stalingrad yahamba ngaphandle kokuhlonza izimpawu, ngakho-ke yathuthukiswa ngokuthi "iflaya elingaziwa."
Ngo-1971 kuphela kuphela, izinjini zokucinga ezivela esifundeni saseLuhansk zathola ukuthi uLidia wayesemthethweni eShefnali. Izidumbu zavuswa. NgoJulayi 1988, kwakukhona ipuleti elikhumbulekayo neRegalia lomshayeli wendiza nokuthwebula izithombe ngemuva kwamafu.
NgoNovemba 1988, uLidia Litvak wenza imbangela yokufa: "Kushonile lapho enza umsebenzi wokulwa ngo-Agasti 1, 1943."
Ukukhumbula
- Kusuka ekuzalweni naphambi kokushiya ngaphambili kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, uLydia wahlala endlini yendlu 14/19 emgwaqweni. INovoslobodskaya eMoscow. NgoMashi 2019, i-plaque yesikhumbuzo enesithombe se-flser seflaya yafakwa ku-facade.
- Izikhumbuzo zeqhawe leSoviet Union nazo zakhiwa kuRed Ray ngaphambi kwe-Gymnasium No. 1, abafundi ngo-1971 basungula okungokwamakhosi owesilisa wokulwa, nasesifundeni se-Volgograd (endaweni yenhlangano yezindiza yesifunda saseNingizimu nezempi).
- Ukuxhaphaza kwe-White Lilia Stalingrad kufa kumafilimu amadokhumenti nangobuciko: "Memory Roads" (1979), "Abalwa" (2013), "Lily" (2014).