I-Biograge
Usosayensi waseJalimane u-Adam Olarius wayengumqambi weGottorpian Globe, kanye nesisebenzi senkonzo yezombusazwe maphakathi nekhulu le-17. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba okuningi, i-geographer, isazi sesayensi yemvelo kanye nezibalo yenza umnikelo ekwakhiweni kwe-catrography futhi wadala imisebenzi eminingi ye-epochemical.Ubuntwana nentsha
Mayelana ne-biography yokuqala ka-Adam Olairia (Real Surname - Olshell) Abaphenyi bafunde kumadokhumenti nasekucaleni kwezincwadi ezindala. Umfana wazalelwa ekuqaleni kokuwa kwe-1599 ephristi esekhethwe yiHalberstat, lapho isikhulu sathathwa njengesiJalimane ngaleso sikhathi.
Ubaba wayengumtalisi futhi ongumbhali, awunciphise ukuphela kweziphetho, futhi umama waba nomnotho onesizotha, owayesekhaya nasegcekeni. Naphezu kobuphofu obukhulu bezakhamizi zaseJalimane idolobha laseGermanwig, umhambi wesikhathi esizayo wakhulela emkhathini wothando futhi okuhle.
Kwesinye isimangaliso esimangalisayo, abazali bathola imali ukuze iNdodana nge-1620 ye-University of Leipzig. Kuzo zonke izinkombanhlobo zezikhungo zaseYurophu ezihlonishwayo zaseYurophu, u-Adamu ekuqaleni wakhetha ubuhlakani bezenkolo.
Ngokufana nokutadisha kwezimfundiso zezinkolo zakudala nezasendulo, insizwa ebuzayo yaqonda ifilosofi emisebenzini yamakhosi asendulo. Kule nqubo, wenziwa elimini lolimi, isi-Arabhu nasePheresiya, ngasikhathi sinye engakhohlwa ngamagugu ezilimi zasendulo zasendulo.
Ngenxa yalokho, u-Olairius wavikela i-thesis futhi wathola umsebenzi wothisha kuqala esikoleni sabantaso saseNicholas, bese eSt Thoma. Ebusheni bakhe, waphupha ngokuhlala entshonalanga yeSaxony yanamuhla, kodwa lokhu kwavinjelwa izehlakalo zempi eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1630, indawo ethweswe iziqu e-University of Leipzig yaba yisihloko sikaDuke Friedrich III - inzalo yenkosi yaseDenmashi. Ngenxa yokuqanjwa kobukhosi obuphethe umngcele, u-Adamu uthole ukuthi umhlaba uzungu kangakanani umhlaba.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yama-biographio ezingoganini ezi-olearary uyazi kancane - eminyakeni evuthiwe wahlanganiswa nomshado ngegazi elikhethekile. Indodakazi yomeluleki eyayisebenza kumantshi komuzi we-Revell yaba ngumfazi othembekile wososayensi kanye nonina wezingane ezihlangene.Emndenini ka-Adamu no-Ekaterina Müller, indodakazi kaMariya-Elizabeth yazalwa lapho ikhula, indodana uFiliphu yayimangaza umbhangqwana. Ukunakekelwa kwabathandekayo, ngokuqagela, kuphoqe umcwaningi waseJalimane ukwamukela ubukhona bokuxazulula futhi akhohlwe ubuhle bamazwe akude.
Isayensi nokuhamba
Ngemuva kokuhambahamba endaweni yaseGottorpa, lapho inqaba kaDuke Friedrich III yema khona, u-Adamu wathola indawo e-Embassy njengonobhala wesayensi. Lo msizi wayala ukuba asungule ubudlelwano neRussia kanye neRussion, anikeze imininingwane ngoShah kanye ne-Orthodox Tsar.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuphuma kwenziwa nge-1633, izindlela ezintsha zokuhweba ngezinto ezingandile - amasilika aluhlaza abhekwa. Ama-dildomats abadumile nosomabhizinisi badinga ulwazi luka-olairia, ngakho-ke washiya ikhaya elisanda kutholwa ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Ukwenza izibopho zomhumushi, indoda evakashele imali enkulu yaseRussia, i-Riga, uNarva, uVeliky Novgorod namanye amadolobha amahle. Kungekudala ngemuva kokusungulwa kwe-VLAFT SEFEIEDA ye-SENI I, owayekade engumfundi - imfundiso yenkolo yayidumile emibuthanweni ehlakaniphile yaseJalimane.
Maphakathi no-1635, olairiad wayala ukuthi ahambe uhambo olude lwezindawo ezande ezazithembekile ngaphambili. Umlobi osemusha uPawulu uPaul Fleming kanye nomhloli wamazwe odumile waseNdiya wajoyina umeluleki we-Translator futhi wabopha amanxusa.
EMoscow, ngenxa yezinkinga nemigwaqo, amaJalimane kwakufanele afakwe. U-Adamu waphawula ngamaRussia, afunda imikhuba nokuphila. Imifanekiso kanye nokuqoshwa, kamuva kufakwe encwadini, kudluliswe imininingwane yomlando kanye nokunambitheka kwagcwala.
Lapho kukhulunywa ngokwengeziwe, abahambi, bedlula i-kolomna, begobhoza eNizhny Novgorod futhi bamisa izinsuku eziningana. U-Olariya waqala ukusebenza eqoqweni leziqalekiso zaseRussia, ukudweba izinto zokufunda enkulumweni yabantu abavamile.
Lapho-ke, emkhunjini ohlehla umkhumbi, inxusa lasuka ngeVolga, ngemuva kwendawo yokupaka eduzane nase-derbent yafika ezweni lasePheresiya. UShah wasabela kakhulu ekuhambeleni izifomaza zaseJalimane, ezidunga ngokwezimali futhi wazithola eMel.
Ekupheleni kuka-1637, ngaphandle kokufinyelela umgomo wohambo, ithimba nge-Astrakhan naseTsaritsyn babuyela enkosini yaseMoscow. UMikhail Fedorovich Romanov, owayenesifiso semidwebo namanothi ka-Olaia, wanikeza inkantolo enobhala ofundile.
Usosayensi wanquma ukuhlala eRussia: Esigodlweni sikaDuke Friedrich III, wathola indawo enkantolo. Imisebenzi ye-Practitioner Mathematics, umhumushi kanye nomtapo wolwazi akazange ashiye indoda yomuntu ukuba angenele e-Handre.
Kube namahora anele anele "encazelweni yohambo eya eMuscovy" - incwadi, ngokufana nendaba yobuciko obukhanyayo. Ikhadi lehluzo elihlukile lesikhungo senhloko-dolobha saseRussia sengeze uhlelo oluhlukile futhi laheha ukunakwa kwezixuku.
Emsebenzini, ehunyushelwe ezilimini ezahlukene zomhlaba, u-Olery wakhuluma ngamaholide ahlobene namagama abangcwele. Radonitsa kanye Fomin Isonto, manje ubheka u-Antipasha, wachaza okuqondakalayo kwabafundi abasebasha nabadala.
Ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi obabazekayo, okwakungumbiko kuloluhambo, u-Adamu wahlangana nama-eskimos waqala ukurekhoda amazwi abo. Ukutadisha amasiko abakhileyo eNorth Island eGreenland, wabona ukuthi ucwaningo olusha luzohamba maduze ne-moloss.
Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, iJalimane yaklama isimangaliso esihlotshaniswa nesayensi yezinkanyezi, i-geography kanye nesayensi ethile enembile ye-classic. I-Gottorpian Globe-Planetarium enobubanzi bamamitha ayi-3.1 yethulwa nguPeter the Great futhi yahanjiswa eSt. Petersburg.
Ukushona
Emdala, u-Adam Olairi wabhala uProse, wahumusha imisebenzi yamakhosi angaziwa eYurophu. Isazi sefilosofi, umlobi kanye nesazi-mlando sasebenza embhalweni wesandla esiyisisekelo, ngenxa yesichazamazwi esifushane samagama asePheresiya ajwayelekile.
Ukwahlulela ngomfanekiso odonswe ngawo-1669, owayengumhambi kwakuyisibonelo kwabasemsisheni amadoda. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngemuva kokugujwa kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-70, wamukela ukufa ngesizathu esingaziwa.