"Iphupho" Elibuhlungu, ofakwe olwazini lwezinsuku ezi-9 zonyaka owodwa ", incwadi ethi" Ojwayelekile Fascism "- la namanye amafilimu e-cinematographhere ahlala isikhathi eside kwinkumbulo yezithameli. Futhi phakathi kwabafundi bakhe, abaningi bathole ukuphakama okukhulu ku-filmmaster: ITarkovsky, Shukshin, Mikhalkov, konchalovsky kanye nesisindo sabanye.
NgoJanuwari 24, 2021 waphenduka iminyaka engu-120 kusukela osukwini, njengoba kuzalwe uMoma ngoMikhail. Emininingwaneni yokufuna ukwazi impilo yomuntu siqu kanye ne-biography yomqondisi - ku-material 24cmi.
1. Umculi wenguquko
Ithalente likaMikhail Romm okokuqala ngqa aboniswe eminyakeni yesikole. Kuliqiniso, le nkulumo ngaleso sikhathi ibingekho nhlobo nge-cinema - umdwebi wesikhathi esizayo kanye nomqondisi eminyakeni yokufunda e-Gymnasium wakhombisa izinselelo zomculi kanye nomcucu, ukudweba imidwebo kanye nengubo ebumba.Ukuqaphela ukuphathwa komfana, intombi yakhe yabazali bayo yancoma uMisha ukuthi aqhubeke nokukhulisa amadiphozithi wokudala. Ukuqasha eMkhandlwini, le nsizwa yafika ngemuva kokuzivocavoca umzimba eMoscow School of Painting, ama-Drayine kanye nezakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, isikhungo semfundo azange siphothule iziqu, sibheka inani lamaBolshevik ngesikhathi sokuguqula ngo-Okthoba.
2. Futhi ngedeski
Ngo-1921 kuphela kuphela, ngemuva kokuphela kwe-drone yezinguquko, eminyakeni yalokho uMikhail asebenza nge-ejenti yokudla okubomvu futhi enze uthango lokudla kanye nemikhiqizo evela e-Kulokov, kanye nezinsizakalo empini, uRomm waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe. Manje ekhasini lezinhlaka zemihlangano yokucobelelana kakhulu yobuciko.
Ngokusho kwama-Memoirs of the Director wesikhathi esizayo, okokuqala lapho isikhungo sasingafundisise ngisho izinto zemfundo ejwayelekile, futhi umfundi ngamunye athole amaphuzu ajabule ngokuthi umphefumulo wajabula. Kuphela izifundo zokugcina eziqala ukuvela phakathi koprofesa, indalo yabafundi yaqala ukuvela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa okuvela esiqongweni sentsha, kukhulekele emoyeni wemibono yenguquko, okokuqala kubonakale emabeleni, kucatshangelwa ukubonakaliswa okumbi kakhulu kwe-bureaucracy, bonke balwa nabo bonke abantu.
3. Ukubukeka okusha
Empeleni, bekuphakathi nesikhathi sabafundi, uMikhail Romm futhi wanquma ukuzama amandla akhe kwezinye izinkomba zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Creative Development. Isizathu salokhu kwaba isithombe esibuhlulelo esingephumeleli - ukuzikhandla okwenziwe esicelweni sophayini esiqinile sombukiso wezolimo no-shrub-zezimboni, okwakuqala ukwenziwa ngo-1923, akuzange kumthanda uMdali.Lokhu kunganele futhi wawina iqiniso lokuthi uRomm waqala ukunaka kakhulu ukungalingisi, kodwa ukwenza, izisekelo zeshashalazi nefilimu, wazama ukuba ngumlobi wakwamanye amazwe.
4. Ukutholwa
Kuthiwa lapho, kuma-30s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uMikhail wagcina enquma ukuhlanganisa isiphetho sakhe nge-movie, wahlangana negama lakhe elibizwa ngokuthi - u-Abram Rommom, owayekade endala emlandweni wekhulu leminyaka kunesinendandatho esanda kushada. Umqondisi onolwazi ancome i-novice eluhlaza ukuze athathe i-pseudonym yokudala, "ukuze adidekile." UMikhail waphendula ukunikela ngokuthi uzokwenza wonke amandla ukuze lokhu kungenzeki.
Futhi omncane ukufezekisa inhloso uphumelele - noma ngabe ukhohlwa ngokuqhathanisa nenombolo yemiklomelo ye-cinematic yamazinga ahlukene, kwinkumbulo yezithameli, i-Romm 'ROMM ngokuyinhloko ehlotshaniswa nomnikazi omncane.
Kuyahlekisa kakhulu kakhulu ngenxa yegama legama elijwayelekile, abantu besikhathi sethu, uma ukholwa ukuthi izindaba zezicelo ezisezinjini zokucinga, badideke i-alexander run - umqondisi owakha amafilimu afanayo nenxenye yezinganekwane eziyishumi nambili zezinganekwane.
5. esindayo ekufundiseni
Ubuciko bokubhala iskripthi Mikhail Romm buqine indlela enzima ngayo, ngakho-ke nangokwangempela. Le nsizwa kathathu yabheka imidwebo engabizi, ekhumbula ngenkuthalo okwakwenzeka esikrinini. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuphindaphinda inqubo eselivele etafuleni elikhuphukayo, ibhala iskripthi ngokungahambisani nendlela yesibili kanye nokuhlaziywa ngokuphelele kohlaka ngalunye. Kungemva kokuhlolwa okuningi okunjalo, uRomm waqala ukubhala isimo sokuqala.6. isimilo
Ukukhuluma kuBaba, uMikhail Romm wakhumbula ukuthi i-Ilya Maksimovich yahlukaniswa umuntu oxolelwe eSiberia ngemisebenzi yokuguqula, umusa. Lesi sici somuntu sasise-ROMMA-MOINTE sabizwa kakhulu. Okokugcina ngisho nezimpukane zinamathela ephepheni elikhethekile elinamathela, zikhiqize imfihlo kumkakhe, zincenga ukuya kwenye indawo futhi zingasabuyi.
Ama-Mikhail Ilsich ayakamazisa ukuthi umusa ovela kumzali we-cineematograph ifayilikele ngokugcwele. Kepha, naphezu kwendalo ebonakala ethambile futhi ephathekayo, umqondisi osemusha, okuqala abadlali baphathwe ngokuhlazisayo, babenamandla okwanele ukuletha ukuhleleka endaweni yokudubula futhi bagxilise ngenhlonipho kumuntu wabo.
7. Izintandokazi
Kuze kube sekufeni kukaRomm uhlala nonkosikazi wakhe amthandayo, u-Elena Kuzmin, umhlangano wabanjwa ngandlela thile ngenxa yezikhathi zikaClement zeVoroshilov.
I-NARC yezokuvikela yabona ifilimu yaseMelika "elahlekile", idutshulwe nguJohn Ford. Futhi umbono wabamba umlilo - e-USSR, ubophekile ukususa okuthile okufanayo, kodwa ngendlela yabo futhi esondele kakhulu emhlobisweni weSoviet.
Itheyiphu eyishumi nantathu, ukutshela ngokuxabana okukhulu kweqembu elimbalwa le-Army Army Banda Basemachi, ophathiswe iRoma. Ukuphela kwendima yabesifazane esithombeni futhi kwenziwa uKuznetov, kamuva owaba ngumkaHiretor. Lo mbhangqwana awukaze uzalwe ezinganeni zabo, kepha indodakazi ka-Elena evela emshadweni wokuqala - uNatalia - uNatalia - i-cinematograph yakhuphuka njengokungathi kunendabuko. Futhi intombazane uqobo ayikaze ithidele ukuthi uMoma wangempela we-Mikhail ukhona, futhi kukhona ubaba wangempela.