I-Biograge
Igama elithi Antonio Stradivari liyajwayela ngisho nalabo abangakaze bagcine insimbi yomculo ezandleni zabo. Kepha amayunithi kuphela owaziyo ukuthi ithalente limembutheli ngokubonga uNikolo Amati - ummeleli odume kakhulu wohlobo lwakudala lwe-violin masters. Ngokungafaniyo, uNikolo Amati walethwe ekupheleleni nokwakheka, nokuzwakala. Kuze kube namuhla, kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo, njengoba aphoqa ama-violin akhe noCello ukuzala umculo olula, omnene nowokubhoboza.Ukhanda
I-Violin Master yazalwa ngoDisemba 3, 1596 eCremona, esifundazweni saseLombardy enyakatho ye-Italy. Uyindodana yesihlanu, enye yezingane eziyi-12 uGirolamo (Ieronimo) amati noLaura de Lazzarini.
Empilweni yomuntu siqu kaNikolo Amati bazi okungaphansi kakhulu komsebenzi wakhe.
Ngo-1629-1631, kwaqubuka inhlupheko e-Italy. Ngokungafani noyise, umama nodadewethu ababili uNikolo baba nenhlanhla yokusinda "ekufeni okumnyama". U-Osapotev, i-Master yaqhamuka kudade osindayo kuphela.
NgoMeyi 23, 1645, i-Lucretia Pagliary yaba ngumkakhe uNikolo Amati. U-Andrea Gwarnery, omunye wabafundi be-violin master, akagcinanga emshadweni kuphela, kodwa futhi wenza njengofakazi osemyeni.
Amandla owesilisa angcwatshwe eNikolo Amati, naphezu kokudala. Ngakho-ke, izingane eziyisishiyagalolunye zazalwa emkhayeni. Abanye babo bafa esemncane. Inzalo edume kakhulu yaba dzhirolamo (ieronimo) amati - Jr., ezalwe ngo-1649. Ubukhosi bamakhosi e-violin laphazanyiswa kulo.
I-Bikolo Amati yaphela ngo-Ephreli 12, 1684. Imbangela yokufa ingaphezu kwemvelo, uma ikhumbula iminyaka yendoda.
Iminyaka engama-87, i-violin master ayikaze ishiye idolobhana lakubo futhi lapha lathola indawo yokuhlala yokugcina. UMogila Nikolo Amati utholakala eCathemonian Cathedral of the ntombion ntombi nto uMariya.
Emifanekisweni, u-Athi ukhombisa njalo nge-violin ezandleni zabo. Amakhosi ahlukaniswa ukubukeka kwamehlo amnyama, izihlakala eziphakeme, ikhala elikhulu nesilevu enephunga.
Elula
I-Amati - umjaho wakudala kakhulu. Ijelolo yokuqala ngaye itholakala encwadini ka-Italy ngo-1097. Kepha igama lalidumile ngenxa ka-Andrea Amati - ugogo uNikolo, owazalelwa ku-1505th futhi washone ngo-1577. Nguyena owanquma ukwenza umsebenzi wawo ophambili wadale amathuluzi anezitebele ezinomugqa: i-violins, e-Alov, i-Cello kanye ne-bass ephindwe kabili.
Ngokweminye imininingwane, u-Andrea Amati akuyona nje into eyi-violin, kepha uMdali walolu hlobo lwethuluzi. Ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi "uBaba", uSusparo da Salo uxabana nalo, owayephila kusukela ngo-1540 kuye ku-1609.
Izintandokazi u-Andrea Amati Case zaphenduka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abamele abakwa-Elite baphakathi kwabathengi bayo, ngaphezu kwabaculi abavikelekile. Ngakho-ke, uKarl ix, inkosi yaseFrance, wake wayala umnikazi we-violin wezinsimbi ezingama-38 zokugqila enkantolo.
Idalwe ngu-Andrea Amati imisebenzi yobuciko yathuthukisa amadodana akhe nabazukulu bakhe. UNikolo uphumelele ngaphezu kwabanye.
Inkosi yayazi ukuthi i-violins kagogo ivame ukuba uthuli ezindlini zama-aristocrats, futhi alufuni ukuphinda leli phutha. Wakwenza amathuluzi wabaculi abajwayelekile. Le ndoda yafuna ukuzwa indalo yayo, futhi ingabancomi.
UNikolo Amati esondela ekwakhiweni kwe-violins nganoma yisiphi, indoda empofu noma inkosi. Ukhethwe ngokucophelela isihlahla, wanaka ngokukhethekile ukumiswa kukaDel ke umculo uzwakale ujule futhi ube lula.
Ngo-1640 Nikolo Amati adale lokho manje okwaziwa manje njengoba iphethini elikhulu le-Amati liyisampula ephelele ye-violin. Ithuluzi lahlukaniswa ngamapharamitha akhuphukayo, ku-curl ekhethekile ye-curl kanye nomsindo othuthukisiwe. Indawo yokukhosela yayihlotshiswe ngephethini kanye nesiginesha yoMdali eLatin Nicolaus Amatus. Izindlu zambozwa nge-varnish esobala nge-amber tint.
Iphethini yeGrand Amati yaphakamisa isidingo sezinsimbi zikaNikolo Amati. Ayikwazi ukubhekana nokuzimela, wathola abafundi. Phakathi kwazo kwakungu-Andrea Gvarnery, Francesco Rujeni, Giovanni Battista Guadanini, Matias Collots. Iningi labo kamuva lasungula ubukhosi bamakhosi e-violin.
U-Antonio Stradivari udume kakhulu futhi, njengoba le ndaba ithi, umfundi onikezwe kakhulu uNikolo Amati. Omunye we-violins yakhe ka-1666 wasayinwa ngu-alumnus Nicolais Amati, okusho ukuthi "Thola iziqu zeikolo Amati" ngesiLatini.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona abaphenyi abakholelwa ukuthi u-Antonio Stradivari akakaze abe ngumhlangano we-Atami futhi wayengeyena umfundi wakhe. Okokuqala, azikho izingoma ezibhaliwe ngokubambisana kwazo, okwesibili, izinsimbi zokuqala ze-antonio stradivari ezifana kakhulu neFrancesco Rujerry no-Andrea Gvarnery kuneNicolo.
Indaba ka-Amati noStradivari idlalwa emisebenzini eminingana yobuciko, ngokwesibonelo, kwifilimu eli-5 le-serial "vakashela eMinotaur" (1987). Imigqa emibili yezindaba ihlanganiswa kuyo. Okokuqala kwenzeka e-USSR ngo-1986, enye e-Italy ngesikhathi sika-Antonio Stradivari.
UNikolo Amati udlale uRostislav Padatt, u-Antonio Stradivari - USergey Shakurov. Ngokusho kwabafowethu abayi-Vainer, abaseRoma "basusa le filimu, amakhosi e-violin asaxhumene nokuqeqeshwa. Iphuzu elifanayo lokubuka livezwa kwifilimu ethi "Stradivari" (1988) yokukhiqizwa kwase-Italy.
Amathuluzi angempela uNikolo Amati aze agcinwe izikhathi ezingama-20 kuphela zazo ziseqoqweni langasese. Imvamisa ichaza intengo ephezulu. Isibonelo, i-violin ka-1650, engumnikazi we-kogan Musical Dynasty, kulinganiselwa ku- $ 1 million.