I-Maximilian Robespierre - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, i-French Revolutionary

I-Biograge

I-Maximilian Robespierre iyinguquko yaseFrance nosopolitiki. Wadlala indima ebalulekile eGreat French Revolution. Ngokuxhasa ukugubula kobukhosi kanye nokuhlelwa kweRiphabhulikhi, uRobespierre walingisa le nhlangano.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Igama eligcwele lenguquko - Maximilian Marie Isidore de Robespierre. Wazalelwa e-Arras ngoMeyi 6, 1758. Ubaba wayengummeli wefa, nonina - indodakazi ka-Erewer. Umfana waba ingane ephakeme emndenini, lapho kwavela khona izingane ezine kamuva. Ngo-1764, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokubeletha, efeni leli lesihlanu lishonile, kwathi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa kanye nonina uqobo.

Ngo-1766, uRospier-Sr. Washiya umndeni washiya iFrance. UMaximilian noMfoweth 'u-Augustun bebenakekela umkhulu wakhe kulayini kamama, futhi odade baya ku-anti abavela kuYise. Umfana waba ngumfundi wekolishi arras. Umkhulu unciphise iqiniso lokuthi umzukulu kufanele abophe i-biography nge-berewing, eyayizoletha imali. Kepha isiphetho sikaRoberprierre sakha ngenye indlela.

Impumelelo yakhe ezifundweni zabo yaheha ukunakwa kwabathengi abanamandla. UKanonik EME wacela ukuba uMaximilian, futhi wathola umfundaze weSaint-Vas Abbey, equkethe ama-levres angama-450. Le nsizwa yathunyelwa eParis, eLouis kaLouis Great. Isimo sezezimali sensizwa saba yingozi: Izihlobo azikwazanga ukumsiza. Kepha waba ngumfundi omuhle kakhulu wezifundo eziphezulu. URoberpirere wayazi kahle isiLatini, isiGreki, isi-Rhetoric futhi sasithanda andala.

Ukukhetha umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo, i-Maximilian encamelayo ethandwayo. Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu eSorbonna futhi kwaba yilungelo le-bachelor, ngo-1781 uRoberperere wathola ilayisense. Igama lakhe lokugcina lafakwa kwirejista yabameli bePhalamende laseParis.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

URoberpires we-Maximilian othandekayo wayengu-Eleanor Dupta, ubaba wayo isikhathi eside wawunikeza ummeli. Ubungani nobumbano ekubukweni kwezepolitiki bamake ekuqaleni kobuhlobo bothando.

Abanye uRobespirere baphikisane nalowo maximilian wenza isiphakamiso sentombazane, abanye baphikile. Kunoma ikuphi, leli cala alizange lize emshadweni futhi laba bantu babengenazo izingane.

U-Eleanor wasinda othandekayo iminyaka engama-38 futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe egqokile ukulila kuye, futhi ngaphandle kokushada.

I-French Revolution

Njengoba usungenile eBhodini labameli eMkhandlwini we-ARTO, uRobespierre wayenesifiso sezepolitiki. Ngo-1789, wayephakathi kwabaxhasi abangu-12 bama-arras abesebenza e-General States. Kusuka kwisikhungo esingenandaba nesifundazwe saphenduka isikhulumi esifunekayo. Ngomhla wango-1789, wakhuluma nezinkulumo ezingama-69, kwathi ngo-1791 - usevele uneminyaka engama-328.

Ukuba ngamaJacobinets ngo-1789, umFulentshi waphenduka umsekeli wenhlangano ebabazekayo. Ukusekela imibono kaRene Russo, wagxeka izinguquko zenkululeko. Ngenkululeko yentando yeningi kanye nokwethembeka kwimigomo kaRoberpirere yathola igama lesidlaliso lingenakonakala. Ngemuva kokuchithwa kwesiGungu Sikazwelonke ngo-1791, waba umshushisi womphakathi enkantolo yobugebengu futhi waqhubeka nokwakha umsebenzi osuvele eParis. Usopolitiki waphikisana nempi ne-Austria, wakubheka ngenzuzo kuphela ngamandla wamaphoyisa, kepha ayesebancane.

Isinguquko sasiphakathi kwabadali besifungo sokuba yimiphiko yezakhiwo zesithathu. Wabamba iqhaza lapho kulungiswa ukumenyezelwa kwamalungelo abantu, kanye noMthethosisekelo we-1791. Ukudonsa ukwesulwa kwenhlawulo yokufa, uRoberperere akatholanga ukwesekwa phakathi kwamaphini. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaFulentshi ayephansi kwabase-Austrians ngaphambili, amanye amasosha athuthela ohlangothini lomphikisi, ukuzethemba amandla okuhlala kwawa njalo.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ephephandabeni "umvikeli woMthethosisekelo", osopolitiki wabhala ukuthi izwe lidinga ukuguqulwa. Ngo-Agasti 1792, kwavela ukuhlubuka. UMaximilian wangena e-Paris Commune ye-Paris, wabe esekhethwa emhlanganweni ophathelene noGeorge Jacques Danon. Ngakho-ke waqala ukusebenza ngokumelene nama-girons. Umholi wamaJacobinians kanye nabantu bakhe abanomqondo ofanayo bakholelwa ukuthi abaphikisi bafuna ukubuyiselwa kwenkosi. Ebusika be-1792nd RoberSpirere bagingqika ukuze kwenziwe nguLouis XVI ngaphandle kwecala. Inkosi yabulawa eGuillotine.

AmaJacobini ayeqhutshwa ngokuhwebo ngokuhwebelana, adumaze ukusekelwa kwemisebe egameni leqembu le-Flamety. Umhlangano wamukele umthetho ngokusungulwa kwentengo ehleliwe yesinkwa, futhi uRobespierre wabhaliswa ukusekelwa kwe-Paris Commune. Kwangathi ngo-1793 kumakwe nguPrising lapho amaDorins alahlekelwe khona. Ukuboshwa kwabo kwavusa ukuhlubuka kwabo, okwakuletha ukufa kukaJacobin Jean-Field Marat.

UChaos wabusa ezweni, futhi isivumo sanquma ukuhlela amandla lapho sibhekene namakomidi, sibanikeze ngamandla abanzi. URoberpiresre kaMaximilian wangenela iKomidi Lensindiso, enquma i-vector eyinhloko yenguquko. Ukulwa ne-dehristianization nokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, waba ngumphikisi kaDanton nabalandeli bakhe abakholelwa ukuthi ukwesaba kungamiswa.

Umsebenzi wenguquko, umholi wakhe wabona ukwakhiwa kwefomethi entsha, isisekelo sokuziphatha kanye nenkolo yaseRiphabhliki kuzoba njalo. Ihlelo lobukhulu obuphakeme, wachaza ngenkulumo yesoftware. URoberpirere wabheka ukwesaba ngethuluzi ledwa lokufeza umgomo.

Ukuphela kwempi ne-Austria kwavumela uMthethosisekelo weNyakami unyaka ukuze angenele. Manje iFrance yabusa izidumbu zomthetho. Amakomidi achithwe, futhi isikhulu sasinqunyelwe kuHlelo Lwesisekelo. URoberpirere waqala ukuhileleka kwesimo esikhiqizweni ngokuxhaswa ngezimali nokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo. Umsebenzi wezandla ungene kancane kancane ngemishini. Kuya ekushoneni kwelanga komsebenzi wakhe, izwe labuyiselwa ngemuva kwenhlekelele yezomnotho yeminyaka eyi-10.

Ekugcineni uJacobin, umhlangano wakugxeka imikhawulo yenkululeko yenkolo, kodwa futhi nokuyekethisa nesonto endabeni yehlelo eliphakeme, akafikanga. UFrance wasala isimo sezwe. Lokhu kuholele ekuvuseleleni kohlelo lwezemfundo, ukuthuthuka ngokwahlukana nesonto, ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu abanobuchule bokusiza usizo nobuchwepheshe nezinye izinguquko emkhakheni wezobuciko nesayensi.

NgoJuni 1794, umthetho wawungena kuwo, okubandakanya isijeziso sokubhekana nokuziphatha okuhle kweRiphabhliki. URoberpirere waseMaximilian wenza inhlawulo yabangane kaDanton, wabe eseqala isenzo ukuhlonipha inkolo yoMkhulu Ophakeme. Abasolwa abatholanga ukuvikelwa nokusekelwa, kanye nokuthandwa kweRoberpererre kwawa. Ngakho-ke kwaqala ukwesaba okukhulu, lapho ubushiqela beJacobin babukelwa phansi.

NgoJulayi 27, ngemuva kokuphakanyiswa kwe-9 kwe-thermidore (eKhalenda laseRiphabhulikhi), abantu bezinguquko nabafana nabo bafika enkantolo. Ukumelana kwabangenamsebenzi, futhi ababambiqhaza njengoba izihlubuki zilindele ukuboshwa. Ngenxa ye-Consuracy, bamenyezelwa ngaphandle komthetho. URospier waseMaximilian uzenze njalo.

Ukushona

NgoJulayi 28, 1794 Wafa uRoberShierl. Imbangela yokufa kwakungukubulawa kwe-guillotine. Eduze kwakhe kwakunguJacobins noMfoweth 'u-Augustn. Ezincwadini eziphathelene nomlando waseFrance, babhala ukuthi kusukela kulo mzuzu ukuwa kwe-French Revolution enkulu kwaqala.

I-Portrait yeRoberSpere manje iphrintiwe ezincwadini, ibiza inani eliphikisayo laleso sikhathi. Amathuna wesibalo awekho, kepha eParis Pantheon edumo lakhe lesi sithombe siyamiswa.