I-Biograge
UGeorges Jacques Danon wangena emlandweni womhlaba wonke njengomunye wobaba bezinguquko zesiFulentshi. Imibono yakhe yezepolitiki yaholela ekuchithekeni kobukhosi nokwakhiwa kweRiphabhulikhi yokuqala yaseFrance. Ngokubambisana nenye inguquko, indoda yafuna ukuguqula uhlelo lomphakathi, ifundise abantu ukuthi baphile ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi "Inkululeko, Ukulingana, I-Fraternity".Ubuntwana nentsha
UDanon wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 26, 1759 e-Arsi-sur-zombili. Ubaba womfana wasebenza njengomshushisi wendawo futhi wafisa ukuthi indodana yakhe iqhubeke nebhizinisi lakhe. Ngiseyingane, ingane yafundwa emfundweni, kwathi kamuva - endlini ebodini eTroy, lapho yathathwa khona ngesiko lezwe lasendulo, antiquity. Ukuba yintsha elungiselela ukuba ngummeli, uGeorge Jacques wafunda izincwadi zamakhulu amakhulu ama-XVII namakhulu eminyaka.
Ebusheni bakhe, uDannton wahlangana nemibono yabantu ababuseki baseYurophu abafuna ukwenza umhlaba ube ngcono ngokwenqaba izinhlobo zamakhosi ebhodi futhi unikeze amandla kubantu. Futhi, osemusha waheha amaFreemasoni. Ngo-1780, umFulentshi wathuthela eParis ukuba afunde kahle.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UDanton wayengeyena umnikazi ojabulayo wokubukeka okuhle. Kepha uyindoda yokukhula okukhulu nge-ospin eqhumayo kanye nekhala elishayiwe - kwavela ukuthi ngokumangazayo okumangazayo: Izwi elinamandla, ingqondo ebukhali kanye nekhono lokukholisa abesifazane bakhangwa.Ngo-1787, uGeorges uJacques washada no-Antoinette Gabriel Charpary. Emshadweni, owagcina kuze kube ngu-1793, wazalwa amadodana amathathu. Izibulo lafa ebuntwaneni. Masinyane nje emva kokufa koshade naye wokuqala, uDise wathatha uLouise oneminyaka engu-16 emkani, endodakazini yenkosikazi. Kepha ndawonye lo mbhangqwana waphila unyaka kuphela, ekwenziweni kwezinguquko ngo-1794.
I-French Revolution
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, isidingo esibukhali sokuguqulwa kwezepolitiki eFrance. Ukucabanga kwaqala ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile mayelana "nokungakhiqizi" kwe-oda lakudala nesikhumbuzo esiphelele esichaziwe. Ngokubona kwabo, ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla yezakhamizi kwaphikisana nemithetho yemvelo yempilo. Umhlali ngamunye wezwe kwakudingeka abe namalungelo alinganayo nenkululeko.
Ukuqala kwesenzo sezinguquko kwathathwa yijele laseBastolle, okwenzeka ngoJulayi 14, 1789. Abaphenyi babona izizathu eziningana ezaholela ezenzakalweni ezihlangene. Okokuqala, bekungukungabi namandla kahulumeni ngaphambi kokuxazulula izinkinga zezezimali zoMbuso. Ngasikhathi sinye, izicukuthwane bezingafuni ukushintsha inqubo amakhulu eminyaka, ziletha imali namalungelo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kwacebisa indawo yesithathu, kuyilapho amalungelo ezepolitiki nenkululeko yezakhamizi ezejwayelekile zaqhubeka zinjalo. Ukukhanyiswa kumapheshana kanye nemisebenzi yafuna ukudalula izinkinga zayo ezazelwe, ngaleyo ndlela ilungiselele amabutho ezinguquko, elungele ukulwa nohlelo olusha. Amandla asebukhosini emehlweni omphakathi alahlekelwe ubukhulu bawo bangaphambili namandla, alahlekelwe yithemba labantu, abefundisi, ubukhosi.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUDanton wabelana ngemibono esemqoka yezimfihlakalo zaseFrance, iRousseau nabanye. Kusukela ngo-1789, indoda yabelana ngemibono yokuguqula izinguquko neyingqayizivele emihlanganweni yaseFrance. Wavula obala enkantolo yasebukhosini, wabamba iqhaza lapho elungiselela ukuthathwa kweBastille, kanye nesisekelo seklabhu yama-corredes.
NgoJulayi 1791, uGeorges Jacques wahlela eMars, lapho aqoqa khona amasiginali esifundeni mayelana nokuhanjiswa kombusi. Umcimbi owenziwe nguSomlomo ekugcineni kwaholela ekuvukeleni kuzwelonke eTuileries ngo-Agasti 1792, emva kwakhe nokuwa kwamandla ebukhosini. Ngokwemiphumela yezenzo, umhlangano wezomthetho wamisa uNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa kaDanton.
Esimweni esisha, i-Frenchman yaqhubeka nemisebenzi ye-Propaganda, yabizwa ngokuthi uMholi empini yokulwa nobukhosi. Izinyathelo ezihlongozwayo yindoda ziye zangenisa abaningi ukuba babuye babuyele emvukuvuni, ukuze babe nezitha zakhe. Abaphikisi bakaGeorge Jacqua Imibono bamsola ngokuthengisa, ukulinganisa, kanye naseNhlanganweni yokubulawa kwabantu ngoSepthemba.
Lokhu kuncishwa izimpilo kwadlula ngemuva kokugumbukelwa kwenkosi. IParis Commune, ngaleso sikhathi, i-maximilian robespire, emelelwa amaJacobins wesobunxele, uJacques-Rene, nezinye izinguquko eziguquguqukayo, zaba ngegunya elikhulu eFrance. Amalungu alo angqubuzana nomhlangano wezomthetho, ama-Gronness futhi anamandla amakhulu.
Ngokwesicelo seCommune, abamele i-CScript bahlanganisa uhlu lwabantu "abasolisayo" abaphikisa imibono yenguquko. UDanton, onguNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa, kubikwe ukuboshwa maduze kwabasolwa, abese engene emajele nasezindlini zezindela phambi kwenkantolo. Kodwa-ke, abantu banciphise ukuziphindisela futhi banquma ukuhlela ukubulawa kwabantu ngenxa ye- "Traitors" yedwa.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwaqala ukubulawa kwabantu esitokisini sasejele, ngenxa yalokho abantu abaningi abafa. Abagqugquzeli abaphambili bokwesatshiswa kwegazi kamuva babizwa ngokuthi uJean-Fields waseMarat noDannton, kepha abatholanga ubufakazi obuqondile bokubamba iqhaza kwabo kule nqubo. Ngesikhathi sezenzakalo, umfutho waqonda ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukubhekana nentukuthelo yabantu, futhi wacela usizo emhlanganweni womthetho. Kepha uGeorge Jacques wakhetha ukuhlala kude nokwenzeka.
Umcimbi obalulekile e-biography yenqubomgomo bekuwukumkhetha emhlanganweni. Lapha le ndoda yavikela inkululeko yabezindaba yabezindaba, yakugxeka ukubusa kweNkosi, ababephikisana nabafuduki. Ngasikhathi sinye, umFulentshi waphoqeleka ukuba alahle isikhundla sokuthumela. NgoNovemba 1792, uDanton waya eBelgium ukuze ahlanganyele ezindabeni zezwe.
NgoJanuwari wonyaka olandelayo, uGeorges Jacques wabuyela eParis, lapho inkantolo yaqhutshwa khona phezu kweNkosi uLudovik XVI, futhi yavota ukuze kwenziwe umbusi. Ngalesi sikhathi, usopolitiki wawusezingeni eliphezulu lomsebenzi, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi, azi ezakhe ukuthandwa kubantu, waphelelwa amandla. Okwamanje, amandla ahamba kancane kancane kolunye uhlangothi kwabanye ama-eberterists, ngakolunye - kuya eRobespiera.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uDanton wayengaphikiswa kangako "nezitimela" zabantu, wathi ukubulawa kwabantu kwakungadingeki njengakuqala. Ngakho-ke, lapho iBhodi lidlulisela ngokuphelele ezandleni zikaRobespierre, uGeorge Jacques nabasekeli bakhe babelindele eKomitini Yezokusindiswa Komphakathi.
Ukushona
OwayenguNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo wasolwa ngokucekelwa phansi uzungu, inhloso yawo kwakuwukugumbuqelwa kwezethulo zezwe neRiphabhulikhi. Ngamunye walabo ababoshiwe wagwetshwa intambo eGuillotine. Ngokusho kwezikhumbuzo zomgcini, ngaphambi kokufa, inguquko yafumana ukukhombisa ikhanda lakhe elinzima ngala mazwi:"Awekho amakhanda anjalo nsuku zonke ukubona."Ukukhumbula
Imemori ye-French Revolution ifakwe emisebenzini yobuciko. Ngo-1891, kwasungulwa itshe lesikhumbuzo ngesinqumo soMkhandlu weParis City George Jacques. Isithombe senqubomgomo sivele emisebenzini yezemibhalo - inoveli kaViktor Hugo "amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nantathu", ekudlaleni kukaGeorge Buchner "Ukufa kukaDanteon" nabanye. Kukhulunywa futhi e-cinema - kumafilimu e-Angeya Willon "DANTOn", Abel Hans "NAPOLEON".