I-Biograge
U-Eugene Xu ungumlobi waseFrance wekhulu le-19, umbhali wamanoveli wokuziphatha kwezenhlalo kanye nengqondo. Usebenze emkhakheni wezincwadi eziningi futhi uthathwa njengomsunguli wohlobo oluzwakalayo lobugebengu.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa ngoJanuwari 26, 1804 eParis. Igama lakhe langempela nguMarie Joseph Eugene. Esikhathini esizayo, kwancishiswa ukudala i-pseudonym yokubhala.
UMarie Joseph uvele emndenini wodokotela. Ubaba wesitakude esizayo wadlula endleleni yomsebenzi esuka kudokotela ojwayelekile waya e-Main Guardian Guard of the Mersor. Ngokwami bangabangane noNapoleon Bonaparte, kamuva waba udokotela wasebukhosini. Unkulunkulukazi waba amalungu omndeni wesisebenzi soMbuso: Ikusasa ligcizelela uJosephine nenkosana ezayo evgeny Bogarne.
Umfana uyaphangwa. Wabekwa ngumbumbi, wafunda ekhaya kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-11. Ngemuva kokuba le nsizwa inikezwe isikhungo semfundo e-elite - IKolishi de Bourbon, lapho ayithola khona imfundo enhle kakhulu. Ubaba waphupha ukuthi iNdodana iyaqhubeka ibhizinisi lakhe futhi yaphinde yaba ngudokotela. Kepha phakathi nezifundo zakhe, waphila indlela yokuphila ejabule: Kutel, wajabulisa futhi wathola inani elikhulu labangane abahle.
Amahemuhemu mayelana nokufika kukaMarie Joseph washesha wafika kuYise. Iningi layo yonke wajabula nge-PAIne Wine cellar. Amakhosi avame ukunikezwa ngokuxhaswa, njengophawu lokubonga umsebenzi ongenakuqhathaniswa kwamawayini abizayo. Ngokuzayo, banqunywa etafuleni phakathi nemicimbi ebalulekile. Kepha ngenxa yezivakashi ezithile azibangeli iziphuzo eziphakeme. Ngesinye isikhathi, umyeni we-Jean-wokugeza wabamba indodana yakhe nabangane bakhe emiphongolweni yokuphuza iwayini eliyingqayizivele alitholile eshibhile. Lokhu kwajika isitsha sokubekezela kwe-amainetity, futhi iHood ejabule yaxoshwa nguyise eParis.
Ngokuzayo, isijeziso siphindaphindwa kabili. Kwacatshangelwa ukuthi ukuxoshwa kuzosiza ukuza ensizwa futhi angenele ingqondo. Ngenxa yalokho, uMarie Joseph wathunyelwa njengodokotela wezempi ekulweni nezikhathi zasolwandle.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni bakhe, u-Eugene wayemuhle, ecebile futhi ejabulela impumelelo kwabesifazane. Ngemuva kokufa kukaYise ngonyaka we-1830, amahemuhemu ahamba lapho i-SY JR. anobuhlobo ngokushesha enezinto ezinamaphutha amathathu, kepha lokhu akuhambelani neqiniso.
Lapho-ke othandekayo wakhe wawukhanya futhi uyakhanga kahle uKurtisanka Olympia Preeelee. Wayesevele exhumene nomlobi onor de balzac, onethalente lakhe elazisa kakhulu, kodwa ngakhetha u-Ezhena. I-Idyll ye-Olympia ne-XI yathatha isikhashana: Owesifazane wamshiya kumqambi wase-Italy uJoakino Rossini.
Akusoze kwazi lutho ngempilo yangasese yombhali namanoveli aphezulu. Intshiseko yokugcina kwakungumzala kaNapoleon III Marie de Solm.
Izincwadi
Ngo-1825, u-Eugene uqala ukuzama amabutho ezincwadini. Ekuqaleni ubandakanyeka kulokhu kusuka ekuxinekeni ukubulala isikhathi. Ngokubambisana nabangane, insizwa isebenza ekwakheni imidlalo eminingana.Ngo-1830 ufa uSi-Senior futhi ushiya indodana eyisigidi sesigidi. U-Eugene uhlala eParis futhi ehola impilo yodange lwezwe. Le nsizwa yenza imali, ihambela ama-salon amaningi futhi icwiliswe kakhulu ebuhlakani bezezimali.
Ngemuva kwemidlalo, ama-Evigenous edluliselwe kumanoveli, bese amanoveli ama-Naval. Noma kunjalo, ngoba ekulweni kokulwa, wathola isipiliyoni esikhulu, esikulungele ukuhlanganyela nomfundi. Emisebenzini yalesi sikhathi, ithonya lePhoenimor Cooper liyabonakala. Ukusuka ngaphansi kwepeni, izindaba zigcwele uthando nomoya we-adventure: "I-Crank-pirate" (1829), "gypsy gul) (1830)," i-Atar Gul "(1832)," Koathan I-Watchtower "(1833).
U-Eugene ngokushesha uba ngumlobi wemfashini kanye nesithombe sentsha yegolide. Ukungena emfanekisweni we-pessimist kudumale empilweni, ngokungapheli izilaleli: Ukuhlela noma izithambiso ngokubhema kwe-Opium, kwakha i-cynic ne-snob kuye uqobo, zihlela ukushada Antry.
Umfelokazi, ngemuva kokubona okungokoqobo kokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu, u-Eugene wenza iziphetho ze-aristocrats. Ngawo-1830s, umbhali ubhekana ne-PROSE PROSE ne-Brutal Satire kubukhosi. Konke lokhu kwenza ithathwe ngokwengeziwe. Yena nezitha zokuqala ziyavela. Ukucasulwa yizikhwama zemibhalo zengxileko zihlela uzungu lokulwa nomlobi, okumholela.
U-Eugene ukhanga ngezihloko zomlando. Emisebenzini yakhe "Latreomon" (1837), "Marquis de Director" (1839), "Jean Cavalle" (1840) kuvela izici ze-gothic. Ngokwezifiso zomlando, umlobi uqhubekela emikhayeni futhi wakha okubizwa ngokuthi yi-salon, indalo ekhanyayo: "ubuciko" (1842), "ntambama" (1842), uPaula Monty (1842). "UMatilda" (1841) wathola ukuthandwa okunjalo kangangokuba waziwa ngisho naseRussia. Ukuhunyushwa kwalo eRussia kwahlelwa ukwenza i-fedor dostoevsky.
Konke lokhu akuyona imisebenzi eyisisekelo yombhali, kepha lungiselela. Inkazimulo yangempela yafika kuXu ngemuva kokudalwa kwamanoveli ajabulisayo emphakathini ngawo-1840. Ngo-1841, u-Eugene uhlangabezana nabasebenzi abanokukhohlisa. Wayengumuntu onobuhlakani nesipika esihle kakhulu. Le nsizwa yaheha umlobi ngemibono yakhe futhi yamphoqa ukuthi abheke izisebenzi ngawolunye emehlweni.
Amasudi avela ukuvikela abantu abalula futhi asole yonke imiqondo yakhe yokungajabuli. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanoveli adumile omlobi athi "Izimfihlo zeParis" (1842-1843) ziyashicilelwa (1842-1843), "Ujantshi waphakade" (1844-1845) kanye "nemfihlakalo yabantu" (1849-1857). Imisebenzi yabhalwa ngohlobo lweFaketon futhi yanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni alesosikhathi. Abafundi babelinde zonke izinombolo ezilandelayo ngentshisekelo ngentshisekelo. Lokhu kwandise ukusakazwa kwamaphephandaba, ashicilela i-XU, amahlandla angama-20.
I-Eugene ne-Delind yasekelwa inguquko yango-1848 futhi inesifiso esingathi sína kwezepolitiki. Wabona esidlekeni sakhe, njengoba ebhala 'ngezimfihlo zabantu.' Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wenqatshelwe, futhi umlobi wasolwa ngokubiza ukuchithwa kwamandla, athuthukise ubudlova nemibono yezenhlalo.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kwe-coup ku-1851 metres, yasuswa kwireferensi yokuzithandela engaphezu kweFrance. E-savoy, naye akazange ahlale eyize. Ngo-1857, indoda yafa ngokuzumayo nezimo ezingachazeki. I-autopsy ayikhiqizwanga - imbangela yokufa ayifakiwe.
UDokotela uFrancois Vennysan Spasil uthe uXu unamandla. Ngo-1863, umngani wombhali washicilela incwajana engaziwa ngokungaziwa, eyayiphikisana nokuthi u-Ezhen wabulawa yimiyalo kaNapoleon III. Umbusi uthathe umzala wakhe kanye nomuntu onesifiso sokuphila kukaMarie de Solms ukuba athandane nomlobi ngeshwa. Lona wesifazane waphumelela. Futhi lapho kwakukhona amandla aphelele, wambulala.
Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Ezhena Marie wabuyela eFrance futhi wathola inkokhelo ephanayo evela kuNapoleon III.
Izilinganiso kanye nama-aphorisms
- "Akukho lutho oluwusizo emzimbeni kunokubanda; Indoda igcina intsha isikhathi eside nale ngxenye yeqhwa esifubeni. "
- "Umphefumlo womuntu yincwadi yezimpawu eziyisikhombisa."
- "Umphakathi ucabanga ngoKare futhi lapho kungakhathaleli ukuvimbela ububi."
- "Ize elingelutho, noma yikuphi ukuthopha kulungile."
- "Ukuziphindisela yisitsha esikufanele ukugcwaliswa kwamakhaza."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1829 - "Crank-Pirate"
- Ngo-1830 - "Gypsy"
- Ngo-1831 - "Atar Gul"
- Ngo-1832 - "Salamandra"
- Ngo-1833 - "Koathan Watchtower"
- Ngo-1837 - "Latremon"
- Ngo-1838 - "Artur"
- Ngo-1840 - jean cavalle
- Ngo-1841 - UMatilda
- Ngo-1842 - "Damn Hill"
- Ngo-1842 - "Teresa Duneye"
- Ngo-1842 - "UPaula Monty"
- 1842-1843 - "Izimfihlo zeParis"
- Ngo-1844-1845 - "Agasfer, noma uketshezi lwaphakade"
- 1849-1867 - "Imfihlakalo Yabantu"