I-Biograge
I-MIRCEA EliAd ingummeleli ovelele womhlaseli waseRomania nowomhlaba wonke wacabanga ngekhulu lama-20. Usosayensi washiya imisebenzi yenganekwane, inkolo nefilosofi, eyaba musha eZwini, bese kuba yisayensi yesayensi. Le ndoda yaba odumile njengomcwaningi, uthisha, umbhali kanye ne-prosomat futhi yaqeda impilo ende yezithelo ngesimo sikaProfesa Chicago University.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-MIRCEA yazalwa ngoMashi 9, 1907 enhlokodolobha yaseRomania - iBucharest. Wakhuliswa emndenini kaJohn Arivirs noGeorge Eliad, evuma ama-Orthodoxy. Abantu babelula futhi bengafundiswanga ikakhulukazi abantu: abazali bakamama baqukethe indawo yokudlela, futhi okhokho bakaYise ngokwesiko babesebenza kanzima. UGeorge wagqoka isihloko sikakaputeni webutho laseRomania kanye nezikweletu zenkonzo kuvame ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala. Ngemuva kwekhanda lomndeni, wonke umndeni washukunyiswa, lapho, ngaphezu kososayensi wesikhathi esizayo, kwavuswa ezinye izingane ezimbili.
Kakade ngiseyingane, i-mircea ikhombisa ukufisa okukhethekile ngolwazi. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 wafunda esikoleni, wabe eseshintshele umkhonto we-lyceum we-hareth, lapho athola khona imfundo kuze kube ngu-1925. Kule minyaka, wayenesifiso esijulile ngezilimi futhi wakwazi kahle isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane, isiNgisi nesiLatini. Ama-junoy athutha izinhloso zokufunda amagugu omcabango wefilosofi womhlaba kanye nemicabango yamasiko eMsunguli.
U-Eliad akavezi izincwadi ezandleni, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye uthola isikhathi sokusho ulwazi olutholiwe nolwenziwe kabusha ngendlela ye-eseyi kanye nezihloko ezishicilela kumaphephabhuku wesayensi. Ngo-1921, umbhali osemusha uzuza umncintiswano wezindaba phakathi komfundi weLyceum. Usebenzisana nephephandaba lendawo yolwazi lukazwelonke, olubeka amanothi avela ekuhambeni ngentaba eRomania, izivivinyo zokwenziwa kanye nezithelo zokubonisa ngokwesayensi.
UMirchu unesifiso sezihloko ezahlukahlukene, kepha izazi zefilosofi ze-East yasendulo kanye nomlando wezinkolo ubangela ugqozi olukhethekile. Ifilosofi noPhilology ikhetha u-Elyad, ngo-1925 e-University of Bucharest. Lapha uyakhuthama kakhulu kubafundi, abazibandakanya nezilimi, izithuthi zokuthunga kanye nama-monographs, izindatshana zokushicilela kanye nokuhlela umagazini waseyunivesithi. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, le nsizwa iqeda inyuvesi, ukuvikela idiploma kwifilosofi yase-Italy yeRenaissance.
Ebusheni, umqondo obonayo ka-Eliad kube sengathi uzama ukuphikisana kakhulu: Ngo-1928, ewina umfundaze, lapho iSanskrit yafundiswa kanye nefilosofi yaseMpumalanga. Impilo ephefumula ifa lempucuko yasendulo yadonswa iminyaka emi-3, lapho umfana ekwazile ukuhlala emadolobhaneni aseNdiya naseHimalayan sezindela. Lapho, wangena khona ngempilo nenkolo yasendaweni, wafunda umkhuba we-yoga futhi wajwayelana nobuntu abavelele kakhulu, kusukela kuRabindanat Tagore kuya eSwami Shivananda.
Ebuya ekhaya, usosayensi osemusha wanikeza ilungelo lezempi ezweni lakubo emabuthweni endiza, wabe eseqala ukubuyisela isikhundla eyunivesithi yakubo. ERadio MirCea, inkulumo e-India, eyaletha ukuthandwa kwayo, yabe isibeka isisekelo sencwadi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1934, kwaba nomcimbi obalulekile empilweni yomuntu siqu ka-Eliad - washada noNina Maresh. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi, umlobi kwadingeka adlule kule nhlekelele: umka-ke unkosikazi wafa, imbangela yokufa yaba umdlavuza. Le nkinga yenzekile ngokulahlekelwa, ukunqoba okuwukuphela komsebenzi ojulile kwasiza. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-6 ngemuva kwale nhlekelele, uMircha futhi wanquma ukungena emshadweni. Unkosikazi wesibili waba cristinel kotest.Izincwadi Nemisebenzi
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930, uMircha waqala ukufundisa e-University of Bucharest, ehlanganiswe eMnyangweni We-Logic naseMetafysics. Ubekwe emlandweni wezinkolo, ethinta bobuKristu nobuBuddha. Ngo-1933, usosayensi wavikela i-dissertation "yoga. Ama-Essays mayelana nemvelaphi yemfihlakalo yaseNdiya, "Kepha umsebenzi wokufundisa nomsebenzi wezesayensi awuzange unikeze kahle ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukubuyisela ibhalansi, u-Eliad waqala ukubhala inganekwane kakhulu, kwathi ngawo-1930, izincwadi ezithi "Maitrei", "Ukukhanya okuthukuthele", "Buyela ePharadesi". Inoveli yokugcina, enyatheliswa ngo-1936, yaba ngumthombo wehlazo. Umlobi, owayephethe ukuhlaziya kwe-eroticism nokufa, okusolwa ngezithombe zocansi futhi wasuswa emsebenzini eyunivesithi.
Lapho esedume njengomlobi, i-MIRCEA yaqala ukufakazela ukuvumelana kwakhe njengososayensi. Ubhale usebenza kwi-cosmology kanye ne-alchemy, futhi wabandakanyeka ocwaningweni ngezinganekwane. Ngo-1938, u-Ellyad waboshwa ngezindatshana zokusekelwa kwe- "Iron Guard" - inhlangano yeRomanist yaseRomanist. Ngemuva kokuhlala ezinyangeni ezi-4 ejele, umbhali wadedelwa, ngenkathi eboshwe impilo izinsolo zokusolwa kwesifo sofuba.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, owesilisa wasebenza enxusa laseRomania, lapho abamba khona isikhundla sokunamathela kwesiko. Ekuqaleni, indoda yayihlala eLondon, yabe isithuthela eLisbon. Ekupheleni kwebutho, uMircha wathuthela eFrance, lapho afunda khona izinkulumo eSorbonne namanye amanyuvesi. Ngo-1950, kwavela umcimbi owukuthola umlando ka-Eliad - umuntu omaziyo noCarl Gustav Justav Justav Justav Justav Justav Justav Justav. Izithombe ezihlangene zabangani zigcinwe, eziyihlose izintshisekelo nobungani besayensi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kushicilelwa imisebenzi ebalulekile, eguqula i-Eliad esosayensi onokuthula: "Ama-Shamanism kanye namasu akwa-Archaic of Ecstasics", "mif mayelana nokubuya kwaphakade", "Kholwa emlandweni wezinkolo". Lokhu okulandelayo kwesifinyezo kamuva kwathola igama elithi "izici zezinganekwane".
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950s, i-MIRCEA yathuthela e-United States. Lapho, wahlala eChicago University, ekhanda uMnyango Wezenkolo Wezinkolo ngesimo sikaProfesa. Kune-eseyi edumile "engcwele kanye ne-milsk", amaphephabhuku emlandweni wenkolo asungulwa, futhi umsebenzi we-memoir wenziwa. Lapha ngeminyaka yo-1970, waqala umsebenzi wezabasebenzi "wokholo nemibono yenkolo", eyayiqhubeka yaze yafa.
Ucwaningo lwevolumu emithathu luqala ngenkathi yeNeolithic futhi ihlanganisa ukwazisa okungokwenkolo kwezikhathi ezahlukahlukene namazwekazi, kusukela kubacabangi basendulo abangamaShayina kuPawulu - "umphostoli wabeZizwe". EBibliography ebanzi, u-Eliad, le mitha emithathu yemvumu yemvumu sekuphenduke umsebenzi wokugcina osebenza kanzima.
Ukushona
Usosayensi akazange akhule ngo-Ephreli 22, 1986. U-Eliad oneminyaka engu-79 washonelwa eChicago, lapho afundisa khona iNyuvesi kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina, ahlelele i-Encyclopedia, wabhala umsebenzi wesayensi. Indoda ifinyelele ezitsheni zomsebenzi ngesimo sokuqashelwa nokubonga kakhulu emphakathini wezesayensi, owamnikeza isihloko sikaDokotela Howaris Causa Washington University futhi wanikeza ukuhleleka kweLegion (France).Ukukhumbula
- Igama likaprofesa laqanjwa nguMnyango We-Chicago University, lapho asebenze khona amashumi eminyaka ephila edlule.
- Usosayensi unikelwe encwadini ethi "Mircha Eliad ne-Italy", enyatheliswa ngo-1987.
- Amanoveli ambalwa womlobi anokuphuma, phakathi kwawo amafilimu "Monazen Christina", "ubusuku beBengal", "ubusha ngaphandle kwentsha."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1928 - "Ifilosofi yase-Italy evela kuMartilio Ficino kuya kuJordano Bruno"
- Ngo-1933 - "Maitrey"
- 1935 - "Hooligans"
- Ngo-1936 - "Intombi kaChristina"
- Ngo-1949 - "Inganekwane Yokubuya Kwaphakade"
- 1951 - "Ama-Shamanism kanye namasu akwa-Archaic of Ecstasy"
- 1952 - "Izithombe Nezimpawu"
- 1957 - "Izinganekwane, Amaphupho Nezimfihlakalo"
- Ngo-1963 - "Izici Zenganekwane"
- Ngo-1976-1983 - "Umlando Wezimo Zenkolo"