I-Biograge
ULeonid Leonov uphila isikhathi eside, cishe iminyaka eyikhulu yempilo. Kusukela ebusheni bakhe, kwahlelwa ku-classic, kwaqokwa kabili umklomelo kaNobel ezincwadini. Wajabula empilweni yakhe uqobo futhi wakwazi ukubona abazukulu ngabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezingcaphuno ezaziwayo zombhali cishe ziphindaphinda i-epigraph eya eColin Maccalo "ecula emazweni":"Konke okubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni kukhishwa ebuhlungwini."Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa sekwedlule isikhathi entwasahlobo yango-1899 eMoscow emndenini kaMaxim Leonov - indodana yabathengisi, eyayizinguquko, owayengumngane noNikolai Baman futhi onyathelisa ngaphansi kwe-pseudonymty maxim Gormanka. Umama weLene (noma isitayela sasekhaya uLaona) uMaria Petrovna ungumlingani wesibili wenkondlo - surikovtsa.
Ekuxhumaneni neSiberia, uYise womndeni wahamba nomkathathu - umthungo kanye nezinkondlo uMaria Chernyshova, eshiya uMaria Petrovna nezindaba zezingane zakhe ezinhlanu. ULeonid wayenabafowethu uNikolai, uBoris, uVladimir noDadele Lena. Ngonyaka ngemuva kokusuka kukaMaxim, uLeonovich ovela emndenini wawela emgodini washona evela kuVollodya oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Ngemuva kwalokho izifo zakhuphuka impilo kaKolya noLena.
Ngo-1918, uLeonid ophethe izindondo zesiliva ethweswe iziqu zokuzivocavoca. Enye iminyaka emi-3 ngaphambi kokukhululwa ephephandabeni lase-Arkhangelsk "enyakatho yeNyakatho Morlika", ukuhlelwa nguYise, wabona ama-Essays okuqala osemusha. Uhlobo lweJunior Deuts Leonov Uhlobo lwalungenalutho olufana nalutho nokubumba kwakhe okuvuthiwe, lapho iphromose ekhona, i-dramaturgy futhi yayikhona izinto zobuntatheli: ULenya oneminyaka engu-15 wabhala izinkondlo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwenkundla.
Empini yombango, umlobi waqala wakwazile ukubambelela kwabamhlophe, futhi obomvu, kepha ababhali bezinto eziphilayo baseSoviet bagcizelele ukuthi uLeonid waba nebizo kubasekeli benkosi, nasebuthweni labasebenzi nabampofu - ngokusho kwe-a I-wax enhle. Kunelukuluku lokuthi kuyo yonke impilo yakhe ende kaLeonov akazange akhathazeke ukujoyina amazinga emithetho yeqembu lamaKhomanisi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomfazi kaTatiana Mikhailov, umlobi waphila iminyaka engama-56 futhi, ngokobufakazi bembongi ka-Alexander Zharova, emuhle ukwedlula wonke umuntu ePeru, akakaze abheke kwabenye abesifazane. Umlingani wakhe uyindodakazi encane kakhulu yomshicileli uMikhail Sabashnikov, endlini yanoma kwawo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-20 ekhulu lama-20 yayivame ukuba nomlobi we-leonov.NgoJulayi 1923, uLeonid noTatiana bashada nesonto ledolobhana lase-Abramsevo. Ngo-1928, inkosikazi yanikeza umlobi intombi yokuqala ka-Elena, futhi eminyakeni embalwa - uNatasha.
Unkosikazi kaLeonov unikeze incwadi eyodwa kuphela - indaba ka-Evgenia Ivanovna, kwathi ngemuva kokushona kukaTatiana Mikhailovna wavuma ukuthi umngane wakhe kwakungumfundi wakhe oyinhloko. Umfelokazi uLeonid Maksimovich wabikezela ubulungiswa baseBulgaria weVanga, ukuthumela umlobi njengesipho hhayi umbhangqwana wetiye njengesipho, kepha inkomishi eyodwa kuphela. Imbangela yokufa kukaTatiana Mikhailovna yaba umdlavuza.
Phakathi kokuzilibazisa kukaLeonov kwakuthwebula izithombe futhi kukhula imbali. ULeonid Maksimovich washiya isithombe se-amateur somkakhe nezingane, ngaphandle kokukhathala ukuthuthukisa abamba ukushisa edolobhaneni elibhala eTransMeinoni eduze kwaseMoscow, kwakuyiPhini likaSihlalo womphakathi waseRussia wengadi. ILeonova yeLeonova "Ihlathi laseRussia" ingenye yemisebenzi yokuqala yezincwadi zomhlaba ngezinkinga zemvelo.
Izincwadi
Umlobi oqeqeshiwe uLeonov waqala ngemuva kokuzalwa kwe-demobilization ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-20 yekhulu lama-20. Owokuqala kwakungukukhanya kwezindaba ze- "Burchga", "Care Hama" nendaba "Petushyinsky Break". NjengoMichael Sholokhov, imisebenzi ebaluleke kunazo zonke amanoveli ka- "Bumbunki" kanye ne "Isela" - uLeonid Maksimovich adalwe ebusheni bakhe.
Ngo-1927, umbhali wabamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni okubhaliwe - ukubhala ngokuhlanganyela kwe-Novel-Detective "imililo". Inhloko ngayinye yomsebenzi enyatheliswe kumagazini "Spark" kwakunguMlobi waKhe, u-Alexander Green no-Isaka Babel, uKonstantin Fedin noCoshhenko noMikhail Zoshkenko bavela phakathi kwalesi sifungo. Kukhishwe incwadi ehlukile ngo-2009 kuphela.
ULeonid Maksimovich wabhekwa njengento yangempela yeqiniso leSocialist futhi waba nomthelela ekukhanyiselweni kukaJoseph Stalin, "Izwi eliphathelene nephini lokuqala" kanye "noLanovskaya izingcezu mayelana nempi" kanye "nokuhlaselwa" kwalo ngu-Abrama Roma wanikezwa Umklomelo we-Stalin. Kodwa-ke, eminye imisebenzi yombhali yahlulwa futhi yavinjelwa.
Isiphetho esinjalo sahlupheka ngokuthi "blizzard" kanye "nokunakekelwa kwegolide". Ukucindezelwa kokuqala okushiwoyo, futhi kwesesibili - inhlekelele emasontweni asakazwayo eBabi Yar.
Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 leLeonov esebenza enonoveli lendlu eyinkimbinkimbi "iphiramidi". Umsebenzi wabona ukukhanya ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokushona komlobi.
Ukushona
Ezinyangeni ezi-4 ngemuva kokushona kukankosikazi wakhe, uLeonid Maksimovich wathola ukuthi wayene-Oncology - umdlavuza wesisu. Umlobi wayelinde ukufa, kepha ukwelashwa kwamsiza ngokuzumayo, futhi umlobi waphila eminye iminyaka eyi-15, okwakukhona kuyo iminyaka eyishumi yahlala ngamandla. I-ONCOLOGY isabanjwe uLeonov, ngonyaka wokugcina wokuphila kwakudala kuhlushwa umdlavuza womphimbo. Ukuhlupheka kwandiswa yizimo zokuphila esikhungweni se-Oncological.Ngo-Agasti 8, 1994, uLeonid Maksimovich ushone ephusheni efulethini eBig Nikitskaya Street. Umlobi wathunyelwa esontweni lokukhuphuka kweNkosi emasangweni oNikitsky. I-Leonov's Grouble itholakala emathuneni eNonodevichy eMoscow.
Ngo-2010, ochungechungeni "impilo yabantu abahle" yaphrinta incwadi kaZakhid Leonov: Umdlalo wakhe wawumkhulu. " Ku-biography yomlobi "Babakov" kanye "nehlathi laseRussia", inkokhiso yesimanje yanconywa ukuguqula umphikisi wakhe wezepolitiki wanamuhla uDmitry Bykov. Ngo-2020, i-bibliography yasePrilepina yagcwaliswa ngenye incwadi yokuphila yencwadi. Manje uSergey Yenun waba iqhawe likaSihlalo weqembu leqiniso.
I-Bibliography
- 1923 - PetushyInsky Break
- Ngo-1924 - "Ukuphela kwendoda encane"
- 1924 - "Izihlahlana"
- 1927 - "Isela"
- 1930 - "Sot"
- 1932 - "Skatarevsky"
- Ngo-1935 - "Umgwaqo oya olwandle"
- 1938 - "Wolf"
- 1938-1963 - Evgenia Ivanovna
- Ngo-1939 - "Misel"
- 1940-1994 - "Iphiramidi"
- Ngo-1942 - "Umuntu Ojwayelekile"
- 1942 - "Ukuhlasela"
- 1946 - "Ukunakekelwa Kwegolide
- 1953 - "Ihlathi laseRussia"
- Ngo-1961 - "indiza kaMnu Mac-Kinley"
Izics
- Ngo-1944 - "Ukuhlasela"
- 1956 - "Umuntu Ojwayelekile"
- Ngo-1964 - "Ihlathi laseRussia"
- 1975 - "" Mnu McKinley's Flight "