Umlando Wemilingiswa
I-TOVIT (ukugcizelela kusilabhasi sesibili) - umlingiswa webhayibheli okukhulunywe ngaye encwadini engeyona eyezincwadini, okuyingxenye yeTestamente Elidala. Abaphenyi abatholanga ubufakazi obuthembekile bokubhalwa, yize kukholakala ukuthi lo msebenzi ubhalwe yiqhawe.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
Ngenxa yokumbiwa eWest Bank yoMfula iJordani, abavubukuli bathola izingcezu zencwadi kaTobit ngezilimi zamaJuda nezi-Aramu. BONISA BAYE BAYELWEYELBUNYE BONKE BAMANYE BOKUGCINWA KWAMANDLA KWI-ADAMAIC, yize kungekho ubufakazi obuqondile.
Ukuhunyushwa koMbhalo wesandla olimini lwesiLatini kungokwaSofronia ngu-Eussiasia Jeronim. Ngemuva kwalokho wagcizelela ukuthi lo msebenzi webhayibheli ukungawukhiphi ohlwini lwezincwadi zezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Kuze kube yisikhathi sethu, izinketho nenguqulo yesiGreek ezinhlakeni ezintathu zafinyelelwa.
Umsebenzi weJerome, okukholakala ukuthi, wawususelwa emthonjeni wokuqala, wabona inguqulo yombhali. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umlobi wesonto wenza imibono eminingi kanye nezinguquko.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokudweba, incwadi ye-tovite kuthiwa yathandana nekhulu le-VI. Ns. Kanye nokuba yilungu lomuntu, lo mbuzo uhlupheke kaningi. Kucatshangelwa nokuthi umbhalo wesandla udalwe omunye umuntu endaweni ye-Arbangel Rafail.
KubuKatolika nase-Orthodoxy, kuyingxenye yeTestamente Elidala, kepha kubhekwa njenge-non-canonical. Kepha kubhayibheli lamaJuda akunjalo, umsebenzi ubalwa e-Apokrifam, kanye naseProthestani.
Kunoma ikuphi, le ncwadi isikhumbuzo esibalulekile somlando lapho ulwazi ngesimo sabantu base-Israel ekudingisweni kwe-Asiriya selugcinile. Imiphumela yabonakaliswa ngaphandle nangaphakathi: ukwehla kokuziphatha kwalandelelwa, kwenzeka izithombe.
Inhloso yalo msebenzi yisibonelo esibonakalayo sempilo ye-Tudita ePhariya ukukhombisa ukubaluleka kokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu, ubuhle nokubekezela. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, umbhalo wesandla wesandla awulahlekelwa ukuhambisana. Obaba amasonto bakhanga le ncwadi, bajabulele izingcaphuno ezintshumayelweni futhi bavule ukuhunyushwa kwangempela komsebenzi ofundisayo.
Isithombe ne-biography tudita
Umlingiswa osemqoka wavezwa ukulunga nendlela yokuphila ethobekile. Ngisho nasekudingisweni, angimkhohlwa uNkulunkulu futhi ngavuka njalo ngomkhuleko kuMdali. Kube nokuhlolwa okuningi ngekusasa leqhawe, kusukela ngoshushiso ngumbusi wase-Asiriya nokuphela ngobumpumputhe.Ekuqaleni, le ndoda yayicebile, yathengiswa futhi yazama ukusiza lapho icela ukudla nezingubo. Futhi, umJuda onobuhlakani wenza umngcwabo. Ngoba le nkosi yase-Asiriya uSenachirim yamgweba waze wafa. Waphoqeleka ukuba acashe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye azange ayeke ukwenza okuhle kwabanye.
Indaba iqala kusukela ngesikhathi somka-Ana ilungiselele isidlo sakusihlwa seqhawe. Ukuxoxa, ukubona itafula elimboziwe, kwacela indodana kaToviya ukuba iphume ngaphandle futhi ilethe abampofu ukuba bahlukanise ukudla naye.
UTovia wayilalelwa kuyise, kepha wabuya noswele enyafuthini - komunye wemigwaqo ebeka umJuda oqhumayo. Inhloko yomndeni ayizange zidle izinhlekelele, kepha zahamba futhi zamyisa isidumbu somuntu, zimngcwaba ngaleso sikhathi kuwo wonke amasiko.
Ngemuva kokungaphupha ngokungena ekhaya lami, njengoba nje kungenzeka, ngakho-ke lalala phansi egcekeni. Leli qhawe alibonanga ukuthi ukugcwala kwezinyoni kwawa kanjani emehlweni akhe, ngakusasa ekuseni.
Kwakunzima kuphila umndeni, akekho noyedwa kubo odokotela abakwaziyo ukubuyisa umbono wendoda. Umlingani wazama ngayo yonke inzuzo yakhe - uSpun Wool, ngoba wawuthola inkokhelo. Lapho owesifazane ebuyela ekhaya ngembuzi. UTobovit akazange ajabule ngesipho futhi afunwa kumngane ukuba abuyele lesi silwane. U-Ana waphendula, uyaqiniseka ukuthi lo ngumvuzo wokuziphatha okuhle. Futhi-ke iqhawe lalikhala, lichitha ukuxolelwa kwezono.
Kwakunesikhathi, konke kwaba kuhle ngokuphakelayo. Ngakhumbula ubaba kaThovia ngesiliva, owanikeza i-Hawaila. Le ndoda yanquma ukuthumela indodana yakhe ohambweni olude eya eMidiy Ragie. Kepha yayala le nsizwa ukuba zizinike elihambisana nalo.
UTovia uthole umlingani owazisa njenge-Azarya kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Anania. Babusise ikhanda labo lomndeni, behlela. Yena noma indodana eyayazi ukuthi esemgwaqweni kwakungeyona omunye umuntu othanda i-Archangel Rafail. Wezwa imithandazo yenhloko yomndeni, kanye nentombazane eyishwa kaSara, yawo ezomkhwenyana yafa ngobusuku bomshado, yanquma ukusiza bobabili.
Uhambo lwaphenduka isikhathi eside, kepha luphumelele. U-Angel wahola uThofiya endlini kaRaguil, uBaba Sarra, wavuma ngomshado wabancane. Wabe esefundisa abasanda kushada, ukuthi baxosha kanjani idemoni elibi asmady. Yena uqobo waya eHawaila futhi wathatha isiliva.
Ukuthengiswa kukaRaguil kwaboshwa. U-Ana wamngcwaba indodana yakhe, futhi akazange alale ebusuku, engakholelwa ukuthi uzobuya ephila. Imikhuleko kayise nonina yazwakala, futhi uThovia weza ekhaya akasulwanga engathembi kuphela, kodwa nangomkakhe, isiliva nesiliva.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uTudita, le nsizwa yelaphakele ebumpumputhe, hlikihla amehlo akhe nge-fish bile. Ngibonge umuntu kaNkulunkulu ukuba athethelele nensindiso futhi wayala ngokukhululekile ukukhokha no-Azariyu. Lowo waveza ubuntu bakhe futhi wajezisa uyise futhi wabulala oPhezukonke futhi ubhale ngezimangaliso zencwadi.
Izahluko ezi-2 zokugcina zombhalo wesandla ziqukethe umyalezo kubantu abavela kumbhali, lapho umjondolo we-POOLD ebiza ukuba aphile ngezivumelwano, angona futhi abuyise isihe sikaNkulunkulu.
I-TOVIT KWI-CUSTICE
Abaculi eRenaissance Italy banxuse ehlelweni lwebhayibheli. Izithombe ezibonisa ikhambi lomlingiswa oyimpumputhe zazivame uku-oda labo abaphethwe yisifo esifanayo ngethemba lokuthi izobuya umbono.
Izinhloso zasebenzisa abadwebi abadumile abanjengoRafael, iTitali kanye ne-Bottlicelli. Umculi wase-Italy uStrozzy Bernardo wabhala "ukuphulukisa tobit" (1632), ekhombisa umzuzu imizuzwana embalwa kuye esimangalisweni. Esithombeni, umbhali ukhokha ukunaka kakhulu imizwa - isikhathi silindele uYise, ithemba elethukile lika-Ana. Ukukhathazeka i-Aura yadluliselwa ngokuphelele ngombala ongajwayelekile kanye nokuthungwa kwe-canvas.
Umdwebi waseDashi uRembrandt Wang Rhine wathumba enye indawo umka umfazi alethela ekhaya. Isithombe esithi "Tovit no-Anna ngeYagnenk" sathandana neminyaka eyi-1626-1627. Iqhawe eliyimpumputhe lihlala, igoqa izandla zalo ekushumeni komkhuleko. Amehlo akhe angakuboni ukukhanya kubhekiswe kuNkulunkulu - umuntu wesaba ukuthi lowo oshade naye athatha isono emphefumulweni, futhi azame ukuhlela intethelelo koPhezukonke.
Omunye umfanekiso kaRembrandt ukhombisa ukulindelwa okuhle kwabazali bakhe - base umhlangano kanye neNdodana okuwukuphela kwayo. Ubumnyama bendlu bukhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga kusuka efasiteleni, elifanekisela ithemba likaYise lokubona indlalifa ukuze iphile. Namuhla kungumbazi otholakala eBoimans Museum - Wang Bengenna eRotterdam.
Esithombeni "ingelosi uRafail isuka eTovita nomndeni wakhe" umuntu wawa ngamadolo, sibonga isithunywa sasezulwini.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Isendlalelo mayelana neSarre no-Asmade, abayeni bentombazane ezilukhuni, basetshenziswa nguMikhail Yurevich Lermontov enkondlweni ethi "Demon" Poem.
- Incazelo yegama lomlingiswa wasebhayibhelini "yinhle."
- Ngokusho kwenye yezinguqulo, ukungcwatshwa kwesidumbu kufana nesisusa sika- "Noble Deadman", owawulandelwa ezinganekwaneni zaseRussia.
Amacaphuna
"Hhayi udabukile ... Uzofika uphilile, amehlo akho ambona, ngokuba uyoba yingelosi enhle; Indlela yawo iyoba namahloni, futhi izobuya iphilile ngokuthi "" Ulandela uMthetho nemiyalo futhi ube yi-Loveling futhi ulungile ukuba kukuhle. Ngingukuhle ngokucophelela, nonyoko kanye nami, bese ungahlali eNenevia "I-Bibliography
- II ngekhulu Bc E - "I-Tovita Book"