I-Biograge
Ibhubesi lezigxobo zingelokulingwa kobuntu obuvelele obumelela umcabango wefilosofi ngekhulu lesiliva. Okumangazayo, okwangempela futhi kuqondakala ngokuphelele, wahlanganyela kugogo wakhe kanye nokudonswa kwezinhlelo ezikhona ezinkamezayo. Kuze kube manje, igama lakhe liyindlu enjengezimangaliso nasezindaweni, abakhona kanye nezazi zefilosofi zenkolo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama langempela lefilosofi - Yehuda Liebe Schwartzman, wazalwa ngoJanuwari 31, 1866 emndenini ocebile wabakhiqizi. Uyise, u-Merchaac Uac Moisevich, owayene-Kiev abakwa-Kiev abakhulu kakhulu ababandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni kwendwangu, kanye nezitolo ezithengisa izindwangu ezibizayo. Unina ka-Anna Grigorievna waletha izingane eziyisikhombisa - amadodana amathathu namadodakazi amane. Isithombe somndeni esiphethwe ngumndeni waseSchwarzManov sigcinwe, lapho abazali bezungeza izindlalifa ezinhlanu zabantu abadala.
Ukwakheka kwesizukulwane esincane kwanakwa kakhulu, njengoba ubaba ezwakala yindoda ebukwayo nolwazi. Ibhubesi laqale lafunda endaweni yokuzivocavoca lesithathu eKiev, futhi nemfundo eqhubekayo yaqhubeka eMoscow. Lapha eyunivesithi, isazi sefilosofi esizayo saba ngumfundi we-Faculty of Mathematics. Kamuva, le nsizwa ibuyela ezweni lakubo, lapho eyunivesithi yakuleli wazama khona ukuthola imali yoMthetho, kodwa i-dissertation yakhe, igcwele ukukhululeka, ayizange idlule ekucwaningeni.
Akuzange kuvimbele ibhubesi ukuthi lisebenze njengommeli kanye nommeli we-Jiry Jury, ngenkathi ekhokha isikhathi ebhizinisini likaYise, owayehleka ngeNdodana yeThemba futhi ebona ezayo esikhundleni sakhe. Abafowethu abasebasha ababizwa ngokuthi bathembekile bekungenakwenzeka. Abayishumi nesithupha babelwela ukuba yindlalifa ebongile, kepha izindaba zabathengisi azimvumela ukuba aqine futhi wazibandakanya kakhulu kwifilosofi, ayithwalwa ebhentshini labafundi.
Le nsizwa yayikhathazekile zombili izindaba zenhlalo nakwezomnotho njengesikhundla sabasebenzi kanye nefilosofi yenkolo maqondana nokutholwa kwabo futhi babuyise "kwezikhathi zokuxhumana eziphukile". Uthisha wokuqala uLev uLuving Shakespeare, omiswe yimisebenzi yakhe isifiso sokuqonda imithetho yokuba ngumlando wokuba. Wazama ngokwakhe ngokubhala, abhalela izindaba nezinkondlo, kepha akuzange kube ngumsebenzi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yesazi sefilosofi ivelile ngesikhathi sokuhlala phesheya. Unkosikazi u-Anna Elezarovna Berezovskaya izigxobo wahlangana eRoma. Indodakazi yomnikazi womhlaba kanye nesifo esicibizayo ilahlekelwe ngabazali bayo kusenesikhathi futhi amaphupho amahle okuphatha abalimi abazithandayo. Kulokhu, le ntombazane ngemuva kokuphela kweGymnasium yathuthela eYurophu, lapho afundela khona udokotela. Lapho ngo-1887 kwakukhona umhlangano no-Isakovich, owaba umyeni wakhe, noyise wabantwana bakhe - amadodakazi kaTatiana noNatalia.UShestov kwadingeka afihle umshado kubazali bakhe: le ntombazane yavuma ku-Orthodoxy, ukuthi iJudiya lama-Orthodox, elalinguyise wesazi sefilosofi, lalithathwa njengelingamukeleki. Lo mshado wawubhekwa njengokungemthetho, futhi izingane zatholakala ngokusemthethweni. Indoda yayingenakulwa namadodakazi abhapathizwa. Yena uqobo wayengeyena umuntu wokuvuma.
Ukuze uBaba abengazi ngomshado, izingongolo nomkakhe bahlala eYurophu, futhi bezogwema amahemuhemu, kaningi babehlala eJalimane, bese eSwitzerland. Unkosikazi waqhubeka nokufunda kwathi ngo-1903 wathola idiploma yezokwelapha eLausanne. Ngo-1908 bakwazile ngokusemthethweni ngomshado ngesikhathi sohambo oluya eLondon, futhi kusukela lapho, u-Anna Elezarovna namadodakazi agqoke isibongo sikaSchwarzman. Ngasikhathi sinye, eRussia, le nyunyana yaphetha eNgilandi yayibhekwa njengengasebenzi, ngakho-ke umndeni wesazi sefilosofi ezweni lakubo waphinda wangena esimweni esisengozini.
Umlingani wasindisa umyeni wakhe futhi washona ngo-1962. Wangcwatshwa ngokwahlukana kusuka kwesithupha emathuneni aseRussia eSt. Geneva de-boo. Lapha, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, ukuthula kwaphakade kukaTatiana ukuthula kwaphakade kwatholakala. INatalia encane kunazo zonke yaphila impilo ende yashiya le ncwadi "impilo kabhubesi iSilov", ezinikezelwe e-biography kababa.
Ifilosofi
Incwadi yokuqala kaShestova yaphuma ngonyaka we-1898 yabizwa ngokuthi "Shakespeare nomgxeki wakhe." Sekuvele kube nezinkinga eziye zaba yi-Cornersleng emsebenzini womuntu ocabangayo: isifiso sokwazisa ngezimfundiso zezimfundiso, ukuqonda usizi lokuphila, ukwenqatshwa kokuziphatha kanye nemigomo yokuziphatha yonke.
Incwadi yesibili uLev Isakovich enikezelwe ekuhlaziyeni kobuhlakani bakaFriedrich Nietzsche, owaba yisampula yomcabangi ozimele ongabona, ezwa futhi akhulume okusha futhi angabizi. Waqhathanisa imfundiso yokuhle emisebenzini yesazi sefilosofi yaseJalimane enemibono kaLeo Tolstoy, nasencwadini elandelayo yafuna ukuxoxisana neNiezsche enye insika yezincwadi zeNational Foostor DOSTOVSKY. Kuyincwadi ethi "Dostoevsky naseNietzsche. Ifilosofi yale nhlekelele "yaletha udumo lwesithupha. Kulokho kubuyekezwa kuye, uNikolai Berdyaev wabiza umbhali ukuthi "umlobi onekhono kakhulu kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu ezincwadini."
ULev Isaakovich waqhubeka nokufuna kwakhe, izithelo zazo kwakuyizici ezazinikezelwa emsebenzini ka-Alexander Pushkin, u-Ivan Turgenev, u-Anton Chekhov nakwamanye ama-Classics ezincwadi zaseRussia. UShestov ubhekiswe abahumushi abaphambili kwabahumushi befilosofi yasekhaya ngokucabanga kwakhe, ukuqonda indawo yomuntu emhlabeni kanye nomlando, ukuthola ukubaluleka okujulile kokuba nezixazululo ezithile zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha okuhle.
I-Manifesto yesithupha kwakuwumsebenzi we- "Acotholesis of boonenacy", enyatheliswa ngo-1905 futhi wathumela ezingcaphuni ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zephrofayili ephezulu eMoskovsky naseSt. Lapha umlobi wafingqa okuhlangenwe nakho kokucabanga okuphikiswa yiluphi uhlobo lwemfundiso. Ngo-1911, kwakhululwa ama-6-Tonnik wefilosofi ePhilosofi endlini yokushicilela, kufaka phakathi "ama-keystres" neminye imisebenzi.
Ngawo-1920s, ishumi nesithupha sawa eSoviet Russia, sahlala eFrance. Ngokuphathelene namandla amasha, wabhala i-athikili ebucayi "Kuyini iRussia Bolshevism", egcizelela ukusatshalaliswa kombuso nokungakwazi kwayo ngobuhlakani. Emfuleni, umuntu ocabangayo uyaqhubeka ukubhala, edala imisebenzi "ye-Athene neJerusalema", "Kyrgyhard kanye nefilosofi ekhona", "esikalini sikaJobe. Ukuzulazula ngemiphefumulo. "
Ukushona
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila, isazi sefilosofi esichithwe eFrance, sifunda umsebenzi wabacabangi bezikhathi zasendulo futhi baxhumana nabasezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lefilosofi yesikhathi sakhe. UShestov ukhulume eSorbonne ngezinkulumo, ochwepheshe emsebenzini weDostoevsky naseTolstoy.Ngo-1938, indoda eneminyaka engu-72 ubudala yanda izinkinga namaphaphu. Ekuqaleni, kwatholakala ukuthi une-bronchitis, kodwa ngemuva kwalokho wathola i-bacillus efuthekile, okwakuyimbangela yokufa, ekuseni ngoNovemba 19. Izinsuku Zokugcina Le Lev Isaakovich ezisetshenziswe esibhedlela, lapho umkakhe nendodakazi yakhe babezungezwe khona ukunakekela. Ithuna lomuntu ocabangayo lisemathuneni amasha eBuloni, indawo engaphansi kweParis.
Amacaphuna
- "Umkhuba wokucabanga okunengqondo ubulala amaphupho."
- "Umsebenzi wefilosofi akayona eyokuthambisa, kepha abantu abanamahloni."
- "Umsebenzi wami wonke ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo futhi uphela unomphela."
- "Udinga ukwazi ukusebenzisa konke, ngisho nokufa ukuze usebenzise izinhloso zokuphila kwethu."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1989 - "Shakespeare nomgxeki wakhe"
- 1900 - "Kuhle ekufundisweni kwe-C. UTolstoy noNietzsche "
- 1903 - "I-DOSTOVSKY NEN NIETZSCHE"
- Ngo-1905 - "I-Acothesis yokungadli wombhede. Isipiliyoni Sokucabanga Kwe-Adogram "
- Ngo-1915 - "Potestas Clavium (Keys)"
- Ngo-1927 - "Ukudala ne-Apoclipsis"
- Ngo-1929 - "esikalini sikaJobe. Imiphefumulo
- Ngo-1935 - "Kyrgygar and Dostoevsky"
- Ngo-1937 - "Kireghard - Isazi Sezenkolo"
- Ngo-1938 - "I-Athene neJerusalema"