I-Biograge
UMelanie Klein waqala waphupha ukuthi abe ngudokotela, kodwa endabeni yokuphulukiswa kwabantu ekugcineni esondela ngokungaqondile, efunda ukwelashwa kwemiphefumulo yabantu. Owesifazane waduma njengesisekelo se-Psychoanaanalysis yengane kanye nokwelashwa kwemidlalo. Uhole umkhuba we-psychoanalytic, wabhala imisebenzi yezesayensi futhi washiya incwadi eyifa ngemuva kwakhe, okubaluleke kakhulu ngesibindi, imvelaphi kanye nokuvukelayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umndeni kaMelanie wayengobuzwe obungumJuda nangesikhathi sendodakazi yakhe ngoMashi 30, 1882 wayehlala eVienna. Ubaba kaMoritz Riesseses noMama weLibssa babenomehluko oneminyaka engu-20, ngaphandle kwalokho, indoda ibe nomshado wesibili. Kwazalwa izingane ezine kuye.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ebuntwaneni nasebukweni laseMelanie kwadingeka ukuthi basinde lapho uchungechunge lokulahlekelwa okujulile, okuholele ekucindezelekeni okuvela. Uqale washonelwa udadewabo wakudala, owashona eneminyaka engu-8. Amantombazane ayesondelene kakhulu, futhi lokhu kufa kwaba yinhlekelele yangempela ye-psychoanalyst yangempela. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva washonelwa ngumfowabo, futhi uYise akazange abe lapho intombazane ineminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Wasinda kafushane nonina.
UMelanie wayefuna ukuya ezinyathelweni zikaYise, udokotela ezenziwa ngudokotela. Ngemuva kokuphela kwendawo yokuzivocavoca kwabesifazane, wayehlose ukuthola imfundo yezokwelapha, kodwa izinguquko empilweni yomuntu siqu zenze izinguquko kulezi zinhlelo. UKlein unezingane, futhi wakwazi ukukhokha isikhathi kuphela ukutadisha ubuciko e-University of Vienna, kodwa ngisho nalokhu kuqeqeshwa akunakuphela. Kamuva, ukuthola usizo ekwelapheni ukudana kwengqondo ku-psychoanalyst, lona wesifazane wakhombisa intshisekelo nge-psychoanalysis, ekhomba i-veter ye-biography enobungcweti.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho umyeni wakhe u-Arthur Klyin, le ntombazane yaqala ukuhlangana eneminyaka engu-17, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4 yaba ngumkakhe. Ukuba nomlingiswa osindayo nongeluleki, uMelanie akakwazanga ukujabula emshadweni, okwathatha iminyaka engama-20.Izingane ezintathu zazalelwa emndenini, emndenini, uMelitta, uHans no-Eric, nokho, ubudlelwane nabo babenzima. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uMelanie wagcizelela ukubaluleka kothando, okuvumela ukunqoba ukucekela phansi nokubala ubutha, ukuqonda nokuzethemba kanye nokuzethemba ngenzalo yabo, wayengeke afinyelele. Indodana endalo yamiselwe ukufela, nendodakazi, esevuthiwe, yahlukaniswa ngokuphelele nonina. Ubuye wahlanganyela ku-psychoanalysis, futhi ngosuku lokufa kukamama benqabile ukuya emngcwabeni wakhe.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwabonisa isithakazelo kudivayisi yomphefumlo womuntu ngo-1914, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, uMelanie useqalile ukuzilolonga. Izinto zokuqala zokufunda zazizingane zabo. Ngaleso sikhathi, uKlein wayehlala eBudapest, lapho eba yilungu le-Hungary Psychoanalytic Society. Ngasikhathi sinye, lona wesifazane wahlangana noSigmund Freud, futhi kamuva imisebenzi yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Neofreedist School, lapho, khona, lapho, khona, ezinyathelweni ze-psychoanalysis zaqhubeka nokudalula izindaba ze-Edipov eziyinkimbinkimbi zokufa.
UMelanie wagxila ekufundweni kokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo nezinhlobo zolaka aboniswe ebuntwaneni. Okuphambene nolaka, wabheka uthando njengamandla enhlangano we-psyche. Kodwa-ke, izifiso ezibhubhisayo nomcwaningi wesikhundla ocindezelayo zibizwa ngokuthi yizigaba eziphoqelelayo ukuthi ubuntu budlulela ngesikhathi sentuthuko.
Ngo-1921, owesifazane wathuthela eBerlin, kwathi eminyakeni emi-5 kamuva - eNgilandi, eyayisekhaya kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Lapha, umsebenzi wokuzilolonga nomsebenzi wokucwaninga usufinyelele esimweni se-heyday. Ucwaningo lwesayensi uKlein olufingqiwe ezincwadini ezithi "umona nokubonga", "uthando, amawayini nokuziphindisela", "ukuthuthukiswa kwengane eyodwa" nabanye. Abalandeli bakaFride, ikakhulukazi indodakazi yakhe u-Anna Freud, bajoyina uMelanie ngempikiswano, bamgxeka ukusuka ku-Orthodox Psychoanalysis.
Egalini le-Psychology, elenza uKlein, kuseyizingxabano. Ngasikhathi sinye, ithonya layo laholela ekwakhekeni kweqembu laseKleininsk emphakathini waseBrithani we-Psychoanalytic. Imicabango yososayensi iboshelwe ngo-Margaret Maletic Margaret Malet - umbhali wethiyori yobudlelwano bento. Ngokukhethekile e-Psychoanalysis yengane, uMelanie ubesebenza neziguli ezindala, ethola izimpande zezinzwa zawo ekuphazamisekeni okungokomzwelo zitholwe esemncane.
Ukushona
Iminyaka engu-35 yokugcina yokuphila uKlein wayehlala eLondon. Lapha lona wesifazane wahlanganyela kwisayensi, wahola lo mkhuba wabhala lezi zincwadi kuze kube yilapho kutholwa isimila sekoloni. Lesi sifo sakhula ekwindla ngo-1960. NgoSepthemba, uMelanie wenza ukuhlinzwa, kepha wayengeke akwazi ukusiza, futhi i-psychoanalyst yashonela esibhedlela eminyakeni engama-78. Imbangela yokufa kwakuwukufowa komthambo we-pulmonary. Umzimba we-crumided eshiswe ngegolide eluhlaza okotshani.I-Bibliography
- "Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengane Enye"
- "Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Psychoanalysis"
- "I-Psychoanaallysis Yezingane"
- "Uthando, amawayini nokuphindiselela"
- "I-Oedipov tata ekukhanyeni kwama-alamu okuqala"
- "Umona nokubonga"