I-Biograge
U-Abraham Masu wayengumthombo wezengqondo enobuntu kanye nomlobi wephiramidi ye-hierarchical yabantu abajwayelekile. Eminyakeni edlule umsebenzi we-United States of America, indoda ikhiphe izindatshana eziningi zesayensi nezinkulungwane zezintatheli.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Abraham Maslow Biography waqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, wazalelwa eCalifornia emndenini omkhulu osebenza. Amadlozi e-Psytality yobuzwe obuzayo, ebusheni bakhe bafuna ukuzinza ezweni lobungtali abathuthukile.
USamuel Maslov noRosa Shilovskaya bathuthela eMelika eRussia bahlala emaphethelweni eBrooklyn. Ubaba, isikweleti sochwepheshe, abengekho ekhaya kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sebusuku, abahola imali yokulungiswa komkakhe nezingane ezincane.
Ngasindisa imali eyanele, umndeni washintsha indawo yokuhlala. Emphakathini ongewona amaJuda, umfana waqala wahlangana nezinkinga eziningi ezinkulu. U-Abrahama wayevame ukugconwa ngenxa yokubonakala okuzwakalayo okumnandi nokuziphatha okwangqongqoza ezinhlelweni ezisunguliwe.
Ngenxa yalokho, ebuntwaneni, ibhotela kwakuyingane evaliwe, enesizungu, engajabule, izincwadi ezivela kumtapo wezincwadi wendawo zathathelwa indawo abangane nezintombi. Imininingwane, ethembelwe yingane emisebenzini yama-Classics ezincwadi, isize ngesikhathi sokubhekana nalokho okwakuzungeza.
Esikoleni, inzalo yabasebenzi bamaJuda yayiyintandokazi yothisha, ngokukhululeka okumangazayo, wayazi izihloko ezinzima kakhulu. Umfana wayethanda isayensi yemvelo, i-anatomy kanye nezibalo, ejabulela ukuhlaziywa kwama-algorithms arithmetic nama-theorems.
Ezigabeni eziphezulu ngeseluleko sabazali, wajula emlandweni womthetho futhi wangena ekolishi lezomthetho maphakathi nawo-1920s. Ngonyaka wokuqala, le nsizwa yahlangana nomhloli we-Edward Bradford Titchener, i-Anglo-American "American" Spakers Pupers.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lomngane omkhulu, u-Abrahama washintsha lobungcweti wathuthela edolobheni laseMadison, lapho kwakukhona khona inyuvesi yaseWisconsin. Njengoba ubhaliswe ngezincwadi eziphakanyisiwe kuProfessor Harry Frederik Frederik Harlow, ongowokuzalwa eBrooklyn ngaphandle kwezivivinyo wawela efezeki yengqondo.
Usenze kahle indlela ehlelekile yokufunda ngokuziphatha kwabantu nezilwane, umfundi wathola iziqu ze-bachelor ngo-1930. Izifiso ezivelayo zasiza ekubhaleni nasekuvikeleni i-dissertation, ababuyekezi bakholelwa ukuthi abaphothule babephenduka inkanyezi yesayensi ngokuzayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yomphakathi wamafutha uyazi okuncane, esemncane wathandana nomzala omncane. Emndenini wezihlobo, umalume no-anti, owakhuphula uBert Gudman, le nsizwa yafika ngokushesha egcekeni.Ebusheni bakhe u-Abrahama besaba ukwenza isiphakamiso semisho, naphezu kwalokhu, umshado osemthethweni wenzeka ngo-1928. Umfundi waseyunivesithi ogcwele injabulo wabona ukuthi ikusasa elikhulu lalibonga imizwa, ukusekelwa komlingani nomsebenzi.
Ngokufika komkakhe, udokotela wezengqondo waseMelika ngaphakathi nangaphandle, imizwelo yanda kaningi ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamadodakazi. Indlalifa yombuso wezobuhlakani, sesivuthiwe futhi yathola imfundo, yaba uzakwethu ngokunako kanye nekusasa lemibono.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Iphrojekthi yokuqala ezimele yebhotela yanikezwa iziqu zesayensi, umsebenzi wawususelwa ekubukeni kwekoloni le-Monkey. Ukuhlola impilo yocansi yama-primates kusuka endaweni yokubuka kokuziphatha, le nsizwa ihlaziye isici ngasinye.
Ngemuva kokuvikela i-thesis, u-Abrahama wazinza eNew York, lapho ahlangana khona nabamele imibuthano yobuhlakani obuJuda. U-Alfred Adler, uMax ververimer, uKurt Goldstein noKaren Horney babambisana nabasebenza nabo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930s.
Ekuqaleni, usosayensi wayethanda uJohn Brodes Watson uyasebenza, wabe esebona ukuthi bagxile ekuhlolweni kwelebhu. Ukucatshangelwa okungokoqobo komqondo wobumba obuyinkimbinkimbi bomuntu babambe ingqondo yendoda ngesikhathi esifanele.
Umqondo wonke ngokutadisha okwenzeka ngokuzenzela ngokwawo, awuzange uthande kozakwabo, abantu abanomqondo ofanayo nothisha. Noma kunjalo, udokotela oqeqeshiwe wezengqondo abeke phambili imibono emisha futhi waveza umgwaqo kubo.
Ukuba nguprofesa waseBrooklyn College, u-Abraham wethule umbono wobuntu obuqinile, ancike, ngokungafani ne-Psychoanalysts, ekwazisweni kwabantu abajwayelekile. Esigabeni sokuqala sokutadisha lesi sihloko esiminyene nesiyinkimbinkimbi, wabhala izindatshana eziningi ezihehayo, kodwa ezichazwe kabi.
Kwakudingeka ukuhlukanisa umsebenzi wokucwaninga ngezigaba ezintathu ezibalulekile ezibalulekile eziholwa ekuhlolweni kwamafutha e-Pyramid adumile. Ukuphakanyiswa kwezidingo zabantu nokubonakaliswa kwezici ngazinye kwamelwa amaMelika ekuqaleni kwawo-1950.
Imiqondo emisha ibixhumeke ezincwadini zokuzenzisa, amanani akhona, ama-methyimatization kanye nokuqaliswa kwezidingo ezilamba. Umhlaba 'we-peak okuhlangenwe nakho', okuchazwe emisebenzini evuthiwe, ngoba abantu abaningi ababephila nabo babengabafokazi.
Incwadi ethi "Ukugqugquzela nobuntu" yayiqukethe imidwebo yethiyori, eyamukelwa kamuva nguKarl Rogers nozakwabo abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Abaphikisi bendlela entsha yokuhlaziya Psychology ababonwe ezingcaphukeni nasezicaphuno ze-Alologbism nenkohliso ecacile.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umdwebo obonisa izidingo zomuntu uzuze ukuthandwa phakathi kwabamele imibuthano ehlakaniphile. Le phrojekthi ibithathwa njengomnikelo ekuthuthukisweni komnotho nokuphatha, kanye nenqwaba yemisebenzi eyisisekelo ekhethekile.
Ukunyakaza okuvela e-phyvology kanye nesifiso sokuphepha kulwazi, ama-aesthetics kanye nokuzenzela okuveze amaqembu ahlukene abantu emphakathini wanamuhla. Phakathi kwabantu, kancane kancane amazinga ephiramidi, ayengowakwa-Abraham Lincoln, eDuxy Huxley no-Albert Einstein.
Isithombe esibonakalayo esibonakalayo sokuthuthukiswa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kobuntu baba yimpumelelo enkulu yesayensi ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-50. Kuvele ezincwadini eziningi ze-classical Psychology evamile endaweni yamadolobha aseMelika naseYurophu.
Umlobi waholwa yi-Faculty kanye noMnyango e-Brewres Research University futhi waba nguMongameli Wenhlangano Yezazi zezengqondo ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene ayishumi nambili. Ngakho-ke, izindatshana nezincwadi ezibhalwe ngu-Abraham Maslow zaziyimpahla yamaFulentshi, amaRussia, amaJalimane namaBrithani.
I-American isebenze eduze namaphephabhuku - "umagazini weTransparpal Psychology" kanye namaphephandaba ambalwa amasonto onke. Ngenxa yokubonisana enekhono, inqwaba yamaphrojekthi anethalente aqinisekiswa ukuthi ashicilelwe izivivinyo.
Lapho kushona ilanga lokuphila, uMaslow weseka ithimba labaphenyi abavela eCalifornia Institute Essalen, eyasungulwa kuma-60s. Ubuye wanaka umsebenzi wemiphakathi yesayensi ye-thematic, imibono eyinhloko eyaziwa ngemibuthano ekhanyiselwe.
Ukushona
Lapho eneminyaka engama-60, ekwahlulela ngezithombe, ibhotela lahlukaniswa ngempilo eqinile, noma yiziphi izifo ezaziwa yizingane noma izingane noma umfazi osemthethweni. Ngemuva kokufa, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngoJuni 1970, ozakwabo baphawulwa kwisayensi yezwe elithuthukisiwe.I-Bibliography
- 1943 - "Ithiyori Yesisusa Somuntu"
- 1954 - "Ukugqugquzeleka nobuntu"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ukuphathwa Kokuphana Kwemvelo"
- Ngo-1962 - "Kubhekisa kwengqondo yokuba"
- Ngo-1964 - "Izimali, Izinkolo kanye Nezipele Okuhlangenwe nakho"
- Ngo-1966 - "Psychology of Science. Ucwaningo Oluhlolisayo "
- Ngo-1967 - "Ukuzikhethela"
- 1971 - "Amalambu amasha Emvelo Yomuntu"