I-Biograge
Ebusheni bakhe, uMartin Heidegger angaba amakholwa eSonto, kepha athanda ifilosofi. Waba odumile njengoMlobi Wemisebenzi ku-Phenomenology kanye neHermeneutitutics, ahlala ekufuneni kuze kube manje.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMartin Heidegger wazalwa ngoSepthemba 26, 1889 edolobheni laseJalimane laseMiskirch. Wayengumntwana ophakeme emndenini wezinkukhu ezingezinhle, ezazama ukukhulisa izingane emoyeni wobuKatolika. Umfana ukhule kanye nodadewabo omncane uMaria noMfowethu Friedrich.
Omunye uMartin waqala ukukhonza njengesonto, lapho umfundisi, owasiza ukuthola umfundaze odongeni, wadonsela ukunakekela kumfundi onekhono. Kamuva, le nsizwa yahlala e-Episcopian Seminary eFreiburg, lapho ayeyothatha isisulu futhi ahlanganyele ukuhleleka kwamaJesuits, kodwa aphoqelelwa ukuba ashiye isigodlo sezindela ngenxa yezinkinga zenhliziyo.
Lapho-ke uHeidegler wanquma ukuba ngumfundi we-Freiburg University, lapho ngangifunda khona imfundiso yenkolo. Ngalesi sikhathi, lo mfo wafunda okuningi, efunda iziphambeko zefilosofi nemisebenzi yabacabangi basendulo, ngenxa yalokho ayekungabaza ngokunemba kwendlela ekhethiwe.
Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni uMartin wasuswa kude nesonto nemibono yobuKatolika, kamuva waba umfundi wefilosofi. Kwakudingeka ukuphazamisa izifundo zabo ngenxa yokukhanga ngaphambili, kepha ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo, kwavela ukuthi ayifanele yini inkonzo emugqeni wangaphambili futhi kwakuwumthwalo wemuva.
Ngemuva kokubuya, le nsizwa yavikela i-dissertation yesibili futhi yathola umsebenzi e-University of Freiburg, lapho afunda khona izinkulumo kubuhlakani benkolo. Kepha njengoba uHaedegger ehlukaniswa ngokwengeziwe ezinhlamvwini zobuKatolika, wanquma ukuhumushela eNyuvesi yaseMorder, lapho afundisa khona iminyaka embalwa embalwa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni bakhe, umcabangi washada nomfundi wakhe u-Enderfy, owazala amadodana kaJorga naseJalimane. Ngemuva kokushona kukaMartin, imininingwane yempilo yabantu abashadayo abanikeza amandla okuphakamisa ukuthi baphila emshadweni ovulekile.UHydegger wayazi ukuthi ubaba wezemvelo wendodana yakhe encane kwakungu-Elfried bird umngane, kodwa waletha uHerman njengomdabu. Futhi, owesilisa wayesebuhlokweni othandanayo nonkosikazi womngane wakhe u-Elizabeth Blokhmann, kanye nokuqasha kwakhe umfundi wakhe uKannaya.
Ifilosofi
Imibono yefilosofi yososayensi yathuthukiswa ngaphansi kwethonya lika-Edmund Gusserly, ahlangana nalo eFreiburg University. Encwadini yakhe yokuqala, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "uGenesise kanye nesikhathi", umbhali usebenzisa izinto ezithile ze-gusseerly phenomenology, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ubeka imicabango yakhe ngolwazi (i-gnoseology).
Umqondo osemqoka kwifilosofi yalowo ocabangayo nguDasein, ochazwa njengomuntu osemhlabeni. Itholakala kuphela engxenyeni yesipiliyoni, kepha hhayi ulwazi futhi ayikhonjelwa encazelweni enengqondo.
Kusukela, ngokusho kososayensi, ukugcinwa kolimi, udinga indlela entsha yokuyiqonda. Ngakho-ke, iHydegger yathuthukisa ukuqondiswa kwe-ontological hermeneits, okuzovumela ukuqonda ukuthi ngokunembile, ukwembula okuqukethwe kwayo okungaqondakali ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlaziywa nokuzindla.
Ukushicilelwa kwe- "Genesise Nesikhathi" kwaphumelela, futhi kakade ngo-1928 umbhali wakwazi ukuguqula uGesserly esihlalweni sefilosofi ye-University of University of University of University of University of Inyuvesithi yaseFreiburg University. Inkulumo yokuqala, indoda enikele umqondo wezingathekiso, ekuvezeni kwayo okwakugxilwe kakhulu emibonweni kaFriedrich Nietzsche. Kamuva, waze wazinikezela kuye ukushicilela okubizwa ngokuthi yi-nietzsche neze.
Izindatshana nezincwadi zomlobi, ezishicilelwe eminyakeni eyalandela, zazithandwa ngokulinganayo, phakathi kwazo "ezengeziwe", "I-Hegelev Phecomenology kaMoya" kanye "nemibono esemqoka yefilosofi kaMartin yembulwa.
Kodwa-ke, ukufundwa kwazo kwathonywa ngokwengxenye yedumela elingathandeki lososayensi, okwamzalela ngemuva kokufika kwamaNazi ahoxiswa ngu-Adolf Hitler. I-Heidegger yathola umyalo weposi we-University of Freiburg, ajoyine i-NSDAP futhi asho izinkulumo eziningana, ezenza ukuthi zenzeke ukucatshangelwa kokusekelwa kwakhe kwezinhloso zamaNazi.
Uma uthanda lokhu, amarekhodi ase- "Black Notebooks", lapho abacwaningi be-Biography biography bathola khona izitatimende ezilwa namaSemite. Ngo-1934, washiya ngokungazelele embhedeni weposi, kwathi ngemuva kwempi wasuswa emfundisweni ngenxa yokusolwa kokunamathela emibonweni yeNazi.
Ukuvinjelwa kwasuswa ngo-1951 kuphela, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho le ndoda yakwazi ukululama njengoprofesa. Ngaphambi nje kwalokhu, washicilela incwadi eya kubantu, eyayichazwa ngemibono yefilosofi yabafundi baseFrance.
Ukushona
Isazi sefilosofi sashona ngoMeyi 26, 1976, imbangela yokufa yabuthaka impilo. Ngokwentando ye-hydegger, bangcwaba amathuna kubathengi bakhe bomdabu. Ngokukhumbula, izincwadi nezithombe ziyagcinwa.Amacaphuna
- "Ukuqapha kuyisimenywa esiyisimangalo, esizohlangana kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni wanamuhla, ngoba namhlanje ulwazi lwayo yonke into futhi konke kutholakala ngokushesha okukhulu futhi okushibhile ukuthi isikhathi esilandelayo leso sikhathi esilandelayo siyashesha futhi sikhohliwe."
- "Kungani sizwakala sihle? Ngoba sincane futhi sifisa ukunqoba ubungako bethu. "
- "Yonke imibuzo injabulo, yonke impendulo ilahlekile."
- "UNietzsche enye intuthuko" ngesimo sanamuhla "futhi wakwazi ukumbona - ngoba wayejabule ngokuthile."
- "Ukwehluleka akusuki. Ukwehluleka kuyapha. Unikeza amandla angavunyelwanga wokulula. "
I-Bibliography
- 1921 - "Ukuhunyushwa kwe-Aristotle"
- Ngo-1927 - "UGenesise Nesikhathi"
- Ngo-1927 - "Izinkinga Eziyinhloko Ze-Phenomenology"
- Ngo-1929 - "Kant kanye nenkinga ye-metaphysics"
- Ngo-1929 - "Imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-Metaphysics"
- 1935 - "Umthombo Wokudalwa Kwezobuciko"
- 1935 - "Hegel"
- Ngo-1936 - "Kuchaza ku-Helderlin Poetry"
- Ngo-1936 - Nietzsche nezethu
- 1952 - "Yini ebizwa ngokuthi ukucabanga?"