I-Biograge
UNowah Khomsky waziwa njenge-linguist kuphela, kodwa futhi njengomgxeki ophikisana nenqubomgomo kahulumeni kahulumeni wase-US. Emhlabeni wesayensi, ukuhlukaniswa kwezilimi ezisemthethweni ezenzelwe ososayensi bezithandwa. Imisebenzi yomcwaningi, imibono esemqoka yaba yisisekelo sokuthuthuka kokukhulisa kanye ne-psycholinguistics.Ubuntwana nentsha
Isazi sefilosofi sazalwa ngoDisemba 7, 1928 ePhiladelphia emndenini wamaJuda. Abazali bavele kule ndimi yoMbuso WaseRussia, futhi ngemuva kokufudukela eMelika. Bobabili babengabathwali be-Yiddish, nokho, ngokuxhumana komndeni, lolu limi alusetshenziswanga. Ubaba wayezibandakanye nezilimi, efundiswe eyunivesithi.
Ebusheni bakhe, le nsizwa yangena e-University of Pennsylvania, lapho yafunda khona izilimi nefilosofi. Ngalesi sikhathi, uProfesa uZellig Harris wathonya ukwakheka kokubukwa kwesayensi, kwezepolitiki kanye ne-anarchist yensizwa ethile. Njengoba sengithole imfundo egqamile, uNowa wayefuna ukuzinikezela kwisayensi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ku-biography yomcwaningi ingabizwa ngokuthi izolile futhi ivumelane. Ngo-1947, le nsizwa yaba nenoveli noCarol Chaz, umngani wakhe wobuntwana. Ngo-1949, abathandi badlale umshado. Izingane ezintathu zazalwa emshadweni. Abalingani baphila ngokungasekeli ekufeni kowesifazane ngo-2008. Umlando wagcina isithombe somndeni ojabulayo.Ekuqaleni kwama-50s, usosayensi nomkakhe bahamba bayohlala eKibbutz - iqembu lezolimo elitholakala kwa-Israyeli. Kulo mphakathi, umphakathi wempahla kanye nokulingana ekusebenzeni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi kwathuthukiswa. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lo mbhangqwana ubuyela ezifundeni, ngoba imibono yezomqondo neyamazwelonke ibuse eKibbutz yacindezelwa.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Ngo-1955, uHowsky wavikela i-dissertation yakhe yobudokotela, ngesisekelo sawo kamuva eyadala incwadi ethi "Syntactic Izakhiwo". Kulomsebenzi, enyatheliswa ngo-1957, umlobi, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, wenza izinguquko zangempela ezilimini. Idalwe yindoda yemfundiso yokwakheka kolimi (i-Generalititism) yayinomthelela ngisho nasezinkombeni zesayensi yolimi engazange yamukele umbono wesayensi.
Umnyombo wokuvivinya umzimba wawuhlaziya ukuguqulwa kanye nemithetho yesakhiwo. UNom waphawula ukuthi ukuba neqoqo lemithetho yolimi, abantu bangadala inani elingenamkhawulo leziphakamiso. Indlela yokwakha izinkulumo zolimi iyingxenye yekhodi yofuzo. Izihloko ezijatshulelwa ngolimi aziboni ukuthi izimiso zezakhiwo zisetshenziswa ekukhulumeni nasekubhaleni, kanye nezici zazo zokuqonda.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbono wahambisana nezinye izinto. IHhomsky iveze ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane zezinye izilimi, ngekhanda amayunithi we-lexical (amagama) ne-morpheme kuyadingeka. Imibono yoMcwaningi, ivezwe emcabangweni, yaba nomthelela ophekwini wesayensi, ukutadisha izinqubo zolwazi zicubungula ubuchopho.
Incwadi kaNoama "Indoda ekhuluma inikelwe enkingeni efanayo. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nolimi. " Ukuhlola izingqinamba zolimi, umbhali ukhuluma ngendlela umuntu afunda ngayo ukukhuluma ngayo, njengoba ekhuthazekile futhi ecabanga, mayelana nekhono lokuthola kalula inkulumo yawo yendabuko, kodwa neze atadisha kwangaphandle nangomunye. Lo msebenzi we-linguist wenziwe ngokubambisana noRobert Berwik, wahlanganyela entuthukweni emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokufakelwa.
Study Psychology Qunititive Psychology, iHomsky yabhala umsebenzi "izikhali ezithulile zezimpi ezolile", lapho izimiso zethonya ekuqapheleni komuntu phakathi kwabezindaba. Kamuva ngesisekelo salolu cwaningo, indoda yadala i-athikili "Izindlela eziyi-10". Kuyo, umbhali wabala izindlela ezinjalo zomthelela wombuso ekuziphatheni kwabantu njengokuphazamiseka, ukubambezela ukusebenza nabanye.
Lo msebenzi wasondelana nesihloko kanye nencwadi ethi "Ukukhiqizwa KweConcord". Kuyo, uNowamu, kanye no-Edward Herman, wethule umbono obizwa ngokuthi "imodeli yenkulumo-ze". Ngokwemibono yabacwaningi, abezindaba bangamabhizinisi ababandakanyeka ekuthengiseni izimpahla. Kulesi simo kuphela akuzona izindaba, kepha izilaleli. Izimpahla zidluliselwa kwamanye amabhizinisi - abakhangisi besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa.
Emsebenzini wezesayensi wentatheli, umsebenzi wawungumsebenzi "obusa umhlaba?". Ukuphikisana ngomyalo womhlaba ngekhulu le-XXI, uHowsky wabhala ngalabo ababizwa ngokuthi ababusi bekhulu leminyaka, bahlaziya ukuthi umthelela wawo ngekusasa lesintu uzoba yini. Maphakathi nomsebenzi - isihloko saseMelika, isethulo sezwe njengomuntu ophakeme, ovumela ukwehluleka ohlelweni. Iphinde ibhekisela kubaphikisi bangaphandle nabangaphakathi nabangane bezifundazwe.
Ukucabangisisa ngalokho abantu abakulindele esikhathini esizayo, umbhali uchazwe encwadini ethi "Isimo Sekusasa". Okwezabasebenzi, usosayensi wabheka iqhaza lesifundazwe kusukela endabeni eya ngekhulu le-XXI, izinkondlo ezitholakele eziphindaphindwayo ezingeke zinikeze intuthuko emphakathini. Isimo sohlobo olusha, ngokusho kweHowsky, luzohlotshaniswa nokubeletha.
Emsebenzini wokuthi umhlaba uhlelelela kanjani umhlaba "u-Noam wahlela kanjani izinkinga zenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe neyekhaya le-United States, kanye nemisebenzi yezinkampani ezabamba umnotho wezwe. U-Publist waphawula ukuthi ngemuva kokuwa kodonga lwe-berlin kanye nokuwa kwe-USSR, izifundazwe zaqala ukufuna amathuba amasha okukhulisa ama-sheres wethonya. Ngo-2015, amaSilimi asebenza njengendima entsha yakhe - ebekwe enhlosweni ye-Film-inhlolokhono "afune isicelo ephusheni laseMelika".
Umqondisi emithathu ebambe iqhaza esithombeni esithombeni, kanti itheyiphu yenzelwe iminyaka emine. Le phrojekthi isuselwa ekubukeni koMphakathi koMphakathi kudivayisi yomphakathi namathemba ayo. NgoMeyi 2019, iHowtsk ivele ekudlulisweni kweVladimir Posner. Izihloko eziphambili zokukhishwa kwentando yeningi nenkululeko yokukhuluma, usongo, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa nokunye.
UNom Khomsky manje
Ngo-2020, umhlaba wawumboza ubhubhane lokutheleleka nge-coronavirus. Usosayensi oneminyaka engu-91 ubudala, ekuzifakazelweni e-Arizona, wanikeza inhlolokhono lapho akhomba khona izingozi ezimbili zomhlaba wonke zesintu - usongo lwempikiswano yenuzi kanye nokushisa komhlaba. Ngokusho kolimi, manje manje yi-Covion-19 yinto yesikhashana, lapho ongalwa khona, kanye nezinkinga ezimbili eziqanjwe yizo - akunakwenzeka.Amacaphuna
- "Ukufunda akulula ukuguqula amakhasi. Lokhu kucabanga ngokubhaliwe, okumakwe emasimini, ukuqhathanisa kwengqondo nezinye izincwadi, sesha imibono emisha noma izithombe. "
- "Ngeshwa, kunesigaba esisodwa kuphela sezinto zokunethezeka ezingenziwa ku-infinity, ukufihla ngokuphelele nokugqoka, futhi ngaphandle kwemikhawulo efanelekile noma imingcele efanelekile. Sonke siyakwazi ukuthi kuyini lesigaba: Ukukhiqizwa Kwezempi. "
- "Noma yiliphi iqhinga lezepolitiki linempilo yonke. Okwesikhashana kuhlala kusebenza ngempumelelo, bese imiphumela iqala ukuwohloka. "
- "Kufanele uqonde ukuthi noma yimuphi umyalezo ovela kubuhlakani obungabizi noma umthombo wezombusazwe uhloselwe ukukholelwa abantu kuwo. Umyalezo onjalo ungaba neqiniso, futhi futhi ungaba ngamanga. "Kuzoba kanjani esikushoyo!"
- "Akukho phuzu lapho ufinyelela kwimininingwane enkulu uma ungakwazi ukubhekana nabo. Futhi lokhu kudingeka ucabange, ukubonisana, ukutadisha. "
I-Bibliography
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- Ngo-1966 - "Izilimi zeDescartes"
- 1969 - "Amandla aseMelika namaMandarins amasha"
- 1971 - "Inkinga yolwazi nenkululeko"
- 1980 - "Imithetho Nezethulo"
- 1986 - "Ulwazi nolimi"
- 1988 - "Ulimi nezepolitiki"
- 1988 - "Ukukhiqizwa kwemvume. Imidiya Eningi Yezepolitiki "
- Ngo-1989 - "Izikhonkwane ezidingekayo: lawula umcabango emiphakathini yentando yeningi"
- 1992 - "Ukubamba Intando yeningi"
- 1994 - "Ulimi Nokucatshangwa"
- 1955 - "Uhlelo Lwamalimist"
- 1996 - "Impi Yasekilasi: Ingxoxo noDavid Barzymena"
- Ngo-1999 - "Ubuntu obusha bezempi: Izifundo zikaKosovo"
- 1999 - "Inzuzo kubantu. I-Nonoliberalism kanye ne-Order Order "
- Ngo-2003 - "Hegemony noma umzabalazo wokusinda: isifiso se-United States siye ekubuseni komhlaba"