I-Biograge
UFrederick Taylor unjiniyela owenziwe ngoMeyili ovela e-United States osebenze ngokwanda kokusebenza kahle emkhakheni wezimboni. Umlobi wencwadi ethi "Izimiso Zokuphathwa Kwezesayensi" wema emgaqweni wokuncika kokuncika. Wasebenzisa amasu wokuphatha amasha adlale indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uTaylor wahlanganyela entuthukweni yobunjiniyela futhi waba ngumnikazi wamalungelo obunikazi ambalwa.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFrederick Winslow Taylor wazalwa ngoMashi 20, 1856 edolobheni laseJermantown, elisePhiladelphia. Umndeni wakhe wawuvikelekile, ngakho-ke ingane yachitha umfana ekhejini elihlomile. Ubaba wasebenza njengommeli futhi wenza umbuso waba mboleko, futhi umama wakuvumela ukuqedwa kobugqila. Njengoba usuthole imfundo yasekhaya, iminyaka emibili yafundwa eJalimane naseFrance, wabe esehamba ngomunye unyaka nohhafu weYurophu.
Ngo-1872, waba ngumfundi we-Academy of Phillips e-Exeter wahlela ukwamukelwa okwalandela eHarvard kanye nomsebenzi osemthethweni. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, le nsizwa yangena kule nyuvesi, kepha izinkinga zempilo zaphoqeleka ukuthi zivuselele izinto eziza kuqala.
UTaylor waba umfundi ongumklami wemfashini nomshayeli futhi wathola umsebenzi emisebenzini ye-Enterpruvic Hydraulic, ekhiqiza amaphampu. Umfana akazange adida ukuthi imvelaphi yawo ayihambelani nensimu yomsebenzi. Kakade ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, unjiniyela othembisayo wamelela abakhiqizi bemishini yesiNgisi embukisweni osemqoka ePhiladelphia.
Ngo-1878, uFrederick wangena ezibabelelweni eMidway Steel Mill. Uchwepheshe wakhuphuka ngokushesha isitebhisi somsebenzi futhi wahlanganisa nokuthunyelwe kwe-Master of the Mechanical Workshop kanye nonjiniyela ophambili bebhizinisi. Lokhu kubangelwa amathalenta enqubo encane kanye neqiniso lokuthi udadewabo kaTaylor wayengunkosikazi womnikazi wezomsebenzi. Ngo-1883, wafunda eMnyangweni Wezobuchwepheshe weStevens, unjiniyela wathola iziqu kwezobunjiniyela.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
NgoMeyi 3, 1884, uFrederick Taylor wayeshade noLouise Spoon, intombazane evela ePhiladelphia. Impilo yomuntu siqu yalombhangqwana iye yathuthuka ngempumelelo. Umlingani wabeletha unjiniyela indodakazi, eyayihlaselwa ngu-Elizabethe.Umsebenzi wesayensi
Ukuqala ukusebenza eMidwale, i-toror bekuqonda ukuthi ukusebenza kwabasebenzi efektri akukuhle kangako, njengoba kungaba njalo, futhi izindleko zezinsiza zabasebenzi ziphezulu kakhulu. Njengoba usuthole okuthunyelwe nguBrigadier, uFrederick waqala ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwabasebenzi, engakhohlwa ingxenye yabantu.
Kusukela ngo-1890 iminyaka emithathu, wakhonza njengeMenenja Jikelele kanye nomeluleki wobunjiniyela ekwenziweni kwenkampani yokutshala imali yePhiladelphia. UFrederick Taylor wayebuye abe ngumqondisi wesitshalo sephepha eMaine, kwathi ngo-1893 waqala umkhuba wokubonisana ePhiladelphia. Ukubonisana okuqala ukunikeza uchwepheshe, uvunyelwe ukwenza umbono woMlobi wokuphatha kalula.
Ngo-1898, uTaylor wamenyelwa eBhetlehema insimbi ukubhekana nokusebenza kwemishini ebizayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ngenxa yokungaboni ngaso linye nozakwabo, unjiniyela washiya ibhizinisi. Ngo-1906, i-University of Pennsylvania yabela umphathi wesayensi, futhi ngokushesha uFrederick waba nguprofesa wesikole sebhizinisi eDartmouth College.
Kusukela ngo-1906 kuya ku-1907, iMelika yayingumongameli we-American Society of Asme Mechanical Onjiniyela, lapho azama khona ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha. Ukumelana nama-subrordinates kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlela kabusha umnyango wokushicilela kuphela.
Ngalesi sikhathi, unjiniyela usethole uMbuso, ngakho-ke wavuma ukubopha i-biography hhayi umsebenzi efektri, kodwa ngokukhuthaza umbono wakhe. Icala elithi "Izinga le-Eastrn--lenze izindlela zesayensi zeTaylor zibe nokuthula okudumile. Ngesikhathi secala, ujantshi ophethwe yimithetho yokuphathwa kwesayensi awudingi izindleko ezingezekile.
Ngo-1911, i-theorist yashicilela "izimiso ze-monograph" zokuphathwa kwesayensi ". Ubuye wahlanganisa nezindatshana eziningana ze-copyright embhalweni wesandla wokuthi asme wethule ukushicilelwa. IKhomishini ebizwa ngokukhethekile yajwayelana nemibhalo futhi yabhekisela ehhovisi lokuhlela lomshini wamamishini waseMelika. Umhleli we-Edition of Leon Prett Fred Elford, umphikisi we-taylorism, wenqabile ukuphrinta. UFrederick washicilela umsebenzi ngokuzimela.
Ngemuva kokuba ngumbhali womqondo wokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamabhizinisi, uTaylor wenza umnikelo kwabaphathi, ababekwazisa abalandeli bakhe. Umlobi wabaphathi beSayensi usungule uhlelo olusiza izinkulungwane zabantu ukuba zithuthukise inhlala-kahle futhi ziphakamise izinga lokuphila kwabasebenzi. Unjiniyela waba ngowokuqala owanquma ukuhlaziya umsebenzi, ukumbona ngokuhlelekile nokutadisha.
Uthembise esikhundleni se-Empiririca emsebenzini wocwaningo lwesayensi lwemisebenzi esethiwe, enconyelwe ukukhetha ngokucophelela, ukufundisa nokuthuthukisa abasebenzi, hhayi ukwethemba imfundo. Le ndoda yakubheka ngokuningiliziwe ukuchaza umsebenzi womsebenzi futhi ayilandele. AbaseMelika baphinde bakhuluma ngokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi phakathi kwabaphathi nabasebenzi, betusa okokuqala ukufaka izindlela zesayensi, kanti owesibili ukwenza imisebenzi ngqo.
UFrederick Taylor wacela ukwethula ukwenziwa kwezinto ezejwayelekile futhi asebenzise ithuluzi elihamba phambili labasebenzi, ahlele izimo zokusebenza okunethezekile kanye nokubambisana ekukhiqizweni. Umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kubeka kubaphathi - ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ngokuqinile. Abaphathi kufanele bakhethe abasebenzi ngomsebenzi ngamunye, ukuze basebenze ngokuningiliziwe uhlelo lwesenzo futhi badlulise kubasebenzi.
Ukuqanjwa kabusha bekungazithandi izisebenzi ezisetshenzisiwe, ezibhikishe ngokumelene nezindlela zikaTaylor. I-theorist ibikholelwa ukuthi zonke izisebenzi zifanelwe ukuqasha, futhi amaholo kufanele ahambisane nokusebenza.
Abasebenzi benkampani yakhe bathola okungaphezu kokusebenza kweNkampani ngendlela yokuphatha elondolozekile. Ngakho-ke, isikole senhlangano yesayensi sabonakala singabonakali phakathi kwabaholi befektri, lapho ingxenye yokuphatha isebenza khona ngakudala. Umkhankaso othi "Ukwedelela Kwendawo Yonke" Abaholi bezinyunyana zabasebenzi babeka ingcindezi kunjiniyela. Ama-Capitals awathandanga ukuthi umphathi uhlongoza ukunikeza iningi lemali engenayo yabasebenzi bamabhizinisi.
Ukushona
Umsunguli wemodeli entsha yokuphatha amabhizinisi wafa ngoMashi 21, 1915. Imbangela yokufa yayingukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Ithuna likaFredcelika Taylor litholakala eBala-Svida, ePennsylvania. Esitsheni sesikhumbuzo "kungumbhalo" wokuphathwa kwesayensi "wesayensi".Amacaphuna
- "Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuphathwa kwamabhizinisi kufanele uqinisekise inzuzo enkulu yosomabhizinisi, ngokubambisana nenhlala-kahle ephezulu kuwo wonke umuntu omatasa ebhizinisini lesisebenzi."
- "Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, sithumele ubuhlakani emgqeni, futhi inani lamahora okusebenza laphoqelelwa inyumbazane incishiswe eglabeni laya kumahora ayi-10, 9.5.9 no-8.5 (ngenkathi begcina izinga eliqhubekayo lekhambi). Futhi ngokuncishiswa okusha ngakunye osukwini lokusebenza, ukukhiqizwa kwanda, esikhundleni sokuncipha. "
- "Kufanele futhi ukhohlwe ukuthi ekhanda lehhovisi kufanele libe ngumqondisi onethemba, elinqumayo futhi elizikhandlayo owaziyo ukulinda ngesineke okufanayo."
- "Sonke singabantwana abadala."
I-Bibliography
- 1903 - "Ukuphathwa Kwefektri"
- 1911 - "Izimiso Zokuphathwa Kwezesayensi"