I-Biograge
I-Auguste aroud kusukela ebuntwaneni ikhombise amakhono obuhlakani obunjalo, amvumela ukuba abe yisazi sefilosofi esidumile, isazi sezenhlalo nokhokho wePositivism. Ngisho nangemva kokufa, inkumbulo yayo iyasebenza, ingafi kahle izingcaphuno.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ikomidi lika-Auguste lazalwa ngoJanuwari 19, 1798 edolobheni laseFrance laseMontpellier. Wakhulela emndenini womqoqi wezihlungi kanye noMfoweth 'u-Adolf noDade Alix. Umfana uthole imfundo yasekhaya, ngemuva kwalokho wangena eLyceum, lapho akhombisa khona ithalente lokutadisha izibalo.
E-16, le nsizwa yaba ngumfundi wesikole se-polytechnic futhi yakwazi ukufunda kososayensi abavelele ngaleso sikhathi. Isimo esivamile sanqoba kalula igunya kwabanye abafundi abancome umuzwa wakhe wokuhlekisa, izimfanelo zobuholi namakhono engqondo.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokubukwa kweRepublican, umfana waxoshwa ezweni lakubo. Lapho egcizelela kubazali, waya eParis, lapho athola khona impilo yezifundo zeMathematics. Njengoba i-aurusus yayazi kahle, waqala ukuhumusha ngokufana, ngenxa yalokho wahlangana naye uHenri Saint-USimon.
Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, umfana wasebenza njengonobhala wefilosofi, wasiza ekubhaleni ingxenye yokuqala yekhathekizimu yezezimboni. Kepha ukubambisana kwazo kwaphela ngengxabano ngenxa yokungadingekile kwelungelo lelungelo, elingafuni ukwamukela iphuzu lokubukwa komeluleki. Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Auguste waya ebhukuda ekhululekile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni bakhe, usosayensi waba nempilo yomuntu siqu egcwele. Le ntokazi eshadile kaPaulina yaba uthando lokuqala olukhulu luka-Auguste, owayemdala. Umphumela walokhu kuhlangana okunesibindi kwakuwukuzalwa kwendodakazi uLouise, kodwa, ngokuba buhlungu, washona eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, okwakungukuvunguza endodeni.Induna elandelayo yomqaphi yaba uCarolina Maskena, empeleni akazange aphendule eTestamenteni. Bashade ngo-1825, ngemuva kwalokho ubuhlobo babuhlungu ngenxa yobunzima bezezimali nomhawu we-Cont. Noma kunjalo, abahlukanisanga futhi bahlala ngokuhlukana nabalingani, bengahlali no-1842.
Ngemuva kwenye ingxabano noCarolina, umcabangi wajwayelana noClotilda de kulokhu axhasa ubudlelwano be-petonic. Ngemuva konyaka, washona ngenxa yesifo sofuba, ngenxa yalokho indoda yaba umzazi futhi yabonisa isithakazelo kwezenkolo nakumfihlakalo, okuzwakala kule ndalo yokugcina.
Imisebenzi yesayensi nobuciko
Ngemuva kokushiya uSanta-Simon, u-Auguste waqhubeka nokuxhumana nabafundi bakhe, wabhala izindatshana zomphakathi wazo wesayensi. Ngaleso sikhathi, umcabangi wakhula wajuliswa yifilosofi enhle, umsunguli wawo obhekwayo.
Kusukela ngo-1826, indoda ethile yakhuluma nezinkulumo ezazichitha efulethini yayo, kodwa ngenxa yokungehliswa kwengqondo kwadingeka ukuthi iphazamise. Usosayensi wazama ukuzibulala futhi wamisa umkakhe echibini, ngakho wabekwa emtholampilo wezengqondo, wabe esethumela ekhaya lokwelashwa.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ukuqunjelwa kubuya, futhi kuqhubekela phambili nokuphuma kuqhubeke nokukhuluma nezinkulumo. Wayeyintatheli ethandwayo futhi wabhala amaphephandaba endawo, ngokufana ngokuhambisana nengxenye yokuqala ye- "Callof yefilosofi evumayo", ngenxa yesakhiwo sakhe esidumile.
Emhlanganweni wamavolumu ayisithupha, usosayensi wachaza imibono esemqoka ephathelene nefilosofi. Uhlongoze ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi ngokulandelana kokucaciswa kobunzima nokucaciswa, futhi kwaqhamuka nemodeli yenkundla yomphakathi. Ngokwesitatimende sika-Auguste, phakathi nokuba khona, ubuntu badlula izigaba ezi-3 - imfundiso yezenkolo, ne-metaphysical and politive.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubusa ulwazi oluyimfihlakalo nolwenkolo. Esigabeni sesibili, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kukhokhelwa iziphetho, ngaphezu kwalokho, imibono yezenhlalo nentando yeningi isatshalaliswa. Isigaba esiphakeme kakhulu sikhonjwa ngokuchuma kolwazi lwesayensi kanye nokuvela kokuqondisa kwezenhlalo.
Qondisa ukwenza umnikelo obalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesayensi emphakathini. Wabelwe ku-Dynamics kanye nezimo, lapho okokuqala kubonisa inqubo yokuthuthuka kwezenhlalo, kanti okwesibili yimibandela edingekayo ebukhona bomphakathi obuzinzile.
Ngemuva kwencwadi, le ndoda yasebenza esikoleni sasePolytechnic lapho impilo yakhe yayixhunyaniswe khona ngokungafanele. Ubengumfundisi osizayo nomhloli, ngenkathi eneminyaka engu-1838 engakwazanga ukuba ngumeluleki ogcwele ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, usosayensi ubuye wafunda izinkulumo ngesayensi yezinkanyezi, eyayiqinisekisa imali ezinzile.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinguquko esikhungweni sezemfundo, waphoqeleka ukuba afune ukwesekwa kwezezimali kubangani. UJohn Stewart Mill weza ezokusindisa, owathola abaxhasi befilosofi, kodwa kamuva badilika futhi bayeka ukuxhumana.
Umhlangano wesibili wezincwadi zombhali "ohlelweni lwezombusazwe oluhle" uphinde waphinda waphinda wayibhalela i-bibliography ngemuva kokushona kukaClotilda, okwenza kuhluke ngesitayela nangesimo sesethulo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, igama elithi "ukufoneka" okukhulunywa ngalo, okuthi "Phila kwabanye".
Ukushona
Isazi sefilosofi safa ngoSepthemba 5, 1857, imbangela yokufa yayibuthakathaka impilo. Ithuna lika-Auguste lisendaweni yamathuna yakwaLashez. Izithombe zomzimba womhloli azigciniwe, kepha imidwebo iyakhunjuzwa ngaye.Amacaphuna
- "Umthetho ofile uyaphila."
- "Ubungani obuqotho nobuqotho bungumuntu okhona nowesifazane, ngoba ukuphela kokunamathiselwe, okungekho kunoma yikuphi ukuncintisana."
- "Inganekwane yafa kanye nentuthuko yesayensi."
- "Ukugula kwethu okuyingozi kakhulu ukungqubuzana okujulile kwezingqondo eziphathelene nayo yonke imithetho eyisisekelo, ukungagugi kwayo kuyisimo sokuqala sokwenza i-True Social Order."
I-Bibliography
- I-1830-1842 - "Inkambo yefilosofi evumayo"
- Ngo-1843 - "I-Elementary Servise ku-geometry yokuhlaziya"
- Ngo-1845 - "I-Philosophical Phoresise ku-Astronomy Yezinkanyezi Ezidumile"
- Ngo-1852 - "Positivist Catechism"
- Ngo-1854 - "Uhlelo lwenqubomgomo enhle, noma inqubo yezenhlalo yezenhlalo, ukusungula inkolo yesintu"
- Ngo-1856 - "Ukuhlanganiswa okukhohlisayo"