I-Biograge
Isazi sezengqondo kanye nezengqondo uGeorge Elton Mao wayengumcwaningi wezinhlangano ezikhiqizwayo, uMdali wesikole sobudlelwano babantu kanye nezimfundiso eziningi zokuguqula. Usosayensi wase-Australia ujwayele ukucubungula amaqiniso adidayo emphakathini, azame ukuza ezimpandeni ezinamathuba amaningi namathuba.Ubuntwana nentsha
UGeorge Elton Mao's Biogray waqala edolobheni lase-Adelaide, wayengumntwana owayemdala kakhulu emndenini ohlakaniphile. Phakathi kwamadlozi omfana ezalwe ngoDisemba 1880, kwakukhona amadoda athola isimo sokwenza odokotela engcupheni.
Ubaba wososayensi wesikhathi esizayo washintsha ubungcweti obuningi bezobuchwepheshe - waqala wasebenza njengekhabethe, wabe esehlala esimisweni. Ukufaneleka konjiniyela wokwakha, okutholwe ebudaleni, kwavumela umndeni ukuba uhlale ekhaya lakhe, ungazazi izinkinga nobunzima.
Umama uMenrietta, uMary Donaldon wabandakanyeka ekuphathweni komnotho, walandela ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu zezingane ezincane. Owesifazane wabhala omagazini mayelana nokukhuliswa kwabafana namantombazane, wamukela okuhlangenwe nakho kwababhali bezindatshana ezihamba ngezinyawo.
Ukunakekela isizukulwane esincanyana kwaletha imiphumela emihle: udadewabo wesazi sezenhlalo waba udokotela, futhi uMfoweth 'uJuda ophakeme. UGeorge Elton engxoxweni nezintatheli wathi wayethanda abazali bakhe futhi enezizathu zokuziqhenya ngomndeni onobungane obugcwele.
Ebuntweni, ngaphansi kwethonya likagogo, owafunda umuthi e-UK, udadewabo kadadewethu waba nesithakazelo e-chemistry kanye ne-anatomy yabantu. ERoyal College of Adelaide kanye nesikole sase-Anglican Boarding, wahlangana nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo ocwaningweni lwabafundisi abanolwazi.
Okhokho babenethemba lokuthi uMao uzothola idiploma yeNyuvesi yasendaweni, kodwa le nsizwa yakhetha ukuzimela futhi yashiya indlu yabazali. Wafunda e-radiologists kanye nodokotela abahlinzayo esikhungweni esikhethekile e-Edinburgh, wabe esethuthela eLondon ukwakha amacebo ngekusasa.
Eminyakeni yama-20, uGeorge Elton wabona ukuthi akafuni ukwenza i-strajork, futhi waya entshonalanga ne-Afrika ephelezelwa ngabangane. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 ensimini yamazwe asekuqaleni, le nsizwa yachaza okuvelayo kwezindatshana eziningi zobuntatheli.
Imali ekhokhwayo kanye nabagxeki bempendulo enhle babopha isihambi e-UK, wafundisa isiNgisi ekolishi labasebenzi nabesilisa. Ekuqaleni nje kwase-1905, uMao wabuyela ezweni lakubo, echaza isixazululo esinjalo sezizathu eziningi zenhloso.
E-Adelaide, waba ngumlingani enkampanini ephumelelayo yokuphrinta, kepha lokhu akwanele engqondweni efuna ukwazi. Isithwali sesibongo esihlakaniphile sajoyina umphakathi wabafundi baseNyuvesi, ababeziqhenya ngezwe ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngaphansi kokuqala kukaSir William Mitchell George Elton wafunda i-psychology, udokotela we-anthropologist uBronislav Malinovsky wayephakathi kwabangane bakhe abaseduze. Ngokubambisana, abantu abasha babeganwe ngocwaningo lwesayensi lokuhlola oluphathelene nokuguqulwa komphakathi kwabantu abalwa izimpi.
Eminye yemisebenzi yendabuko ye-adelaide yanikezwa umklomelo weRoby Fletcher, lokhu kuvunyelwe ukuba yi-bachelor ne-master of sciences psychological. Isimo esisha sanikeza amathuba okuqala umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe kanye nozakwabo ukubheka izehlakalo ezenzeke eduze.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kwaziwa kancane ngempilo yomuntu siqu ye-Australia Scientist Society, intombazane emndenini ophumelelayo yaba ngumfazi kuphela ebusheni bakhe. UDorothea wayehlobene nodokotela we-anthropologist kanye ne-ethnomstaper ursula macconel, owayesebenza ePeninsula yaseQueensland nabantu abangafundile.Umdabu wasedolobheni lasemakhaya akwaCreser akazange ahlanganyele ezifundweni zomyeni wakhe, wahola abendlu futhi waphakamisa amadodakazi akhe. Empilweni yombhangqwana owayengakhethi amashumishumi eminyaka, ngokusho kwabajwayelene, kwakunezinsuku eziningi ezijabulisayo ezingenamafu.
Indlalifa yezazi zesayensi yezenhlalo, ithathiwe, yathola imfundo egqamile yemfundo, uPatricia Mao ebudaleni waqhubeka nebhizinisi likayise. Waba ngumbhali walolu cwaningo ebizwa ngokuthi ukwenziwa kwesigebengu, lapho kuchazwa khona inqubo yokuguqula umuntu ongumqambimanga omubi ozizayo.
Ingane yesibili kaGeorge Elton yakhetha umsebenzi wokudala. IGael ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym ruth mao idale imidwebo emihle. Ngokufana, le ntombazane yathuthukiswa ekuhlolweni emkhakheni wezincwadi, kepha izincwadi zazingathandwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Umsebenzi wesayensi we-Australia waqala ngaphansi kwethonya lososayensi oningana, wafunda izincwadi ze-Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, eshicilelwe ngawo-1930s. Ukwemukelwa kwezindlela zomcwaningi ezalwe e-Austria kwavumela uMao ukuthi ahlanganise nemibuthano yamasiko athuthukile.
Ezweni lasekhaya, umbono kaGeorge Elton ekuqaleni wayengathandwa, futhi wathuthela eMelika - izwe labantu abazimele. Efektri yezindwangu eFiladelphia, iziqu e-University of Adelaide zathola umhlabathi wokuqaliswa kwemibono yangempela.
Umthelela ekwakhiweni kwabaphathi bezenhlalo kwaba ukubonwa okubhaliwe kokuphindaphindwa komsebenzi kumhlangano wokujikeleza, okugcwele abantu abahlukahlukene. Ngokuzibandakanya kweFritz RotLisberger, kwavela isikole sobudlelwano babantu, kukhululwe inqwaba yezindatshana zesayensi ezithuthukile ngokubambisana.
Ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi yiHotornan kweHotornan okwenziwe ngamadoda efektri etholakala edolobheni laseCicero etholwe udumo olubanzi. Wonke umuntu owajwayelana nemisebenzi yezazi zezengqondo nezazi zenhlalo kwasendulo, wamangala kakhulu.
UMao wafuna ukukhulisa ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi ngokushintsha isikhathi sokuphazamiseka kanye nogqozi owengeziwe wabantu. Izifundo zinake iphiramidi yezidingo, ezakhiwe yi-Abrahama Amafutha, kanye nemibono eminingana esekwe kosayensi echazwe ezincwadini.
I-Australia nabasebenza nabo bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ivolumu yemikhiqizo incike kumamodeli wezenhlalo ahlelekile asetshenziswa ngabasebenzi bama-workshop. Izici zezinqubo zezobuchwepheshe zazona ngenxa yengqondo yezimomo, izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemibuthano.
Imfundiso yobudlelwano babantu phakathi kobuholi kanye nokungaphansi kwentshisekelo kaMariya Parker Falllet, efakwe ekuhlolweni okungajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, izimpumelelo zabaphenyi emkhakheni wezenhlalo yezokuphatha ngemuva kwalokho zigxekwa ngokujwayelekile kwemiphumela nasezindaweni zokuqukethwe okukhona.
Umhlaba wawubheka imibono yemalimboleko kaGeorge Elton futhi ukhawulelwe, kepha lokhu akuzange kuthinte amavolumu okukhishwe futhi kwaqaliswa izincwadi. Abafundi abakhuthaze emaphandleni amasha okusaphasa kwethiyori, bakhanga imvelaphi yendlela futhi elula ukubona ulimi.
Ukushona
Izimo kanye nezimbangela zokufa kwezazi zesayensi yezenhlalo uGeorge Elton Mao azizange zimbozwe kwabezindaba zabantu abahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwekwindla yango-1949 edolobheni laseBrithani, lapho usosayensi wasebenza khona isikhathi eside.