UPeter Drucker - Photo, Biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, ukuphathwa kwenhlangano

I-Biograge

UPeter Drucker ungumsunguli wabaphathi wanamuhla. Kukholakala ukuthi leli yisayensi enembile, efana neMathematics, lilinganiselwe yimithetho kanye nokuthumela, ukwephula ukuthi yini ngokwengxenye. I-Economist okokuqala yabona ukuthi ngamunye wayithatha ngokwahlukana ethatha inkampani iyisitho esiphilayo, futhi kuyadingeka ukukhetha ama-algorithms okulawula ngakho. Kuze kube namuhla, usosayensi uthathwa njengomunye wabacwaningi abadumile nabanomthelela omkhulu wokucwaninga kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha.

Ubuntwana nentsha

UPeter Ferdinand Drucker wazalwa ngoNovemba 19, ngo-1909 eVienna, esinye sezihloko zase-Austria-Hungary, emkhayeni ovikelekile wesifundazwe esisezingeni eliphezulu sika-Adolf Drubera kanye noMethisha, uCaroline Bondie Home Woven.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Imfundo yama-theoretics yabaphathi baqala ngokudlela kwakusihlwa. Kathathu ngesonto, izikhulu, abameli, odokotela, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, ososayensi kanye nezazi zefilosofi zahlala endlini yabazali bakhe. Baxoxa ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene - kusuka kwezomnotho kuya ku-psychoanalysis. Iminyango imihlangano ewusizo kaPeter yaqhubeka ivulekile.

"Kwakuyimfundo yami," wabhala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kudayari yakhe.

Phakathi kwezivakashi ezihlala njalo kwakungu-Josef Schumpeter, uFriedrich von Hayek kanye noLudwig von musis, abezombusazwe base-Tomonash noJan Masarik, abaguquli bezenhlalo, u-Herman no-Eugene Schwarzvald. Kungumbono wabo wokuthi abantu abasha bajula engqondweni, imiqondo yabo yakhiwa emibonweni yabo eyinhloko.

Ngemuva kokuphela kwendawo yokuzivocavoca ebonakalayo ngo-1927, uDkt., Yehluleka ukuthola umsebenzi ohlukunyeziwe ngemuva kwempi yezwe yokuqala, wathuthela eJalimane. Usebenze njengentatheli eHamburg naseFrankfurt. Futhi ngo-1931, wathola esinye seziqu eziyishumi - iziqu zobudokotela emkhakheni womthetho wamazwe omhlaba kanye nomphakathi eNyuvesi yaseFrankfurt. UJohanna Wolfgang von Goethe.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ngo-1933, uPeter Drucker wathuthela e-UK. Lapha akazange athole okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqashwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nakumkakhe uDoris Schmitz, owafunda eNyuvesi yaseFrankfurt. Lo mbhangqwana wadlala umshado ngo-1934, kwathi ngo-1937 washukunyiswa unomphela e-United States.

Impilo yomuntu siqu yathula waze washona kuze kube sekufeni kukaPetru ngonyaka ka-2005. Izingane ezine zazalwa emshadweni. Umlando awuzange usindise izithombe zomndeni. Iningi lezithombe ze-theorist zizungezwe abafundi noma izincwadi.

Umsebenzi wesayensi

Ngo-1934, uPitrosi weza esifundeni sikaJohn Meinard Keynes e-University of Cambridge. Irekhodi kudayari ngalolo suku lisebenza njengephuzu lokuqala lokucwaninga okuneminyaka engama-70 ubudala:

"Ngase ngabona kungazelelwe ukuthi ama-keynes nabo bonke abafundi be-Shiny Economist abasekhona kule nkulumo babenesifiso sokuziphatha kwezimpahla. Benginesifiso sokuziphatha kwabantu. "

Omunye womunyu wokuqala wakhuluma ukuthi into esemqoka ebhizinisini akuyona umqondo wokuthi "usomabhizinisi", kodwa "abathengi." Kuvela kubantu okuncike ekufuneni, kanye nabo ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi, iholo labo, izinga lezomnotho. Ngasikhathi sinye, isithombe sabathengi sakha osomabhizinisi osomabhizinisi kubani adalela umkhiqizo asophaketheni lakhe.

Imibhalo yesayensi mayelana nezomnotho, ezombusazwe kanye nomphakathi, owabhala lowo muntu eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili elandelayo, wakwenza kwaba ngumuntu othokozisayo we- "General Motors" - enye yezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1943, isazi sezomnotho saqashelwa ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku wezepolitiki.

Umphumela wokufundwa kweminyaka engu-2 "ekhishini" yangaphakathi "I-General Motors" kwakuyincwadi ethi "Corporation Concept" (1946). Kuyo, i-theorist yabaphathi yahlaziya iqhaza lobuholi enkampanini enkulu, ichaze ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi komqashwa nomqashi buboniswa kanjani ekusebenzeni kahle kokuziphatha kwenhlangano kanye nemvelo yenhlangano yenhlangano, njll.

Ikakhulu, i-DREOVER yabhala ukuthi ubuholi bungumqondo oqanjiwe, ikakhulukazi inkampani enkulu. Yize kunjalo, umphumela uncike ekutheni abasebenzi abajwayelekile bakufeza kanjani izibopho zabo ezinikezwe zona. Umholi ophumelelayo nguyena ongadlulisela kahle isikhundla sawo kubasebenzi futhi ubashukumisele emiphumeleni ehloniphekile. Ekukhanyeni kwalokhu, i-theorist yelulekisa ama-motor "aphezulu" "ukucubungula isimo sayo sengqondo kubasebenzi, ukunciphisa ingcindezi kubo, shintsha isiswebhu saphakade kwi-gingerbread.

UMongameli kanye nomqondisi jikelele we-General Motors Alfred Sloan wayelindele imiphumela yokuhlola. Futhi "umqondo wenhlangano" ucasule kakhulu ubukhulu bokuthi wenza ngendlela yokuthi incwadi yayingekho nhlobo. Ngokwobufakazi bukaPeter, i-sloan ayikaze ivumele noma ngubani ukuthi ayikhulume.

Kodwa-ke, kungukubonga "umqondo wenhlangano", i-drucker yaziwa ngokubonisana. Ukucwaningwa Kwakhe kwayala amafemu amakhulu njengo- "General Electric", W. R. Umusa nenkampani ne-IBM. Kamuva, i-theoretical ihlongoze izinhlangano zakhe nezinhlangano ezingezona nzuzo - ngokwesibonelo, isiphambano esibomvu sase-United States kanye neSalvation Army.

Ngo-1954, incwadi eceliwe kaPeter Drucker "umkhuba wabaphathi" yaphuma. Kuyo, umbhali waqala wasebenzisa umqondo "wokuphatha ngezinhloso". Ngaphansi kwaso kwakuqondakala ukuthi abasebenzi kufanele balandele izinhloso ezifanayo lapho inkampani iza khona ngokujwayelekile. Ngokusemthethweni, indlela ehlakaniphile yazalwa.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Usosayensi uchaza ukuthi isethwe kahle phambi kwesisebenzi sezinhloso ezi-3-5. Inani elincane lazo lizoholela esikhathini sokuphumula, ngaphezulu "kokugcwaliswa kabusha". Ngasikhathi sinye, umphathi kufanele ahlinzeke ngamathuluzi okufeza lezi zinhloso ukuze angabizi izindleko ezengeziwe zokuziphatha nezomzimba esisebenzini. Ukuze kube lula kwenqubo, kunconywa ukudweba izinhloso zezihlahla - ngamanye amagama, hlela izinyathelo zokufeza umphumela.

Ukunikela kwabaphathi abazibophezele yi-Drucker kunzima ukuwela ngokweqile. Wephule isethulo sesintu ngale ndawo njengesayensi enembile, enobunye futhi ehlelekile yonke into eyake yaziwa ngomnotho, ubuciko bokuphatha, ukumaketha. Bese kuthi-ke amagama athuthukisiwe, aqondakale ngisho nomholi we-novice.

UPeter ungumbhali wezincwadi ezingama-39 ezihunyushelwe ezilimini ezingama-36. Obadume kakhulu kubo 'bakwenza umkhuba wokuzilolonga' (1954), "ibhizinisi kanye nokwenza izinto ezintsha" (1985), "ukuphathwa kwezinguquko ezinkulu" (1995), "abaphathi. Izingcingo zekhulu le-XXI "(1999).

Imibono yethu esemqoka e-Economist ayikhuthaza hhayi ezincwadini kuphela, kodwa futhi naseMnyangweni. Kusukela ngo-1942 kuya ku-1949, wafundisa ezombusazwe nefilosofi e-Bennington College yangasese eVermont, kwathi ngo-1950 kuya ku-1971 wahlanganyela ekuphathweni kwabafundi baseNew York University.

Ukushona

I-Bieter Descher's Biography yaphela ngoNovemba 11, 2005 eClember, eCalifornia. Imbangela yokufa imvelo - i-theorist ayizange sisinde ezinsukwini eziyi-8 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwayo kwe-96. Unkosikazi wakhe uDoris Schmitz naye waba nesibindi eside: ushonile ngo-Okthoba 2014 eneminyaka engu-103.

Amacaphuna

• "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza izinto ezifanele kunokwenza izinto zilungile."
• "Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubikezela ikusasa ukudala."
• "Imfihlo yeJapan ukuthi azenzi imibiko emsebenzini, kodwa sebenza."
• "Emithonjeni yebhizinisi ngalinye eliphumelelayo limi kanye ngesibindi isinqumo."
• "Isikhombi sekhwalithi esezingeni eliphakeme ngabantu abajwayelekile abenza izinto ezingajwayelekile."

I-Bibliography

• Ngo-1939 - "Ukuphela Komuntu Wezomnotho: Imvelaphi Yezibuko"
• Ngo-1942 - "Ikusasa Lendoda Yezimboni"
• 1946 - "Umqondo weCorporation"
• 1954 - "Umkhuba Wokuphatha"
• Ngo-1968 - "I-Epoch of Ripple: Izimpawu zomhlaba wonke eziguqukayo"
• Ngo-1973 - "Ukuphatha: Imisebenzi, Imisebenzi, Prakthiza"
• 1982 - "Umhlaba Oguqukayo Wamandla Aphezulu"
• Ngo-1985 - "Ibhizinisi Nesisungula"
• Ngo-1990 - "ukuphathwa enhlanganweni engeyona eyezentengiso: izimiso nokwenza"
• 1998 - "Ekuphathweni ochwepheshe: Mayelana nomsebenzi wemenenja"
• 1999 - "Ukuphatha. Izingcingo zekhulu le-XXI "
• 2001 - "I-Encyclopedia of Management"
• 2002 - "ukuphathwa emphakathini wekusasa"
• 2002 - "Imenenja Ephumelelayo"
• Ngo-2004 - "UDkt. For nsuku zonke. Imenenja yeSoviet engu-366 Imenenja ephumelelayo »