I-Biograge
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo yango-2020, umbhali wezikweletu zansuku zonke uphakamise isihloko esihle kakhulu esihlokweni sakhe, echaza incazelo yesayensi yesimo sento lapho umuntu efuna ukuba azuze abene enkulu yabafowethu abancane. Ukunqwabelana kwe-PathOlogical of Izilwane (noma ukuhanjiswa) okuhlobene nokuphazamiseka kobuntu bokuziphatha kwaqala kubonakaliswa izazi zezengqondo zaseMelika ezidumile u-Aaron Beck kanye noDuli zibhekele emuva ngo-1981 ngombiko ohlanganyelwe, exoxa nabantu abangama-31.Ubuntwana nentsha
Maphakathi noJulayi 1921, umhlaka 18, eProvidence emndenini omkhulu wabafuduki abavela eMbusweni Russiansian, amaJuda wobuzwe, ingane encane yavela - indodana ka-Aroni. UHarry Beck (uHerchel Bull) wazalelwa e-ProPkurov (manje yi-Ukraine Khmelnitsky), wasebenza njengomshicileli wathuthela e-United States ngo-1906.
U-Elizabeth Tekkin ufike e-United States of America evela e-Loveman (esikhathini esedlule - idolobha elidala kunawo wonke ku-Dnieper) futhi lahlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi. Abathandi bashada ngo-1909.
Kamuva, le ndoda yabona ukuthi, naphezu kobunzima obukhona (abezindaba baphikisa ukuthi umama, futhi ngaphandle kokuthola kabusha ekufeni kwendodakazi yakhe emfishane, wakhulela esimweni sokudangala), wakhulela esimweni se uthando nokunakekelwa. Kusukela esemncane, umfana wayengenazinkinga ngokutadisha, okungeke kushiwo ngempilo yakhe.
Ebuntweni, ububi kwenzeka: Ukuqhekeka kwesandla kuholele eSepsis, uHard State wayekhathazekile kodokotela. Lesi siguli esincane sasinda ekutheni kwaqubuka esimangaliso, kodwa okwenzekile akudlulanga ngaphandle komkhondo: ama-phobias amaningi athuthukile. Isibonelo, uBeck wesaba ukulimala ngokopha, wenza umsebenzi esidlangalaleni, ukugcotshwa, isidingo sokungenela okuhlinzayo, njll ngenhlanhla ngenhlanhla, ngokwesikhathi akwazi ukubhekana nabo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokufunda umuthi futhi afake isicelo kwindlela yokusekela umuthi.
Ngo-1942, umfana uthweswe iziqu ezivela eBrownov University, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4, isikole se-Yale yezokwelapha ngezinga elithile. Ngemuva kwalokho, udlula i-internship, ungene esikhungweni se-Austn Riggs futhi wahle wabanjelwa empini eValley Forge Army Army. Esikhathini esizayo, kwakukhona ithuba lokucwaninga eyunivesithi ePennsylvania nase-APSAA.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Aaron, konke kuhleliwe. Emuva ngo-1950, wamshada ngenjabulo uPhillies Whitman, owaba ngumahluleli womuntu wokuqala eNkantolo Yezikhalazo zasePennsylvania futhi wayehlala esekela umyeni wakhe amthandayo emisebenzini yakhe. Izingane ezine, iSupham, uDani, u-Alice noJudith bazalwa emshadweni.By the way, indodakazi encane yangena ezinyathelweni zomzali odumile, iphumelela kakhulu esifundweni sokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo. Ngo-1994, yena, kanye nobaba, wasungula i-Institute of Prchotherapsy kanye nocwaningo lwasePhiladelphia.
"Lapho ngiqala ukwenza, kwadingeka ngiphuthume eklayenti ngalinye, ngichaze umongo wendlela yokunikeza izincomo. Namuhla indodakazi yami ibhekisa isikhungo esithi emva kwami. Akuwona yini ubufakazi bokuthi ukwelashwa kwengqondo kushintsha ngempela impilo kube ngcono? " - Joke Beck.Ngokuqondene nokuthandwa ngumuntu ngamunye, kuyaziwa ukuthi udumo uthanda ukuqoqa izibopho zevemvane futhi akakhathali ngokuphinda ugcwalise iqoqo labo elihlaba umxhwele ngezinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlobo ezintsha.
Ona kwengqondo
Ekuqaleni, i-neurology yaheha insizwa ethile, kodwa, ekuthinteni ngezengqondo, yadumala kuye. Emehlweni akhe, ukugula kakhulu kwakunyamalala kancane ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele: izidakamizwa zegazi zokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ziphenduke ama-zombies ngemuva kwe-lobotomy futhi zisebenzisa ukushaqeka kukagesi. U-Aaron wabona ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuthi afune ikhambi elinokuthula kakhudlwana kulo magazini.
UBeck waphendukela e-megapopur psychoopur kuleyo minyaka, kodwa ngokushesha wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi akamsebenzi ofanele, ikakhulukazi uma besikhuluma ngokudangala. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha badala eyabo depression imodeli futhi ngesisekelo sokuziphatha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Reflex - indlela entsha yokwelapha ukuphazamiseka okuhlangene okubizwa ngokuthi i-conctive psychotherapy. Izinhlinzeko zalo eziphambili ze-Beck zenziwe kungakhathalekile ukuthi u-Albert Ellis, ophakamise ukuqondiswa kwe-rapt.
"Ukwenqaba ukubonisana ngokusho kwendlela kaFreud, into yokuqala engangiyizwa ngikhathazekile ngenhlala-kahle yami ebonakalayo. Lapho ngiqala ukwenza okubi ngokwelashwa, isimo sezezimali sanyakaziswa kakhulu. Ngemuva kwamaseshini ayishumi, amakhasimende anelisekile asele, futhi imali engenayo yami incibilike phambi kwamehlo, "kusho usaziwayo engxoxweni.Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sabeka yonke into esendaweni yayo, kanye nekhono lomsunguli ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokufaka iziguli ezivela esimweni esicindezelwe ekucabangeni okuhle. Igalelo le-psychology ye-beck likhulu. Uprofesa ujabulele imibono emibili yezinkolelo ezijulile (ezihambisana nokungabi nakungasizi nangokungakwazi ukwenqatshwa), wethule igama elithi "ezenzakalelayo", athuthukise uhlobo lwe- "neurotitic code", i-depression scale (test for Diression), njll.
I-Bibliography yakhe ecebile iqukethe izincwadi, izinzuzo kanye nezindatshana zokusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kwengqondo ukuze kuvikeleke ukuzibulala nangokwephulwa ngokomzwelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, ngokwesibonelo, ikakhulukazi, ukukhathazeka okucashunwe "ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka: indlela yokuziphatha kahle", enyatheliswa yi-co-ringrk noDavid Clark, futhi "i-pchoctive psychotherapy yokuphazamiseka kobuntu", kubhalwe ndawonye ngo-Arthur Fremen.
U-Aaron Beck manje
Naphezu kobudala obuhlonishwayo, u-Aaron Beck usebenza ngokuthela. Ngo-2019, i-biography yokudala yombhali onekhono ithuthukise isihloko esithi "Ukuvela okuneminyaka engu-60 ubudala yombono wengqondo nokwelashwa." Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, i-Medscape Medical Site yabeka isihloko esithi sabaphiwokobezi se-Psychotherapist engxenyeni yesine ohlwini lodokotela abanethonya elikhulu kakhulu lekhulu leminyaka elidlule.I-Beck Institute for therapy yezokwelapha nokucwaninga okwenziwe yizo iyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo. Imisebenzi ye-Institute ingabhekwa ngezithombe nolwazi oluthunyelwe kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni nasekuxhumaneni nomphakathi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1967 - "Ukuxilonga nokwelashwa kokudangala"
- 1972 - "Ukudana Ukudana: Izimbangela Nezokwelapha"
- 1975 - "Ukwelashwa kwengqondo nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo"
- Ngo-1979 - "Ukwelashwa Okudayiswa Kwengqondo"
- 1993 - "Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kokuncika kotshwala ne-narcotic"
- 1998 - "Amandla Okuqonda Okuqonda Okuhlanganisa"
- 1999 - "Iziboshwa zenzondo: izisekelo zokuqonda ze-Wright, ubutha nodlame"
- Ngo-1999 - "Isisekelo Sesayensi Sokuqonda kanye nokwelashwa okucindezelayo"
- Ngo-2003 - "I-Conntive Psychotherapy yobuntu bokuphazamiseka kobuntu"
- 2005 - "Ukuphazamiseka kwe-alamu nama-phobias: umbono wokuqonda"
- Ngo-2008 - "Schizophrenia: Ithiyori yengqondo, ucwaningo nokwelashwa"
- 2010 - "Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kokuphazamiseka kwesabekayo: Isayensi kanye nokwenza"
- 2012 - "Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kweqembu lokuncika"